scholarly journals Medication Name Comprehension of Intelligent Virtual Assistants: A Comparison of Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple Siri Between 2019 and 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Palanica ◽  
Yan Fossat
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
The Past ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Software Algorithms ◽  
Digital Healthcare ◽  
Comprehension Accuracy

The current study was a replication and comparison of our previous research which examined the comprehension accuracy of popular intelligent virtual assistants, including Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple Siri for recognizing the generic and brand names of the top 50 most dispensed medications in the United States. Using the exact same voice recordings from 2019, audio clips of 46 participants were played back to each device in 2021. Google Assistant achieved the highest comprehension accuracy for both brand medication names (86.0%) and generic medication names (84.3%), followed by Apple Siri (brand names = 78.4%, generic names = 75.0%), and the lowest accuracy by Amazon Alexa (brand names 64.2%, generic names = 66.7%). These findings represent the same trend of results as our previous research, but reveal significant increases of ~10–24% in performance for Amazon Alexa and Apple Siri over the past 2 years. This indicates that the artificial intelligence software algorithms have improved to better recognize the speech characteristics of complex medication names, which has important implications for telemedicine and digital healthcare services.

scholarly journals Providing Hearing Education and Resources for Underserved Populations (HEAR-UP) in our Local Neighborhoods

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Kathleen Costigan Coyan ◽  
Elaine Mormer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
The Past

AbstractHealthcare services in the United States are difficult to access for at least 10% of our population. Moreover, hearing healthcare services, including hearing aids, are largely inaccessible even for those individuals who may have health insurance and access to healthcare. Humanitarian audiology has been recognized as a means of supplying hearing services and devices to underserved populations around the globe. However, little has been publicized about humanitarian audiology projects taking place in local communities within the United States. This article describes one such project that has been in place in Pittsburgh, PA, for the past 4 years. This service results from collaboration across a collection of healthcare, community service, charitable, and educational organizations. The resources necessary to create similarly sourced services in other U.S. locations are described. Challenges and solutions for this local form of humanitarian audiology are discussed.

Hype around artificial intelligence set to settle

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Explainable Ai

Subject Prospect for artificial intelligence applications. Significance Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly those using 'deep learning', have in the past five years helped to automate many tasks previously outside the capabilities of computers. There are signs that the feverish pace of progress seen recently is slowing. Impacts Western legislation will make companies responsible for preventing decisions based on biased AI. Advances in 'explainable AI' will be rapid. China will be a major research player in AI technologies, alongside the United States, Japan and Europe.

Pharmaceuticals and Public Policy: A Look Ahead

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart O. Schweitzer ◽  
Z. John Lu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Market Equilibrium ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bundled Payment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pharmaceutical Prices ◽  
Digital Healthcare

Recognizing that the past often does not predict the future well, this chapter nevertheless offers prescience for the pharmaceutical industry in the next five to ten years. Using the standard economics paradigm of supply, demand, and market equilibrium, it considers the future of the industry in the following aspects: industrial organization, the nascent biosimilar sector, the promise of personalized medicine and digital healthcare information, artificial intelligence, the prospects for outpatient bundled payment programs, the setting of pharmaceutical prices, and the role of the FDA. The most important among them will be the scope and nature of health care reform in the United States and the jurisdiction of the FDA in the coming years.

Expert System Applications to Ocean Shipping—A Status Report

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 265-284
Author(s):  
John J. Dumbleton
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ocean Shipping ◽  
The World

Artificial intelligence has been emerging as one of the fastest growing technologies during the past five years. One subset of this discipline that has experienced phenomenal growth, when measured by spending levels by the commercial sector and all levels of government, is that of Expert Systems. The development of Expert Systems applications for shipping operations has also been growing, albeit at a somewhat slower rate. However, a number of very innovative systems are nearing completion in the United States, as well as in Europe and Asia, that will radically change how vessels are operated and managed. This paper provides an overview of Expert Systems concepts, a discussion of the Maritime Administration's program of research and implementation of this technology, and a review of systems and other projects that are nearing completion in the United States as well as abroad. The paper concludes with prospects for future development of Expert Systems as the merchant fleets of the world look for ways to improve their competitiveness.

International Research and Variation in Views of Ethnicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ella Inglebret ◽  
Amy Skinder-Meredith ◽  
Shana Bailey ◽  
Carla Jones ◽  
Ashley France
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classification System ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Publication Patterns

The authors in this article first identify the extent to which research articles published in three American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) journals included participants, age birth to 18 years, from international backgrounds (i.e., residence outside of the United States), and go on to describe associated publication patterns over the past 12 years. These patterns then provide a context for examining variation in the conceptualization of ethnicity on an international scale. Further, the authors examine terminology and categories used by 11 countries where research participants resided. Each country uses a unique classification system. Thus, it can be expected that descriptions of the ethnic characteristics of international participants involved in research published in ASHA journal articles will widely vary.

Accent Modification for Speakers With Indian Accents: Speech Characteristics and an Assessment Framework

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amee P. Shah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Indian ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Accent Modification ◽  
Key Questions

In this paper, I present accent-related variations unique to Asian-Indian speakers of English in the United States and identify specific speech and language features that contribute to an “Indian accent.” I present a model to answer some key questions related to assessment of Indian accents and help set a strong foundation for accent modification services.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

EDITORIAL: Migration and competitiveness: Japan and the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Past Half

Japan and the United States, the world’s largest economies for most of the past half century, have very different immigration policies. Japan is the G7 economy most closed to immigrants, while the United States is the large economy most open to immigrants. Both Japan and the United States are debating how immigrants are and can con-tribute to the competitiveness of their economies in the 21st centuries. The papers in this special issue review the employment of and impacts of immigrants in some of the key sectors of the Japanese and US economies, including agriculture, health care, science and engineering, and construction and manufacturing. For example, in Japanese agriculture migrant trainees are a fixed cost to farmers during the three years they are in Japan, while US farmers who hire mostly unauthorized migrants hire and lay off workers as needed, making labour a variable cost.

Democratic Legitimacy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Rosanvallon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
International Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Democratic Authority ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Western Democracies

It's a commonplace occurrence that citizens in Western democracies are disaffected with their political leaders and traditional democratic institutions. But this book argues that this crisis of confidence is partly a crisis of understanding. The book makes the case that the sources of democratic legitimacy have shifted and multiplied over the past thirty years and that we need to comprehend and make better use of these new sources of legitimacy in order to strengthen our political self-belief and commitment to democracy. Drawing on examples from France and the United States, the book notes that there has been a major expansion of independent commissions, NGOs, regulatory authorities, and watchdogs in recent decades. At the same time, constitutional courts have become more willing and able to challenge legislatures. These institutional developments, which serve the democratic values of impartiality and reflexivity, have been accompanied by a new attentiveness to what the book calls the value of proximity, as governing structures have sought to find new spaces for minorities, the particular, and the local. To improve our democracies, we need to use these new sources of legitimacy more effectively and we need to incorporate them into our accounts of democratic government. This book is an original contribution to the vigorous international debate about democratic authority and legitimacy.

The Riddle of a Common History

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Tenorio-Trillo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Textbook ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Constant Part ◽  
Intrinsic Component

By identifying two general issues in recent history textbook controversies worldwide (oblivion and inclusion), this article examines understandings of the United States in Mexico's history textbooks (especially those of 1992) as a means to test the limits of historical imagining between U. S. and Mexican historiographies. Drawing lessons from recent European and Indian historiographical debates, the article argues that many of the historical clashes between the nationalist historiographies of Mexico and the United States could be taught as series of unsolved enigmas, ironies, and contradictions in the midst of a central enigma: the persistence of two nationalist historiographies incapable of contemplating their common ground. The article maintains that lo mexicano has been a constant part of the past and present of the US, and lo gringo an intrinsic component of Mexico's history. The di erences in their historical tracks have been made into monumental ontological oppositions, which are in fact two tracks—often overlapping—of the same and shared con ictual and complex experience.

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