Healthy Sleep Associated With Lower Risk of Hypertension Regardless of Genetic Risk: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Background: Hypertension is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease and to mortality. The combined effects of sleep factors on the risk of hypertension are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of combined sleep factors on the risk of hypertension and to explore whether this association is independent of genetic risk.Methods: This population-based prospective cohort study included 170,378 participants from the UK Biobank study. We conducted a healthy sleep score based on a combination of major five sleep factors and a genetic risk score based on 118 risk variants. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: A total of 170,378 participants were included. Compared to participants with a healthy sleep score of 0–1, those with healthy sleep scores of 2 (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83–0.98), 3 (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75–0.88), 4 (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68–0.81), or 5 (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59–0.77) had increasingly lower risks of hypertension (P for trend <0.001). Participants with high genetic risk and an unfavorable sleep pattern had a 1.80-fold greater risk of hypertension than participants with low genetic risk and a favorable sleep pattern. The association between sleep patterns and hypertension persisted in subgroup analysis, stratified by the genetic risk. Nearly 18.2% of hypertension events in this cohort could be attributed to unfavorable sleep pattern.Conclusions: Favorable sleep pattern was associated with a low risk of hypertension, regardless of genetic risk. These findings highlight the potential of sleep interventions to reduce risk of hypertension across entire populations.

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Metformin use and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in a Swedish population-based cohort study

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/s41416-019-0598-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (10) ◽

pp. 877-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jiaojiao Zheng ◽

Shao-Hua Xie ◽

Giola Santoni ◽

Jesper Lagergren

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽

Population Based ◽

Matched Cohort ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Treatment Use

Abstract Background Whether or not the use of metformin decreases the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma is unclear. Methods This was a population-based cohort study in 2005–2015. Associations between metformin use and gastric non-cardia and cardia adenocarcinomas were examined within two cohorts; a diabetes cohort of participants using anti-diabetes medications, and a matched cohort of common-medication users, where metformin non-users were frequency matched (10:1) with metformin users for sex and age. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses provided hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for sex, age, calendar year, comorbidity, Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or aspirin and use of statins. Results During the follow-up for a median of 5.8 years, 892 (0.1%) participants in the diabetes cohort and 6395 (0.1%) participants in the matched cohort of common-medication users developed gastric adenocarcinoma. Metformin users had no significantly decreased risk of gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (diabetes cohort: HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.78–1.12; matched cohort: HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.18–1.42) or cardia adenocarcinoma (diabetes cohort: HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.09–2.02; matched cohort: HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.38–1.81) compared with non-users in both cohorts. Conclusions This cohort study with <10 years of follow-up suggests metformin use may not prevent gastric adenocarcinoma.

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Association between living with children and outcomes from covid-19: OpenSAFELY cohort study of 12 million adults in England

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.n628 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. n628 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Harriet Forbes ◽

Caroline E Morton ◽

Seb Bacon ◽

Helen I McDonald ◽

Caroline Minassian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Absolute Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Intensive Care Admission ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Uk

Abstract Objective To investigate whether risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) differed between adults living with and without children during the first two waves of the UK pandemic. Design Population based cohort study, on behalf of NHS England. Setting Primary care data and pseudonymously linked hospital and intensive care admissions and death records from England, during wave 1 (1 February to 31 August 2020) and wave 2 (1 September to 18 December 2020). Participants Two cohorts of adults (18 years and over) registered at a general practice on 1 February 2020 and 1 September 2020. Main outcome measures Adjusted hazard ratios for SARS-CoV-2 infection, covid-19 related admission to hospital or intensive care, or death from covid-19, by presence of children in the household. Results Among 9 334 392 adults aged 65 years and under, during wave 1, living with children was not associated with materially increased risks of recorded SARS-CoV-2 infection, covid-19 related hospital or intensive care admission, or death from covid-19. In wave 2, among adults aged 65 years and under, living with children of any age was associated with an increased risk of recorded SARS-CoV-2 infection (hazard ratio 1.06 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.08) for living with children aged 0-11 years; 1.22 (1.20 to 1.24) for living with children aged 12-18 years) and covid-19 related hospital admission (1.18 (1.06 to 1.31) for living with children aged 0-11; 1.26 (1.12 to 1.40) for living with children aged 12-18). Living with children aged 0-11 was associated with reduced risk of death from both covid-19 and non-covid-19 causes in both waves; living with children of any age was also associated with lower risk of dying from non-covid-19 causes. For adults 65 years and under during wave 2, living with children aged 0-11 years was associated with an increased absolute risk of having SARS-CoV-2 infection recorded of 40-60 per 10 000 people, from 810 to between 850 and 870, and an increase in the number of hospital admissions of 1-5 per 10 000 people, from 160 to between 161 and 165. Living with children aged 12-18 years was associated with an increase of 160-190 per 10 000 in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and an increase of 2-6 per 10 000 in the number of hospital admissions. Conclusions In contrast to wave 1, evidence existed of increased risk of reported SARS-CoV-2 infection and covid-19 outcomes among adults living with children during wave 2. However, this did not translate into a materially increased risk of covid-19 mortality, and absolute increases in risk were small.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Changes in the incidence, prevalence and mortality of bronchiectasis in the UK from 2004 to 2013: a population-based cohort study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725917838.793530591 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Adam Hill

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Population Based ◽

The Uk ◽

Incidence Prevalence

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Gender- and age-related differences of statin use on incident dementia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a Nationwide population-based cohort study

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-021-01465-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tsung-Kun Lin ◽

Jing-Yang Huang ◽

Lung-Fa Pan ◽

Gwo-Ping Jong

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Age Related ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Gender And Age ◽

New Onset

Abstract Background Some observational studies have found a significant association between the use of statin and a reduced risk of dementia. However, the results of these studies are unclear in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study is to determine the association between the use of statins and the incidence of dementia according to sex and age-related differences in patients with RA. Methods We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database (2003–2016). The primary outcome assessed was the risk of dementia by estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multiple Cox regression was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio of new-onset dementia. Subgroup analysis was also conducted. Results Among the 264,036 eligible patients with RA aged > 40 years, statin users were compared with non-statin users by propensity score matching at a ratio of 1:1 (25,764 in each group). However, no association was found between the use of statins and the risk of new-onset dementia (NOD) in patients with RA (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.97–1.06). The subgroup analysis identified the use of statin as having a protective effect against developing NOD in male and older patients. Conclusion No association was observed between the use of a statin and the risk of NOD in patients with RA, including patients of both genders and aged 40–60 years, but these parameters were affected by gender and age. The decreased risk of NOD in patients with RA was greater among older male patients. Use of a statin in older male (> 60 years) patients with RA may be needed in clinical practice to prevent dementia.

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Generalization of a genetic risk score for time to first albuminuria in children with sickle cell anaemia: SCCRIP cohort study results

British Journal of Haematology ◽

10.1111/bjh.17647 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara R. Rashkin ◽

Evadnie Rampersaud ◽

Guolian Kang ◽

Kenneth I. Ataga ◽

Jane S. Hankins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Study Results

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Persistence of Health Inequalities in Childhood Injury in the UK; A Population-Based Cohort Study of Children under 5

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0111631 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e111631 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Elizabeth Orton ◽

Denise Kendrick ◽

Joe West ◽

Laila J. Tata

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Health Inequalities ◽

Population Based ◽

Childhood Injury ◽

The Uk ◽

Children Under 5

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Independent and combined associations between fast-food outlet exposure and genetic risk for obesity: a population-based, cross-sectional study in the UK

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-021-01902-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Burgoine ◽

Pablo Monsivais ◽

Stephen J. Sharp ◽

Nita G. Forouhi ◽

Nicholas J. Wareham

Keyword(s):

Genetic Risk ◽

Fast Food ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Population Based ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Food Outlet ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fast Food Outlet ◽

Common Genetic Variants

Abstract Background Characteristics of the built environment, such as neighbourhood fast-food outlet exposure, are increasingly recognised as risk factors for unhealthy diet and obesity. Obesity also has a genetic component, with common genetic variants explaining a substantial proportion of population-level obesity susceptibility. However, it is not known whether and to what extent associations between fast-food outlet exposure and body weight are modified by genetic predisposition to obesity. Methods We used data from the Fenland Study, a population-based sample of 12,435 UK adults (mean age 48.6 years). We derived a genetic risk score associated with BMI (BMI-GRS) from 96 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. Neighbourhood fast-food exposure was defined as quartiles of counts of outlets around the home address. We used multivariable regression models to estimate the associations of each exposure, independently and in combination, with measured BMI, overweight and obesity, and investigated interactions. Results We found independent associations between BMI-GRS and risk of overweight (RR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.23–1.47) and obesity (RR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.55–1.93), and between fast-food outlet exposure and risk of obesity (highest vs lowest quartile RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.21–2.05). There was no evidence of an interaction of fast-food outlet exposure and genetic risk on BMI (P = 0.09), risk of overweight (P = 0.51), or risk of obesity (P = 0.27). The combination of higher BMI-GRS and highest fast-food outlet exposure was associated with 2.70 (95% CI 1.99–3.66) times greater risk of obesity. Conclusions Our study demonstrated independent associations of both genetic obesity risk and neighbourhood fast-food outlet exposure with adiposity. These important drivers of the obesity epidemic have to date been studied in isolation. Neighbourhood fast-food outlet exposure remains a potential target of policy intervention to prevent obesity and promote the public’s health.

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Validating the role of the Australian National University Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI) and a genetic risk score in progression to cognitive impairment in a population-based cohort of older adults followed for 12 years

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13195-017-0240-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Shea J. Andrews ◽

Ranmalee Eramudugolla ◽

Jorge I. Velez ◽

Nicolas Cherbuin ◽

Simon Easteal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Risk Index ◽

Population Based ◽

National University

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Differential cerebrovascular risks in glioblastoma and meningioma patients: a population-based matched cohort study in Wales (United Kingdom)

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noab195.028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. iv12-iv12

Author(s):

Michael T C Poon ◽

Kai Jin ◽

Paul M Brennan ◽

Jonine Figueroa ◽

Cathie Sudlow

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

General Population ◽

Ischaemic Stroke ◽

Population Based ◽

Parametric Models ◽

Matched Cohort ◽

Matched Cohort Study ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

History Of

Abstract Aims There is limited evidence on cerebrovascular risks in glioblastoma and meningioma patients. We aimed to compare cerebrovascular risks of these patients with the general population. Method We used population-based routine healthcare and administrative data linkage in this matched cohort study. Cases were adult glioblastoma and meningioma patients diagnosed in Wales 2000-2014 identified in the cancer registry. Controls from cancer-free general population were matched to cases (5:1 ratio) on age (±5 years), sex and GP practice. Factors included in multivariable models were age, sex, index of multiple deprivation, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, history of cardiovascular disease, and medications for cardiovascular diseases. Outcomes were fatal and non-fatal haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke. We used flexible parametric models adjusting for confounders to calculate the hazard ratios (HR). Results Final analytic population was 16,921 participants, of which 1,340 had glioblastoma and 1,498 had meningioma. The median follow-up time was 0.5 year for glioblastoma patients, 4.9 years for meningioma patients, and 6.6 years for controls. The number of haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke was 154 and 374 in the glioblastoma matched cohort, respectively, and 180 and 569 in the meningioma matched cohort, respectively. The adjusted HRs for haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke were 3.74 (95%CI 1.87-6.57) and 5.62 (95%CI 2.56-10.42) in glioblastoma patients, respectively, and were 2.42 (95%CI 1.58-3.52) and 1.86 (95%CI 1.54-2.23) in meningioma patients compared with their controls. Conclusion Glioblastoma and meningioma patients had higher cerebrovascular risks; these risks were even higher for glioblastoma patients. Further assessment of these potentially modifiable risks may improve survivorship.

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