scholarly journals Athlete's Heart in Asian Military Males: The CHIEF Heart Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pang-Yen Liu ◽  
Kun-Zhe Tsai ◽  
Joao A. C. Lima ◽  
Carl J. Lavie ◽  
Gen-Min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Athlete's Heart

Background: Elite athlete's heart is characterized by a greater left ventricular mass indexed by body surface area (LVMI) and diastolic function; however previous studies are mainly conducted in non-Asian athletes compared to sedentary controls.Methods: This study included 1,388 male adults, aged 18–34 years, enrolled in the same unified 6-month physical training program in Taiwan. During the midterm exams of 2020, all trainees completed a 3-km run (endurance) test, and 577 were randomly selected to attend a 2-min push-up (muscular strength) test. Elite athletes were defined as the performance of each exercise falling one standard deviation above the mean (16%). Cardiac structure and function were measured by echocardiography and compared between elite and non-elite athletes. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of elite athlete status at each exercise modality.Results: As compared to non-elite controls, elite endurance athletes had greater LVMI (84.4 ± 13.6 vs. 80.5 ± 12.9 g/m2, p < 0.001) and lateral mitral E'/A' ratio (2.37 ± 0.73 vs. 2.22 ± 0.76, p < 0.01) with lower late diastolic A' (7.77 ± 2.16 vs. 8.30 ± 3.69 cm/s, p = 0.03). Elite strength athletes had greater LVMI (81.8 ± 11.4 vs. 77.5 ± 12.1, p = 0.004) and lateral mitral E'/A' ratio (2.36 ± 0.70 vs. 2.11 ± 0.71, p < 0.01) with a greater early diastolic E' (19.30 ± 4.06 vs. 18.18 ± 4.05 cm/s, p = 0.02). Greater LVMI and lower heart rate were independent predictors of elite endurance athletes [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals: 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) and 0.96 (0.95, 0.98), respectively]. Greater LVMI, lateral mitral E'/A' ratio and right ventricular systolic pressure were independent predictors of elite strength athletes [OR: 1.03 (1.01, 1.05), 1.50 (1.06, 2.12), and 1.12 (1.05, 1.19), respectively].Conclusions: Cardiac structural and functional characteristics differ between endurance and strength elite athletes. While greater LVMI predicts elite status in both groups of Asian athletes, consistent with findings from Western elite athletes, greater diastolic function, and right ventricular systolic pressure characterize strength elite athletes, while lower heart rate at rest predicts endurance elite athletic status.

Abstract 16574: Heart Failure Biomarkers (NT-proBNP, Gal-3, sST2) Correlate With Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure and Provide Insight to Poor CRT Response: A BIOCRT Substudy

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick C Deaño ◽  
Jackie Szymonifka ◽  
Qing Zhou ◽  
Jigar H Contractor ◽  
Zachary Lavender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Crt Response

Objective: Patients with heart failure (HF) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) have worse outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The relationship of circulating HF biomarkers and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) may provide insight to the mechanism between PH and poor CRT response. Methods: In 90 patients (age 65 ± 13, 78% male, EF 26 ± 8%, RVSP 44 ± 12 mmHg) undergoing CRT, we measured baseline RVSP by echocardiography and obtained peripheral blood samples drawn at the time of device implantation. We measured levels of established and emerging HF biomarkers (Table 1). CRT non-response was defined as no improvement of adjudicated HF Clinical Composite Score at 6 months. Major adverse cardiac event (MACE) was defined as composite endpoint of death, cardiac transplant, left ventricular assist device, and HF hospitalization within 2 years. Results: There were 34% CRT non-responders and 27% had MACE. Per 1 unit increase in log-transformed RVSP, there was an 11-fold increase risk of having CRT non-response (odd ratio [OR] 11.0, p=0.01) and over 5-fold increase of developing 2-year MACE (hazard ratio [HR] 5.8, p=0.02). When comparing patients with severe PH (RVSP>60 mmHg) to those without PH (RVSP < 35 mmHg), there was an 8-fold increase in CRT nonresponse (OR 8.4, p=0.03) but no difference in MACE (p=NS). RVSP was correlated with increased biomarker levels of myocardial stretch and fibrosis, but not myocardial necrosis (Table 1). Conclusions: Higher RVSP is associated with greater rates of CRT non-response and adverse clinical outcomes. The mechanistic association between severe PH and CRT nonresponse may be explained by the biomarker profile reflective of myocardial wall stretch and fibrosis.

Right ventricular pressure response to +GZ acceleration stress

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 908-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Whinnery ◽  
M. H. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Miniature Swine ◽  
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
The Right ◽  
Acceleration Stress

Measurements of right ventricular pressure in miniature swine were made at +Gz levels from +1 through +9 Gz. Polyethylene catheters were chronically placed in the cranial vena cava of five 2-yr-old female miniature swine (35–50 kg). The catheters were large enough to allow the introduction of a Millar pressure transducer into the venous system for placement in the right heart. The animals were fitted with an abdominal anti-G suit, restrained in a fiberglass couch, and exposed to the various +Gz levels on a centrifuge while fully conscious and unanesthetized. Right ventricular pressure and heart rate were measured during and for 2 min following 30-s exposures to each level of +Gz stress. The maximum right ventricular systolic pressure observed during +Gz was 200 Torr at +5 Gz with the maximum diastolic pressure being 88 Torr observed at +5 Gz. Mean heart rates were 200–210 beats/min at all levels of +Gz greater than or equal to +3 Gz when the animal remained stable. Mean maximum right ventricular pressures during +Gz stress were observed to increase through +5 Gz (85 Torr) and to decrease at higher levels of +Gz, indicating that through +5 Gz there is at least a partial compensation during acceleration stress. Decompensation in response to the stress began to occur during acceleration above +5 Gz with all animals decompensating during +9 Gz.

The effect of endogenous estrogen on Doppler-estimated right ventricular systolic pressure during exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1364-1371
Author(s):  
Vicki N. Wang ◽  
Mavra Ahmed ◽  
Amelia Ciofani ◽  
Zion Sasson ◽  
John T. Granton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Early Exercise ◽  
Endogenous Estrogen ◽  
Response To Exercise

We evaluated the effect of endogenous estrogen levels on exercise-related changes in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) of healthy, eumenorrheic, sedentary women. Volunteers were studied at two separates phases of the menstrual cycle (LO and HI estrogen phases), exercised on a semi-supine ergometer with escalating workload and monitored continuously by 12-lead ECG and automated blood pressure cuff. At each exercise stage, Doppler echocardiography measurements were obtained and analyzed to determine RVSP. Fourteen subjects (age 24 ± 5) were studied. Exercise duration was significantly higher on the HI estrogen day, but no significant differences in hemodynamic response to exercise were found between the two study days. There were also no significant differences with respect to heart rate (HR) acceleration during early exercise, as well as resting and peak RVSP, HR, blood pressure, and rate pressure product. Doppler-estimated RVSP demonstrated a linear relationship to HR at a ratio of 1 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 133.3224 Pa) for every 5 bpm (beats per minute) increase in HR. There were no differences in the slope of this relationship between HI and LO estrogen phases of the menstrual cycle. Our findings did not demonstrate any effect of endogenous estrogen levels on the modulation of the pulmonary vascular response to exercise in healthy women.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic Pulmonary to Left Atrial Ratio (ePLAR): A Comparison Study between Ironman Athletes, Age Matched Controls and A General Community Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran ◽  
Kwon ◽  
Holt ◽  
Kierle ◽  
Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
General Community

Background: During exercise there is a proportionally lower rise in systemic and pulmonary pressures compared to cardiac output due to reduced vascular resistance. Invasive exercise data suggest that systemic vascular resistance reduces more than pulmonary vascular resistance. The aim of this study was the non-invasive assessment of exercise hemodynamics in ironman athletes, compared with an age matched control group and a larger general community cohort. Methods: 20 ironman athletes (40 ± 11 years, 17 male) were compared with 20 age matched non-athlete controls (43 ± 7 years, 10 male) and a general community cohort of 230 non-athletes individuals (66 ± 11 years, 155 male), at rest and after maximal-symptom limited treadmill exercise stress echocardiography. Left heart parameters (mitral E-wave, e’-wave and E/e’) and right heart parameters (tricuspid regurgitation maximum velocity and right ventricular systolic pressure), were used to calculate the echocardiographic Pulmonary to Left Atrial Ratio (ePLAR) value of the three groups. Results: Athletes exercised for 12.2 ± 0.53 minutes, age matched controls for 10.1 ± 2.8 minutes and general community cohort for 8.3 ± 2.6 minutes. Mitral E/e’ rose slightly for athletes (0.9 ± 1.8), age matched controls (0.6 ± 3.0) and non-athletes (0.4 ± 3.2). Right ventricular systolic pressure increased significantly more in athletes than in both non-athlete cohorts (35.6 ± 17 mmHg vs. 20.4±10.8mmHg and 18 ± 9.6 mmHg). The marker of trans-pulmonary gradient, ePLAR, rose significantly more in athletes than in both non-athlete groups (0.15 ± 0.1 m/s vs. 0.07 ± 0.1 m/s). Conclusions: Pulmonary pressures increased proportionally four-fold compared with systemic pressures in ironman athletes. This increase in pulmonary vascular resistance corresponded with a two-fold increase in ePLAR. These changes were exaggerated compared with both non-ironman cohorts. Such changes have been previously suggested to lead to right ventricle dysfunction, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

scholarly journals Chronic Hypoxia Decreases Endothelial Connexin 40, Attenuates Endothelium‐Dependent Hyperpolarization–Mediated Relaxation in Small Distal Pulmonary Arteries, and Leads to Pulmonary Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Si ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jody Tori O. Cabrera ◽  
Qiuyu Zheng ◽  
Atsumi Tsuji‐Hosokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelium Dependent Relaxation

Background Abnormal endothelial function in the lungs is implicated in the development of pulmonary hypertension; however, there is little information about the difference of endothelial function between small distal pulmonary artery (PA) and large proximal PA and their contribution to the development of pulmonary hypertension. Herein, we investigate endothelium‐dependent relaxation in different orders of PAs and examine the molecular mechanisms by which chronic hypoxia attenuates endothelium‐dependent pulmonary vasodilation, leading to pulmonary hypertension. Methods and Results Endothelium‐dependent relaxation in large proximal PAs (second order) was primarily caused by releasing NO from the endothelium, whereas endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization (EDH)–mediated vasodilation was prominent in small distal PAs (fourth–fifth order). Chronic hypoxia abolished EDH‐mediated relaxation in small distal PAs without affecting smooth muscle–dependent relaxation. RNA‐sequencing data revealed that, among genes related to EDH, the levels of Cx37 , Cx40 , Cx43 , and IK were altered in mouse pulmonary endothelial cells isolated from chronically hypoxic mice in comparison to mouse pulmonary endothelial cells from normoxic control mice. The protein levels were significantly lower for connexin 40 (Cx40) and higher for connexin 37 in mouse pulmonary endothelial cells from hypoxic mice than normoxic mice. Cx40 knockout mice exhibited significant attenuation of EDH‐mediated relaxation and marked increase in right ventricular systolic pressure. Interestingly, chronic hypoxia led to a further increase in right ventricular systolic pressure in Cx40 knockout mice without altering EDH‐mediated relaxation. Furthermore, overexpression of Cx40 significantly decreased right ventricular systolic pressure in chronically hypoxic mice. Conclusions These data suggest that chronic hypoxia‐induced downregulation of endothelial Cx40 results in impaired EDH‐mediated relaxation in small distal PAs and contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension.

scholarly journals Retrospective single center cohort study: effect of intensive home hemodialysis on right ventricular systolic pressure and clinical outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Girsberger ◽  
Christopher T. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Home Hemodialysis ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure

Abstract Background Increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), a surrogate marker for pulmonary hypertension, is common in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Limited data suggest improvement of RVSP with intensive dialysis, but it is unknown whether these improvements translate to better clinical outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective single center cohort study at the Toronto General Hospital. All patients who performed intensive home hemodialysis (IHHD) for at least a year between 1999 and 2017, and who had a baseline as well as a follow-up echocardiogram more than a year after IHHD, were included. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the RVSP at follow-up: elevated (≥ 35 mmHg) and normal RVSP. Multivariate and cox regression analyses were done to identify risk factors for elevated RVSP at follow-up and reaching the composite endpoint (death, cardiovascular hospitalization, treatment failure), respectively. Results One hundred eight patients were included in the study. At baseline, 63% (68/108) of patients had normal RVSP and 37% (40/108) having elevated RVSP. After a follow-up of 4 years, 70% (76/108) patient had normal RVSP while 30% (32/108) had elevated RVSP. 8 (10%) out of the 76 patients with normal RVSP and 15 (47%) out of the 32 patients with elevated RVSP reached the composite endpoint of death, cardiovascular hospitalization or technique failure. In a multivariate analysis, age, diabetes and smoking were not associated with elevated RVSP at follow-up. Elevated RVSP at baseline was not associated with a higher likelihood in reaching the composite endpoint or mortality. Conclusion Mean RVSP did not increase in patients on IHHD over time, and maintenance of normal RVSP was associated with better clinical outcomes.

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