scholarly journals Shedding New Lights Into STED Microscopy: Emerging Nanoprobes for Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Liu ◽  
Zheng Peng ◽  
Xiao Peng ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Zhigang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Light Power ◽  
Sted Microscopy ◽  
Imaging Quality ◽  
Polymer Dots ◽  
Pros And Cons

First reported in 1994, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy has long been regarded as a powerful tool for real-time superresolved bioimaging . However, high STED light power (101∼3 MW/cm2) is often required to achieve significant resolution improvement, which inevitably introduces phototoxicity and severe photobleaching, damaging the imaging quality, especially for long-term cases. Recently, the employment of nanoprobes (quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, carbon dots, polymer dots, AIE dots, etc.) in STED imaging has brought opportunities to overcoming such long-existing issues. These nanomaterials designed for STED imaging show not only lower STED power requirements but also more efficient photoluminescence (PL) and enhanced photostability than organic molecular probes. Herein, we review the recent progress in the development of nanoprobes for STED imaging, to highlight their potential in improving the long-term imaging quality of STED microscopy and broadening its application scope. We also discuss the pros and cons for specific classes of nanoprobes for STED bioimaging in detail to provide practical references for biological researchers seeking suitable imaging kits, promoting the development of relative research field.

Will Poland’s Success Continue?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Piatkowski
Keyword(s):  
International Institutions ◽  
The West ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Growth Prospects ◽  
Naming And Shaming

In this chapter I discuss Poland’s growth prospects and analyze long-term projections produced by international institutions. I argue that Poland should continue to grow and converge with the West at least until 2030 and achieve around 80 per cent of its level of income. This would be the highest relative level of income and quality of life in Poland’s history. The country’s true Golden Age would flourish. After 2030, however, convergence is likely to slow and might even reverse unless further reforms are implemented. I then discuss how much economists understand about what makes countries grow. I assert that we know much less than we think we know. I briefly review various challenges of moving from economic theory to economic practice. I also look at the pros and cons of international economic rankings, arguing that they play an important role by ‘naming and shaming’ countries into reforms, but their power is often overappreciated.

A Methodology to Evaluate ICT Platforms in the Implementation of e-Government

2012 ◽  
pp. 226-244
Author(s):  
Mauricio Solar ◽  
Gonzalo Valdés ◽  
Horst von Brand ◽  
Sergio Murúa
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Integral Assessment

In this chapter, a Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model is proposed to be used by the agencies of the Chilean public sector when evaluating alternatives for the implementation of e-government. This TCO model is used to compare the pros and cons of solutions that require high levels of investment at start up and low long-term operations expenditures against solutions that require lower start up investments and higher operational costs. It considers all the associated costs and investments of a candidate technological solution, under an integral assessment approach. This work shows how to gather all the information that is required to analyze and determinate the feasibility of a migration project. Since e-government projects are primarily driven by the goal of delivering better services to citizens, it is recommended to deal with these projects case-by-case and to take into account the quality of the resulting service to citizen, before deciding about their viability.

scholarly journals Synergic Combination of Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy with Image Scanning Microscopy to Reduce Light Dosage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Tortarolo ◽  
Marco Castello ◽  
Sami Koho ◽  
Giuseppe Vicidomini
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Beam Intensity ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Image Scanning ◽  
Sted Microscopy ◽  
Stimulated Emission Depletion

AbstractStimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is one of the most influential nanoscopy techniques; by increasing the STED beam intensity, it theoretically improves the spatial resolution to any desired value. However, the higher is the dose of stimulating photons, the stronger are the photo-bleaching and photo-toxicity effects, which potentially compromise live-cell and long-term imaging. For this reason the scientific community is looking for strategies to reduce the STED beam intensity needed to achieve a target resolution. Here, we show how the combination of STED microscopy with image scanning microscopy (ISM) meets this request. In particular, we introduce a new STED-ISM architecture – based on our recent single-photon-avalanche-diode (SPAD) detector array – which allows covering the near-diffraction limit resolution range with reduced STED beam intensity. We demonstrate this ability both with simulated data and in live-cell experiments. Because of (i) the minimal changes in the optical architecture of the typical point-scanning STED microscope; (ii) the parameter-free, robust and real-time pixel-reassignment method to obtain the STED-ISM image; (iii) the compatibility with all the recent progresses in STED microscopy, we envisage a natural and rapid upgrade of any STED microscope to the proposed STED-ISM architecture.

scholarly journals Aberration correction for improving the image quality in STED microscopy using the genetic algorithm

Nanophotonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1971-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luwei Wang ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Runze Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Weng ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Wave Front ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Aberration Correction ◽  
Sted Microscopy ◽  
Laser Wave ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Compensation Approach

AbstractWith a purely optical modulation of fluorescent behaviors, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy allows for far-field imaging with a diffraction-unlimited resolution in theory. The performance of STED microscopy is affected by many factors, of which aberrations induced by the optical system and biological samples can distort the wave front of the depletion beam at the focal plane to greatly deteriorate the spatial resolution and the image contrast. Therefore, aberration correction is imperative for STED imaging, especially for imaging thick specimens. Here, we present a wave front compensation approach based on the genetic algorithm (GA) to restore the distorted laser wave front for improving the quality of STED images. After performing aberration correction on two types of zebrafish samples, the signal intensity and the imaging resolution of STED images were both improved, where the thicknesses were 24 μm and 100 μm in the zebrafish retina sample and the zebrafish embryo sample, respectively. The results showed that the GA-based wave front compensation approach has the capability of correction for both system-induced and sample-induced aberrations. The elimination of aberrations can prompt STED imaging in deep tissues; therefore, STED microscopy can be expected to play an increasingly important role in super-resolution imaging related to the scientific research in biological fields.

A Methodology to Evaluate ICT Platforms in the Implementation of e-Government

2012 ◽  
pp. 455-473
Author(s):  
Mauricio Solar ◽  
Gonzalo Valdés ◽  
Horst von Brand ◽  
Sergio Murúa
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Integral Assessment

In this chapter, a Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model is proposed to be used by the agencies of the Chilean public sector when evaluating alternatives for the implementation of e-government. This TCO model is used to compare the pros and cons of solutions that require high levels of investment at start up and low long-term operations expenditures against solutions that require lower start up investments and higher operational costs. It considers all the associated costs and investments of a candidate technological solution, under an integral assessment approach. This work shows how to gather all the information that is required to analyze and determinate the feasibility of a migration project. Since e-government projects are primarily driven by the goal of delivering better services to citizens, it is recommended to deal with these projects case-by-case and to take into account the quality of the resulting service to citizen, before deciding about their viability.

Recent advances on organic fluorescent probes for stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruohan Xu ◽  
Yanzi Xu ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Dongfeng Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sted Microscopy ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Polymer Dots ◽  
Stimulated Emission Depletion ◽  
Photo Stability

: Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy has become a useful tool to visualize and dynamic monitor at an ultra-high resolution in both biological research and material science. For STED technology, fluorescent probes are irreplaceable in imaging process. Among them, organic fluorescent probes exhibit characteristics of superior photo-stability, high brightness, large Stokes' shifts and excellent biocompability, thus resulting in wide applications in STED microscopy. Based on this consideration, in this review, the recent advances on organic fluorescent probes, including typical organic fluorescent probes, aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), polymer dots and other nanoparticles, are introduced. The applications of organic fluorescent probes in biological imaging, such as live-cell, tissue and in-vivo imaging, and also material monitoring on the nanometer scale by using STED microscopy are then included. Based on these results, the rules to design new materials for STED microscopy are provided to enhance their imaging performance and then further enrich their real-world applications in future research.

Thinking Beyond Language: Intervention for Severe Aphasia

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Simmons-Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Total Communication ◽  
Communication Partners

Abstract Purpose: This article addresses several intervention approaches that aim to improve life for individuals with severe aphasia. Because severe aphasia significantly compromises language, often for the long term, recommended approaches focus on additional domains that affect quality of life. Treatments are discussed that involve increasing participation in personally relevant life situations, enhancing environmental support for communication and participation, and improving communicative confidence. Methods: Interventions that have been suggested in the aphasia literature as particularly appropriate for people with severe aphasia include training in total communication, training of communication partners, and activity specific training. Conclusion: Several intervention approaches can be implemented to enhance life with severe aphasia.

Communication Disordered: Program Implementation in Long-Term Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
George Barnes ◽  
Joseph Salemi
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Change Policy

The organizational structure of long-term care (LTC) facilities often removes the rehab department from the interdisciplinary work culture, inhibiting the speech-language pathologist's (SLP's) communication with the facility administration and limiting the SLP's influence when implementing clinical programs. The SLP then is unable to change policy or monitor the actions of the care staff. When the SLP asks staff members to follow protocols not yet accepted by facility policy, staff may be unable to respond due to confusing or conflicting protocol. The SLP needs to involve members of the facility administration in the policy-making process in order to create successful clinical programs. The SLP must overcome communication barriers by understanding the needs of the administration to explain how staff compliance with clinical goals improves quality of care, regulatory compliance, and patient-family satisfaction, and has the potential to enhance revenue for the facility. By taking this approach, the SLP has a greater opportunity to increase safety, independence, and quality of life for patients who otherwise may not receive access to the appropriate services.

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