scholarly journals Molecular Immune Mechanism of Intestinal Microbiota and Their Metabolites in the Occurrence and Development of Liver Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Bi ◽  
Geqiong Xiao ◽  
Chunyan Liu ◽  
Junwei Yan ◽  
Jiaqi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Mechanism ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Future Clinical Practice ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Theoretical Evidence

Intestinal microorganisms are closely associated with immunity, metabolism, and inflammation, and play an important role in health and diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, and cancer. Liver cancer is one of the most fatal cancers in humans. Most of liver cancers are slowly transformed from viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the relationship between intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, indoles, and ethanol, and liver cancer remains unclear. Here, we summarize the molecular immune mechanism of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in the occurrence and development of liver cancer and reveal the important role of the microbiota-gut-liver axis in liver cancer. In addition, we describe how the intestinal flora can be balanced by antibiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and fecal bacteria transplantation to improve the treatment of liver cancer. This review describes the immunomolecular mechanism of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in the occurrence and development of hepatic cancer and provides theoretical evidence support for future clinical practice.

scholarly journals Consumption of post-fermented Jing-Wei Fuzhuan brick tea alleviates liver dysfunction and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in high fructose diet-fed mice

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (30) ◽  
pp. 17501-17513
Author(s):  
Xiangnan Zhang ◽  
Qiu Wu ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Alim Aimy ◽  
Xingbin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Fuzhuan brick tea can improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and intestinal microbiota imbalance induced by a high fructose diet (HFD) intake in mice.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota-Derived Components and Metabolites in the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Ji ◽  
Yue Yin ◽  
Ziru Li ◽  
Weizhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Human gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized as a pivotal determinant of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Apart from the changes in the composition of gut microbiota, the components and metabolites derived from intestinal microbiota have emerged as key factors in modulating the pathological process of NAFLD. Compelling evidences have revealed that gut microbiota generates a variety of bioactive substances that interact with the host liver cells through the portal vein. These substances include the components derived from bacteria such as lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan, DNA, and extracellular vesicles, as well as the metabolites ranging from short-chain fatty acids, indole and its derivatives, trimethylamine, secondary bile acids, to carotenoids and phenolic compounds. The mechanisms underlying the hepatic responses to the bioactive substances from gut bacteria have been associated with the regulation of glycolipid metabolism, immune signaling response, and redox homeostasis. Illuminating the interplay between the unique factors produced from gut microbiome and the liver will provide a novel therapeutical target for NAFLD. The current review highlights the recent advances on the mechanisms by which the key ingredients and metabolites from gut microbiota modulate the development and progression of NAFLD.

scholarly journals Differences in metabolic and liver pathobiology induced by two dietary mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Zhang ◽  
Mélissa Léveillé ◽  
Emilie Courty ◽  
Aysim Gunes ◽  
Bich Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

ABSTRACTNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing epidemic associated with key aspects of metabolic disease such as obesity and diabetes. The first stage of NAFLD is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, but this can further progress into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis or cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A western diet, high in fats, sugars and cholesterol is linked to NAFLD development. Murine models are often used to experimentally study NAFLD, as they can display similar histopathological features as humans; however, there remains debate on which diet-induced model most appropriately and consistently mimics both human disease progression and pathogenesis. In this study, we performed a side-by-side comparison of two popular diet models of murine NAFLD/NASH and associated HCC: a high fat diet supplemented with 30% fructose water (HFHF) and a western diet high in cholesterol (WDHC), comparing them to a common grain-based chow diet (GBD). Mice on both experimental diets developed liver steatosis, while WDHC-fed mice had greater levels of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis than HFHF-fed mice. In contrast, HFHF-fed mice were more obese and developed more severe metabolic syndrome, with less pronounced liver disease. Despite these differences, WDHC-fed and HFHF-fed mice had similar tumour burdens in a model of diet-potentiated liver cancer. Response to diet and resulting phenotypes were generally similar between sexes, albeit delayed in females. Notably, although metabolic and liver disease phenotypes are often thought to progress in parallel, this study shows that modest differences in diet can significantly uncouple glucose homeostasis and liver damage. In conclusion, long-term feeding of either HFHF or WDHC are reliable methods to induce NASH and diet-potentiated liver cancer in mice of both sexes; however, the choice of diet involves a trade-off between severity of metabolic syndrome and liver damage.

scholarly journals The Gut Barrier, Intestinal Microbiota, and Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies to Manage

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8351
Author(s):  
Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽  
Patricio Solís-Urra ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Olivares-Arancibia ◽  
Miguel Navarro-Oliveros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Liver disease encompasses pathologies as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcohol liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral hepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Nowadays, underlying mechanisms associating gut permeability and liver disease development are not well understood, although evidence points to the involvement of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. Animal studies have shown alterations in Toll-like receptor signaling related to the leaky gut syndrome by the action of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. In humans, modifications of the intestinal microbiota in intestinal permeability have also been related to liver disease. Some of these changes were observed in bacterial species belonging Roseburia, Streptococcus, and Rothia. Currently, numerous strategies to treat liver disease are being assessed. This review summarizes and discusses studies addressed to determine mechanisms associated with the microbiota able to alter the intestinal barrier complementing the progress and advancement of liver disease, as well as the main strategies under development to manage these pathologies. We highlight those approaches that have shown improvement in intestinal microbiota and barrier function, namely lifestyle changes (diet and physical activity) and probiotics intervention. Nevertheless, knowledge about how such modifications are beneficial is still limited and specific mechanisms involved are not clear. Thus, further in-vitro, animal, and human studies are needed.

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