scholarly journals Genetic Characterisation of Colistin Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates From North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
Ashutosh Pathak ◽  
Mohibur Rahman ◽  
Avinash Singh ◽  
Soumyabrata Nag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
North India ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Genomic Plasticity ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Sequence Types

BackgroundIncreasing use of colistin has led to the world-wide emergence of mobile colistin resistant gene (mcr). The present study aimed to identify and characterise mcr and other drug-resistant genes in colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates.MethodsTwenty-two colistin resistant K. pneumoniae were analysed for mcr and other drug-resistant genes, efflux pumps, and virulence genes, and for their biofilm forming ability. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were performed for all mcr-1 positive isolates. S1-PFGE and Southern hybridisation were performed for localisation of mcr-1 and blaNDM.ResultsNineteen colistin resistant K. pneumoniae harboured mcr-1 and 3 had mgrB disruption. All isolates harboured blaOXA-48-type and ESBL genes; eight strains (five with mcr-1 and three with mgrB disruption) co-harboured blaNDM. Efflux pumps genes AcrAB and mdtK were detected in all 22 and tol-C in 21 isolates. Virulence-related genes entB and irp-1 were detected in all 22, mrkD in 20, and fimH-1 in 18 isolates; 11 isolates were strong biofilm producers. PFGE clustered mcr-1 positive isolates into eight groups based on ≥90% similarity; MLST revealed diverse sequence types, predominant being ST-15 (n = 4) and ST-16 (n = 4). Both mcr-1 and blaNDM were localised on plasmid and chromosome; mcr-1 was present on IncFII type and blaNDM on IncFIB and IncA/C type plasmids.ConclusionsColistin resistance in K. pneumoniae was predominantly mediated by mcr-1. Co-existence of colistin, carbapenem, and other drug-resistant genes along with efflux pumps indicates towards enormous genomic plasticity in K. pneumoniae with ability to emerge as super-spreader of drug-resistance.

scholarly journals Detection of Several Carbapenems Resistant and Virulence Genes in Classical and Hyper-virulent Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Hospitalized Neonates and Adults in Khartoum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aalaa Mahgoub Albasha ◽  
Esraa Hassan Osman ◽  
Saga Abd Alhalim ◽  
Elianz Alshaib ◽  
Leena Al-Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Carbapenems resistant hypervirulent strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are one of the most critical organisms that cause fatal nosocomial infections. This study aimed to detect and characterize K. pneumoniae virulence genes (mrkD, entB, rmpA, K2, kfu, and magA) and carbapenem resistant (blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA−48, and blaKPC) genes Methods Sixty K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from urine, blood, wound swab, and sputum samples, in two age groups: neonates and adults. String test was used to detect hypervirulent strains. Susceptibility testing for a wide range of antibiotics was performed on all isolates. DNA was extracted by the guanidine chloride method, then multiplex PCR was used for the detection of carbapenem-resistance and virulence genes. Results Seventy percent of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime and 8% to imipenem, 35% were multi-drug resistant, and 7% extensively drug-resistant, all neonatal blood isolates (n = 15) were resistant to ceftazidime. entB was the most predominant virulence gene (93.3%), followed by mrkD (78.3%), kfu (60%), K2 (51.7%), magA (18.3%) and rmpA (5%). blaOXA−48 was the most predominant carbapenem-resistant gene (68.3%), followed by blaNDM (10%), blaKPC (8.3%), and blaIMP (3.3%). Eight hyper-virulent strains were positive for blaOXA−48 and two for blaNDM genes. The study concluded that there is a high rate of carbapenems resistant genes in hyper-virulent strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients. Conclusion The study reported for the first time in Sudan presence of carbapenems resistant genes in hyper-virulent strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients. Presence of MDR and XDR strains of K. pneumoniae in neonatal ward in some Sudanese hospitals.

scholarly journals Detection of Several Carbapenems Resistant and Virulence Genes in Classical and Hyper-virulent Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Hospitalized Neonates and Adults in Khartoum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aalaa Mahgoub Albasha ◽  
Esraa Hassan Osman ◽  
Saga Abd Alhalim ◽  
Elianz Alshaib ◽  
Leena Al-Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Carbapenems resistant hypervirulent strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are one of the most critical organisms that cause fatal nosocomial infections. This study aimed to detect and characterize K. pneumoniae virulence genes (mrkD, entB, rmpA, K2, kfu, and magA) and carbapenem resistant (blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA−48, and blaKPC) genes Methods Sixty K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from urine, blood, wound swab, and sputum samples, in two age groups: neonates and adults. String test was used to detect hypervirulent strains. Susceptibility testing for a wide range of antibiotics was performed on all isolates. DNA was extracted by the guanidine chloride method, then multiplex PCR was used for the detection of carbapenem-resistance and virulence genes. Results Seventy percent of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime and 8% to imipenem, 35% were multi-drug resistant, and 7% extensively drug-resistant, all neonatal blood isolates (n = 15) were resistant to ceftazidime. entB was the most predominant virulence gene (93.3%), followed by mrkD (78.3%), kfu (60%), K2 (51.7%), magA (18.3%) and rmpA (5%). blaOXA−48 was the most predominant carbapenem-resistant gene (68.3%), followed by blaNDM (10%), blaKPC (8.3%), and blaIMP (3.3%). Eight hyper-virulent strains were positive for blaOXA−48 and two for blaNDM genes. The study concluded that there is a high rate of carbapenems resistant genes in hyper-virulent strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients. Conclusion The study reported for the first time in Sudan presence of carbapenems resistant genes in hyper-virulent strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients. Presence of MDR and XDR strains of K. pneumoniae in neonatal ward in some Sudanese hospitals.

Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of virulence genes among multi-drug resistant clinical isolates in Iran

Gene Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101281
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Sadr ◽  
Seyed Alireza Fahimzad ◽  
Abdollah Karimi ◽  
Fatemeh Fallah ◽  
Shahnaz Armin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Drug Resistant

scholarly journals Wastewaters, with or without Hospital Contribution, Harbour MDR, Carbapenemase-Producing, but Not Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Adela Teban-Man ◽  
Anca Farkas ◽  
Andreea Baricz ◽  
Adriana Hegedus ◽  
Edina Szekeres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP) isolated from influent (I) and effluent (E) of two wastewater treatment plants, with (S1) or without (S2) hospital contribution, were investigated. The strains belonged to the Kp1 phylogroup, their highest frequency being observed in S1, followed by S2. The phenotypic and genotypic hypervirulence tests were negative for all the strains tested. At least one carbapenemase gene (CRG), belonging to the blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaNDM and blaVIM families, was observed in 63% of CPKP, and more than half co-harboured two to four CRGs, in different combinations. Only five CRG variants were observed, regardless of wastewater type: blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-6, blaVIM-2, and blaOXA-48. Sequence types ST258, ST101 and ST744 were common for both S1 and S2, while ST147, ST525 and ST2502 were found only in S1 and ST418 only in S2. The strains tested were multi-drug resistant (MDR), all being resistant to beta-lactams, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams and fluoroquinolones, followed by various resistance profiles to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, tigecycline, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. After principal component analysis, the isolates in S1 and S2 groups did not cluster independently, confirming that the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and gene-type profiles were both similar in the K. pneumoniae investigated, regardless of hospital contribution to the wastewater type.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of Four Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peechanika Chopjitt ◽  
Thidathip Wongsurawat ◽  
Piroon Jenjaroenpun ◽  
Parichart Boueroy ◽  
Rujirat Hatrongjit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Isolate ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

ABSTRACT Here, we report the complete genome sequences of four clinical isolates of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB), isolated in Thailand. These results revealed multiple antimicrobial-resistant genes, each involving two sequence type 16 (ST16) isolates, ST2, and a novel sequence type isolate, ST1479.

scholarly journals Colistin resistance among Gram-negative isolates in Nepal: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Surya Prasad Devkota ◽  
Ashmita Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Animal Farms ◽  
Animal Isolates

Background: Colistin resistance among Gram-negative isolates is a tremendous public health problem, and there are very few studies in Nepal about these pathogens. Hence, this review provides comprehensive data on colistin resistance among Gram-negative isolates from various samples in Nepal. Methods: Articles reporting colistin resistance among various Gram-negative isolates from Nepal before July 2019 were selected; analyzed and relevant data was collected. Results: Colistin resistance was low among clinical isolates (less than 6%) in comparison to food and animal isolates (up to 69%). A wide variety of clinical isolates were colistin-resistant in comparison to food and animal isolates. Many of these isolates were highly drug-resistant and also harbored various drug-resistant determinants. Conclusion: Increased colistin resistance among Gram-negative pathogens is a serious concern. Screening of these isolates in clinical settings, animal farms, and food industries, as well as cautious use of colistin in both clinical and animal farms, is imminent.

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