scholarly journals TolCV1 Has Multifaceted Roles During Vibrio vulnificus Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Gong ◽  
Rui Hong Guo ◽  
Joon Haeng Rhee ◽  
Young Ran Kim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Host Signal ◽  
Fatal Septicemia ◽  
Vulnificus Infection

RtxA1 is a major cytotoxin of Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) causing fatal septicemia and necrotic wound infections. Our previous work has shown that RpoS regulates the expression and secretion of V. vulnificus RtxA1 toxin. This study was conducted to further investigate the potential mechanisms of RpoS on RtxA1 secretion. First, V. vulnificus TolCV1 and TolCV2 proteins, two Escherichia coli TolC homologs, were measured at various time points by Western blotting. The expression of TolCV1 was increased time-dependently, whereas that of TolCV2 was decreased. Expression of both TolCV1 and TolCV2 was significantly downregulated in an rpoS deletion mutation. Subsequently, we explored the roles of TolCV1 and TolCV2 in V. vulnificus pathogenesis. Western blot analysis showed that RtxA1 toxin was exported by TolCV1, not TolCV2, which was consistent with the cytotoxicity results. Furthermore, the expression of TolCV1 and TolCV2 was increased after treatment of the host signal bile salt and the growth of tolCV1 mutant was totally abolished in the presence of bile salt. A tolCV1 mutation resulted in significant reduction of V. vulnificus induced-virulence in mice. Taken together, TolCV1 plays key roles in RtxA1 secretion, bile salt resistance, and mice lethality of V. vulnificus, suggesting that TolCV1 could be an attractive target for the design of new medicines to treat V. vulnificus infections.

scholarly journals Seasonality, clinical types and prognostic factors of Vibrio vulnificus infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (07) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Han Tsao ◽  
Chun-Chieh Chen ◽  
Shih-Jei Tsai ◽  
Chi-Rong Li ◽  
Wai-Nang Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Vulnificus Infection ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Vibrio vulnificus infection, an uncommon but life-threatening illness, manifests as two main types, primary septicemia and primary wound infections.  Little information regarding the seasonality of V. vulnificus infections in tropical areas and prognostic factors of primary V. vulnificus wound infections is available. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted to include 159 V. vulnificus-infected admissions at our institution in southern Taiwan, 63 with primary septicemia (Group 1) and 96 with primary wound infections (Group 2), from 1999 to 2008, for analysis. Results: The case-fatality rate was 24%. Eighty-eight percent of these cases occurred during April to November. During December to March, patients in Group 2 were less likely to have acquired the infection compared with those in Group 1. Group 1 was more likely to have comorbidities and a higher case-fatality rate compared to Group 2. In multivariate analysis, hemorrhagic bullous skin lesions/necrotizing fasciitis (P=0.024), lesions involving two or more limbs (P=0.043), and shock on admission (P=0.015) were related to an increased mortality risk, while surgery < 24 hours after admission (P=0.001) was related to a decreased mortality risk in Group 1; however, hemorrhagic bullous skin lesions/necrotizing fasciitis (P=0.045) was the only prognostic factor in Group 2. Conclusion: The presence of hemorrhagic bullous lesion/necrotizing fasciitis is the main prognostic factor for primary septicemia or primary wound infections caused by V. vulnificus. Persons with an underlying immunocompromised status should avoid consuming raw/undercooked seafood or exposing wounds to seawater and should wear clothing during handling of seafood/fishing, especially in warmer months.

scholarly journals Genetic Distinctions among Clinical and Environmental Strains of Vibrio vulnificus

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 6136-6141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chatzidaki-Livanis ◽  
Michael A. Hubbard ◽  
Katrina Gordon ◽  
Valerie J. Harwood ◽  
Anita C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Genetic Discrimination ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Genomic Relationships ◽  
Dna Pcr ◽  
Fatal Septicemia

ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus causes rare but frequently fatal septicemia associated with raw oyster consumption by persons with underlying hepatic or immune system dysfunction. The virulence potential of environmental reservoirs appears widely distributed, because most strains are virulent in animal models; however, several investigations recently demonstrated genetic divergence among strains from clinical versus environmental origin at independent genetic loci. The present study used PCR to screen DNA polymorphisms in strains from environmental (n = 35) or clinical (n = 33) sources, and genomic relationships were determined by repetitive extragenic palindromic DNA PCR (rep-PCR) typing. Significant (P < 0.01) association was observed for typical “clinical” or “environmental” polymorphism profiles based on strain origin. Most oyster isolates (88%), including all of those with the “environmental” profile, also formed a single rep-PCR genogroup. Clinical isolates within this group did not have the typical “clinical” profile. On the other hand, clinical isolates with the typical polymorphism profile were distributed among multiple rep-PCR genogroups, demonstrating greater genetic diversity than was evident by profiling genetic polymorphisms. Wound isolates were genetically distinct from typical blood isolates by all assays. Strains from an outbreak of wound infections in Israel (biotype 3) were closely related to several U.S. strains by rep-PCR, indicating potential reservoirs of emerging disease. Strains genetically related to blood isolates appeared to be relatively rare in oysters, as only one had the “clinical” polymorphism profile or clustered by rep-PCR. However, this study was not an extensive survey, and more sampling using rep-PCR for sensitive genetic discrimination is needed to determine the virulence potential of environmental reservoirs.

scholarly journals An Active Type IV Secretion System Encoded by the F Plasmid Sensitizes Escherichia coli to Bile Salts

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (16) ◽  
pp. 5202-5209 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Bidlack ◽  
Philip M. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Plating Efficiency ◽  
Active System ◽  
Type Iv

ABSTRACT F+ strains of Escherichia coli infected with donor-specific bacteriophage such as M13 are sensitive to bile salts. We show here that this sensitivity has two components. The first derives from secretion of bacteriophage particles through the cell envelope, but the second can be attributed to expression of the F genes required for the formation of conjugative (F) pili. The latter component was manifested as reduced or no growth of an F+ strain in liquid medium containing bile salts at concentrations that had little or no effect on the isogenic F− strain or as a reduced plating efficiency of the F+ strain on solid media; at 2% bile salts, plating efficiency was reduced 104-fold. Strains with F or F-like R factors were consistently more sensitive to bile salts than isogenic, plasmid-free strains, but the quantitative effect of bile salts depended on both the plasmid and the strain. Sensitivity also depended on the bile salt, with conjugated bile salts (glycocholate and taurocholate) being less active than unconjugated bile salts (deoxycholate and cholate). F+ cells were also more sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate than otherwise isogenic F− cells, suggesting a selectivity for amphipathic anions. A mutation in any but one F tra gene required for the assembly of F pili, including the traA gene encoding F pilin, substantially restored bile salt resistance, suggesting that bile salt sensitivity requires an active system for F pilin secretion. The exception was traW. A traW mutant was 100-fold more sensitive to cholate than the tra+ strain but only marginally more sensitive to taurocholate or glycocholate. Bile salt sensitivity could not be attributed to a generalized change in the surface permeability of F+ cells, as judged by the effects of hydrophilic and hydrophobic antibiotics and by leakage of periplasmic β-lactamase into the medium.

scholarly journals STUDI VIABILITAS ISOLAT BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT YANG DIISOLASI DARI ASINAN REBUNG BAMBU TABAH TERHADAP pH RENDAH DAN GARAM EMPEDU

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Octavia Wasis ◽  
Nyoman Semadi Antara ◽  
Ida Bagus Wayan Gunam
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Bamboo Shoot ◽  
Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Mrs Broth

Tabah bamboo shoot pickle is one of the fermented food which is the source of lactic acid bacteria.  Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is beneficial to health because it has the ability as a probiotic. Lactic acid bacteria that have probiotic criteria should have resistance to low pH and bile salts. This study aims to determine isolates of lactic acid bacteria isolated from tabah bamboo shoot pickle resistant to low pH and bile salts (NaDC). Lactic acid bacteria were tested to low pH by using MRS broth that have different pH (pH 2, pH 3, pH 4 and pH 6.2 as a control) incubated at 37ºC for 3 hours. isolates were survive in low pH then continued in bile salt resistance test with 0.3% bile salt concentration for 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes and 24 hours. The results showed that three isolates out of 88 isolates had ability to grow in low pH and in medium supplemented by NaDC 0,3%. The isolates are AR 3057, AR 3101 and AR 6152 which can be used as candidat of  probiotic. Keywords : Tabah bamboo shoot pickle, lactic acid bacteria, probiotic, low pH, bile salt

Expression and partial purification of human pro-opiomelanocortin in Escherichia coli

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Grewal ◽  
P. J. Lowry ◽  
D. Savva
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dna Fragment

ABSTRACT A large portion of the human pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptide corresponding to amino acid residues 59–241 has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. A 1·0 kb DNA fragment encoding this peptide was cloned into the expression vectors pUC8 and pUR291. Plasmid pJMBG51 (a pUC8 recombinant) was found to direct the expression of a 24 kDa peptide. The recombinant pUR291 (pJMBG52) was shown to produce a β-galactosidase fusion protein of 140 kDa. Western blot analysis showed that both the 24 kDa and 140 kDa peptides are recognized by antibodies raised against POMC-derived peptides. The β-galactosidase fusion protein has been partially purified from crude E. coli cell lysates using affinity chromatography on p-aminobenzyl-1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside agarose.

scholarly journals The AIDA Autotransporter System Is Associated with F18 and Stx2e in Escherichia coli Isolates from Pigs Diagnosed with Edema Disease and Postweaning Diarrhea

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Niewerth ◽  
Andreas Frey ◽  
Thomas Voss ◽  
Chantal Le Bouguénec ◽  
Georg Baljer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Edema Disease ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Postweaning Diarrhea

ABSTRACT Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are known to cause edema disease (ED) and postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets. Although the exact mechanisms of pathogenicity that lead to ED-PWD remain to be elucidated, E. coli-borne Shiga-like toxin and adhesion-mediating virulence factors such as F18 adhesin or F4 fimbriae are believed to play a central role in ED-PWD. In light of these observations we investigated whether another E. coliadhesin, the plasmid-encoded AIDA (adhesin involved in diffuse adherence) might also be present in ED-PWD-causing E. coli isolates. For rapid screening for the AIDA system in large numbers of isolates, a multiplex PCR method along with a duplex Western blot procedure was developed. When screening 104 strains obtained from pigs with or without ED-PWD, we observed a high prevalence of the AIDA operon in porcine E. coli isolates, with over 25% of all strains being AIDA positive, and we could demonstrate a significant association of the intact AIDA gene (orfB) with ED-PWD, while defects in orfB were associated with the absence of disease. Although our data hint toward a contribution of AIDA to ED-PWD, further studies will be necessary since the presence of the AIDA genes was also associated with the presence of the Shiga-like toxin and F18 adhesin genes, two reported virulence factors for ED-PWD.

Seahorse TLR5 gene responses to Vibrio vulnificus infection, which in combination with scuticociliates causes heavy reductions in seahorse aquaculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1933-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng Qin ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Jianping Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Vulnificus Infection

scholarly journals A case of Vibrio vulnificus infection complicated with fulminant purpura: gene and biotype analysis of the pathogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Hori ◽  
Akifumi Nakayama ◽  
Daisuke Kitagawa ◽  
Hidetada Fukushima ◽  
Hideki Asai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Vulnificus Infection

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of enterocin obtained from Enterococcus durans on Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natara Favaro Tosoni ◽  
Hugo Felix Perini ◽  
Márcia Regina Terra ◽  
Marly Sayuri Katsuda ◽  
Márcia Cristina Furlaneto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Enterococcus Durans ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Food Processes ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT: Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important source of food contamination that presents risks to human health. Several industrial food processes eliminate this microorganism; however, these processes can alter the characteristics of the product. Alternative methods of preservation have been identified as an option to control these foodborne pathogens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the action of bacteriocins produced by Enterococcus durans MF5 in STEC cells. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) containing enterocins from the MF5 isolate was tested over different time points (6, 18, and 24 h). Enterocins present in the crude CFS showed inhibition against STEC at all time points. In the investigation of cell integrity, using propidium iodide and fluorescence microscopy, considerable cell death was observed within 6 h of the cells being in contact with the enterocins, which was also observed at the 18 and 24 h time points. These results showed that the enterocins produced by the MF5 isolate have potential use in the control of STEC.

Hemochromatosis and Vibrio vulnificus Wound Infections

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 890-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Barton ◽  
Ronald T. Acton
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Wound Infections
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