scholarly journals Independent and combined associations between fast-food outlet exposure and genetic risk for obesity: a population-based, cross-sectional study in the UK

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Burgoine ◽  
Pablo Monsivais ◽  
Stephen J. Sharp ◽  
Nita G. Forouhi ◽  
Nicholas J. Wareham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fast Food Outlet ◽  
Common Genetic Variants

Abstract Background Characteristics of the built environment, such as neighbourhood fast-food outlet exposure, are increasingly recognised as risk factors for unhealthy diet and obesity. Obesity also has a genetic component, with common genetic variants explaining a substantial proportion of population-level obesity susceptibility. However, it is not known whether and to what extent associations between fast-food outlet exposure and body weight are modified by genetic predisposition to obesity. Methods We used data from the Fenland Study, a population-based sample of 12,435 UK adults (mean age 48.6 years). We derived a genetic risk score associated with BMI (BMI-GRS) from 96 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. Neighbourhood fast-food exposure was defined as quartiles of counts of outlets around the home address. We used multivariable regression models to estimate the associations of each exposure, independently and in combination, with measured BMI, overweight and obesity, and investigated interactions. Results We found independent associations between BMI-GRS and risk of overweight (RR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.23–1.47) and obesity (RR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.55–1.93), and between fast-food outlet exposure and risk of obesity (highest vs lowest quartile RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.21–2.05). There was no evidence of an interaction of fast-food outlet exposure and genetic risk on BMI (P = 0.09), risk of overweight (P = 0.51), or risk of obesity (P = 0.27). The combination of higher BMI-GRS and highest fast-food outlet exposure was associated with 2.70 (95% CI 1.99–3.66) times greater risk of obesity. Conclusions Our study demonstrated independent associations of both genetic obesity risk and neighbourhood fast-food outlet exposure with adiposity. These important drivers of the obesity epidemic have to date been studied in isolation. Neighbourhood fast-food outlet exposure remains a potential target of policy intervention to prevent obesity and promote the public’s health.

scholarly journals Development of a Genetic Risk Score to predict the risk of overweight and obesity in European adolescents from the HELENA study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Seral-Cortes ◽  
Sergio Sabroso-Lasa ◽  
Pilar De Miguel-Etayo ◽  
Marcela Gonzalez-Gross ◽  
Eva Gesteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Significant Snps ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Alleles

AbstractObesity is the result of interactions between genes and environmental factors. Since monogenic etiology is only known in some obesity-related genes, a genetic risk score (GRS) could be useful to determine the genetic predisposition to obesity. Therefore, the aim of our study was to build a GRS able to predict genetic predisposition to overweight and obesity in European adolescents. A total of 1069 adolescents (51.3% female), aged 11–19 years participating in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) cross-sectional study were genotyped. The sample was divided in non-overweight (non-OW) and overweight/obesity (OW/OB). From 611 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) available, a first screening of 104 SNPs univariately associated with obesity (p < 0.20) was established selecting 21 significant SNPs (p < 0.05) in the multivariate model. Unweighted GRS (uGRS) was calculated by summing the number of risk alleles and weighted GRS (wGRS) by multiplying the risk alleles to each estimated coefficient. The area under curve (AUC) was calculated in uGRS (0.723) and wGRS (0.734) using tenfold internal cross-validation. Both uGRS and wGRS were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (p < .001). Both GRSs could potentially be considered as useful genetic tools to evaluate individual’s predisposition to overweight/obesity in European adolescents.

scholarly journals Does neighborhood fast-food outlet exposure amplify inequalities in diet and obesity? A cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1540-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Burgoine ◽  
Nita G Forouhi ◽  
Simon J Griffin ◽  
Søren Brage ◽  
Nicholas J Wareham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fast Food Outlet

scholarly journals The interplay between fast-food outlet exposure, household food insecurity, and diet quality in disadvantaged districts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Laura A. van der Velde ◽  
Femke M. P. Zitman ◽  
Joreintje D. Mackenbach ◽  
Mattijs E. Numans ◽  
Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fast Food Outlet ◽  
Outlet Density

Abstract Objective The current study aimed to explore the interplay between food insecurity, fast-food outlet exposure, and dietary quality in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Design In this cross-sectional study, main associations between fast-food outlet density and proximity, food insecurity status and dietary quality were assessed using Generalized Estimating Equation analyses. We assessed potential moderation by fast-food outlet exposure in the association between food insecurity status and dietary quality by testing for effect modification between food insecurity status and fast-food outlet density and proximity. Setting A deprived urban area in the Netherlands. Participants We included 226 adult participants with at least one child below the age of 18 years living at home. Results Fast-food outlet exposure was not associated with experiencing food insecurity (fast-food outlet density: b=-0.026, 95%CI=-0.076; 0.024; fast-food outlet proximity: b=-0.003, 95%CI=-0.033; 0.026). Experiencing food insecurity was associated with lower dietary quality (b=-0.48 per unit increase, 95%CI=-0.94; -0.012). This association was moderated by fast-food outlet proximity (p-interaction=0.008), and stratified results revealed that the adverse effect of food insecurity on dietary quality was more pronounced for those with the nearest fast-food outlet located closer to the home. Conclusions Food insecurity but not fast-food outlet density is associated with dietary quality. However, the association between food insecurity and dietary quality may be modified by the food environment. These findings could inform policy-makers to promote a healthier food environment including less fast-food outlets, with particular emphasis on areas with high percentages of food insecure households.

scholarly journals Fast food intake among adolescents and measures of fast food outlet exposure: cross-sectional study in Denmark

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Svastisalee ◽  
J Schipperijn ◽  
S Ellegaard Jørgensen ◽  
T Pagh Pedersen ◽  
R Krølner
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fast Food Outlet

Dopamine Receptor Genes Modulate Associative Memory in Old Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Papenberg ◽  
Nina Becker ◽  
Beata Ferencz ◽  
Moshe Naveh-Benjamin ◽  
Erika J. Laukka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Score

Previous research shows that associative memory declines more than item memory in aging. Although the underlying mechanisms of this selective impairment remain poorly understood, animal and human data suggest that dopaminergic modulation may be particularly relevant for associative binding. We investigated the influence of dopamine (DA) receptor genes on item and associative memory in a population-based sample of older adults (n = 525, aged 60 years), assessed with a face–scene item associative memory task. The effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of DA D1 (DRD1; rs4532), D2 (DRD2/ANKK1/Taq1A; rs1800497), and D3 (DRD3/Ser9Gly; rs6280) receptor genes were examined and combined into a single genetic score. Individuals carrying more beneficial alleles, presumably associated with higher DA receptor efficacy (DRD1 C allele; DRD2 A2 allele; DRD3 T allele), performed better on associative memory than persons with less beneficial genotypes. There were no effects of these genes on item memory or other cognitive measures, such as working memory, executive functioning, fluency, and perceptual speed, indicating a selective association between DA genes and associative memory. By contrast, genetic risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) was associated with worse item and associative memory, indicating adverse effects of APOE ε4 and a genetic risk score for AD (PICALM, BIN1, CLU) on episodic memory in general. Taken together, our results suggest that DA may be particularly important for associative memory, whereas AD-related genetic variations may influence overall episodic memory in older adults without dementia.

scholarly journals Neighborhood food typologies, fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing among adolescents in Melbourne, Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Venurs HY Loh ◽  
Maartje P Poelman ◽  
Jenny Veitch ◽  
Sarah A McNaughton ◽  
Rebecca M Leech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Purchasing ◽  
Fast Food Outlet ◽  
Food Outlets

Abstract Objective: Despite the increased attention on neighborhood food environments and dietary behaviors, studies focusing on adolescents are limited. This study aims to characterize typologies of food environments surrounding adolescents and their associations with fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. Design: The number of food outlets (supermarket; green grocers; butcher/seafood/deli; bakeries; convenience stores; fast food/takeaways; café and restaurants) within a 1km buffer from home were determined using a Geographic Information System. Adolescents self-reported frequency of fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. Latent Profile Analysis was conducted to identify typologies of the food environment. Cross-sectional multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between food typologies, fast food outlet visitations and snack food purchasing to/from school. Setting: Melbourne, Australia Participants: 410 adolescents (mean age= 15.5 (SD=1.5) years) Results: Four distinct typologies of food outlets were identified: 1) limited variety/low number; 2) some variety/low number; 3) high variety/medium number; 4) high variety/high number. Adolescents living in Typologies 1 and 2 had three times higher odds of visiting fast food outlets ≥1 per week (Typology 1: OR= 3.71, 95%CI 1.23, 11.19; Typology 2: OR= 3.65, 95% CI 1.21, 10.99) than those living in Typology 4. No evidence of association was found between typologies of the food environments and snack food purchasing behavior to/from school among adolescents. Conclusion: Local government could emphasize an overall balance of food outlets when designing neighborhoods to reduce propensity for fast food outlet visitation among adolescents.

Lipid metabolism genetic risk score interacts with the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised and its components to influence the odds for dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional population-based survey in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Mieko de Meneses Fujii ◽  
Marina Maintinguer Norde ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg ◽  
Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni ◽  
Marcelo Macedo Rogero
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Population Based Survey

Background: Dyslipidemia can be influenced by genetic and dietary risk factors. Aim: This study set out to investigate diet and genetic variations in Brazilian people in a cross-sectional population-based survey and to analyze the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in lipid metabolism and cardiometabolic-related phenotypes using a genetic risk score (GRS). Methods: We recruited 228 adults (mean age 36.5 years) who participated in the Health Survey of São Paulo (HS-SP), Brazil. Clinical and anthropometric parameters, as well as the interaction between the GRS and the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) were evaluated. We analyzed the relationship between SNPs in APOA5 (rs662799), APOB (rs693, rs1367117), LDLR (rs688, rs5925) and LIPC (rs2070895, rs1800588) and cardiometabolic-related phenotypes using a GRS. Results: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels were associated with the BHEI-R ( p=0.026; β= −0.183) and with its SoFAAS component (solid fats, alcoholic beverages and added sugars) ( p=0.007; β=0.279). Non-HDL cholesterol levels were associated with the BHEI-R vegetable component ( p=0.015; β=0.002) and the meat, eggs and beans component ( p=0.003; β=0.007). Triacylglycerol levels were associated with the BHEI-R vegetable component ( p=0.027; β=0.003); the meat, eggs and beans component ( p=0.041; β=0.001); and the total protein component ( p=0.013; β=0.032). Significant effects were observed for the interactions between the GRS and both the BHEI-R oils component ( p=0.019) and the SoFAAS component ( p<0.001) on the dyslipidemia risk. Conclusions: The evaluation of dietary quality, especially fat quality, together with the lipid metabolism GRS could be a useful tool to manage cardiometabolic risk.

scholarly journals Prediction of Ankylosing Spondylitis in the HUNT Study by a Genetic Risk Score Combining 110 Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms of Genome-wide Significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Rostami ◽  
Mari Hoff ◽  
Matthew A. Brown ◽  
Kristian Hveem ◽  
Oddgeir L. Holmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Hunt Study

Objective.The genetic component of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) development is ∼90%. Of the known heritability, ∼20% is explained by HLA-B27, and 113 identified AS-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) account for ∼7.4%. The objectives were to construct a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) using currently known genome-wide susceptibility SNP, and to evaluate its predictive ability for AS in the Norwegian population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT).Methods.AS cases (n = 164) and controls (n = 49,032) were from the second (1995–1997) and third (2006–2008) waves of the HUNT study, to which the entire adult population of the northern region of Trøndelag was invited. A wGRS based on 110 SNP weighted by published OR for AS was constructed, representing each person’s carriage of all risk variants. Logistic regression models including the wGRS alone or in combination with HLA-B27 carrier state and other adjustment variables (sex, age, smoking, body mass index, and hypertension) were developed. Discrimination among models was compared using area under the curve (AUC).Results.The wGRS was associated with AS (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4–2.1), but showed low discrimination (AUC 0.62, 95% CI 0.58–0.67). HLA-B27 was significantly associated with AS (OR 50, 95% CI 32–81), showing high discrimination (AUC 0.88, 95% CI 0.85–0.90). Combining the wGRS and HLA-B27 improved prediction (AUC 0.90, 95% CI 0.87–0.92; p < 0.001 vs wGRS alone, p < 0.01 vs HLA-B27 alone). Further inclusion of adjustment variables gave a small improvement (AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.89–0.94; p = 0.03).Conclusion.Prediction in a population-based setting based on all currently known AS susceptibility SNP was better than HLA-B27 carrier state alone, although the improvement was small and of uncertain clinical value.

scholarly journals The Polymorphism rs2293855 MTMR9 Gene and Genetic Score Are Associated With Higher Atherogenic Risk in Brazilian Schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Silva ◽  
Cristina Maria Mendes Resende ◽  
Maíra Barros Louro ◽  
Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro ◽  
Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brazilian Children

Abstract Purpose: Evaluate the associations of FTO (rs9939609), MC4R (rs17782313), MTMR9 (rs2293855), and the genetic score with atherogenic risk in Brazilian children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 544 children aged 4 to 9 years old. We obtained sociodemographic and lifestyle data by questionnaires, and biological sample (DNA) through oral swab. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) FTO (rs9939609), MC4R (rs17782313), and MTMR9 (rs2293855) were identified by the system taqman SNP genotyping and evaluated the obesity-related genetic risk score. Blood samples were collected for the lipid profile analysis (serum total cholesterol, HDLc, LDL-c, triglycerides). The atherogenic indexes (Castelli I and II indexes, atherogenic coefficient - AC, lipoprotein combination index - LCI and plasma atherogenic index - AIP) were calculated. We compared the distributions of outcomes (lipid profile and atherogenic indexes) by genotype categories using multivariable linear regression. Results: Children with AG/AA genotypes in the polymorphism MTMR9 (rs2293855), had lower HDL-c level and higher TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c ratios, and AC. Those with one or more polymorphisms (FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, and MTMR9 rs2293855) in the genetic risk score had lower HDL-c and higher TC/HDL-c, AC, LCI, and AIP. Conclusion: The risk allele (AG/AA) of the MTMR9 (rs2293855) and the higher obesity-related genetic risk score were positively associated with higher atherogenic risk in Brazilian children.

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