Intermittent Growth of a Newly-Born Volcanic Island and Its Feeding System Revealed by Geological and Geochemical Monitoring 2013–2020, Nishinoshima, Ogasawara, Japan

The island-forming Nishinoshima eruptions in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, provide a rare opportunity to examine how the terrestrial part of Earth’s surface increases via volcanism. Here, the sequence of recent eruptive activity of Nishinoshima is described based on long-term geological and geochemical monitoring of eruptive products. Processes of island growth and temporal changes in the magma chemistry are discussed. The growth of Nishinoshima was sustained by the effusion of low-viscosity andesite lava flows since 2013. The lava flows spread radially with numerous branches, resulting in compound lava flows. Lava flows form the coherent base of the new volcanic edifice; however, pyroclastic eruptions further developed the subaerial volcanic edifice. The duration of three consecutive eruptive episodes decreased from 2 years to a week through the entire eruptive sequence, with a decreasing eruptive volume and discharge rate through time. However, the latest, fourth episode was the most intense and largest, with a magma discharge rate on the order of 106 m3/day. The temporal change in the chemical composition of the magma indicates that more mafic magma was involved in the later episodes. The initial andesite magma with ∼60 wt% SiO2 changed to basaltic andesite magma with ∼55 wt% SiO2, including olivine phenocryst, during the last episode. The eruptive behavior and geochemical characteristics suggest that the 2013–2020 Nishinoshima eruption was fueled by magma resulting from the mixing of silicic and mafic components in a shallow reservoir and by magma episodically supplied from deeper reservoirs. The lava effusion and the occasional explosive eruptions, sustained by the discharge of magma caused by the interactions of these multiple magma reservoirs at different depths, contributed to the formation and growth of the new Nishinoshima volcanic island since 2013. Comparisons with several examples of island-forming eruptions in shallow seas indicate that a long-lasting voluminous lava effusion with a discharge rate on the order of at least 104 m3/day (annual average) to 105 m3/day (monthly average) is required for the formation and growth of a new volcanic island with a diameter on km-scale that can survive sea-wave erosion over the years.

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Late Pliocene volcanic island growth and flood basalt-like lava emplacement in the Hyblean Mountains (SE Sicily)

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/2003jb002937 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 109 (B9) ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Boris Behncke

Keyword(s):

Flood Basalt ◽

Volcanic Island ◽

Island Growth ◽

Late Pliocene ◽

Lava Emplacement

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Analyzing the 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano using satellite remote sensing and numerical modeling of lava flows

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5750 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ciro Del Negro ◽

Gaetana Ganci ◽

Annalisa Cappello ◽

Giuseppe Bilotta ◽

Claudia Corradino

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Numerical Modeling ◽

Lava Flow ◽

Satellite Remote Sensing ◽

Discharge Rate ◽

Lava Flows ◽

Maximum Speed ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Monitoring Networks ◽

Maximum Extent

The 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano, situated at the southeast end of the Danakil Alps in Eritrea, has been the first historical on record and one of the largest eruptions of the last decade. Due to the remote location of the Nabro volcano and the lack of data from ground monitoring networks at the time of the eruption, satellite remote sensing gives the first global view of the event, providing insights on its evolution over time. Here we used numerical modeling and high spatial resolution satellite data (i.e. EO-ALI, ASTER, PlanetScope) to track the path and velocity of lava flows and to reconstruct the pre- and post-eruptive topographies in order to quantify the total bulk volume emitted. High temporal resolution images (i.e. SEVIRI and MODIS) were exploited to estimate the time-averaged discharge rate (TADR) and assess the dense rock equivalent (DRE) lava volumes constrained by the topographic approach. Finally, satellite-derived parameters were used as input and validation tags for the numerical modelling of lava flow scenarios, offering further insights into the eruption and emplacement dynamics. We found that the total volume of deposits, calculated from differences of digital elevation models (DEMs), is about 580 &#215; 106 m3, of which about 336 &#215; 106 m3 is the volume of the main lava flow that advanced eastward beyond the caldera. Multi-spectral satellite observations indicate that the main lava flow had reached its maximum extent (&#8764;16&#160;km) within about 4 days of the eruption onset on midnight 12 June. Lava flow simulations driven by satellite-derived parameters allow building an understanding of the advance rate and maximum extent of the main lava flow showing that it is likely to have reached 10.5 km in one day with a maximum speed of ~0.44 km/h.

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Morphological variation in Gallotia atlantica from the volcanic island of Lanzarote: subspecies designations and recent lava flows

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00496.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 395-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

PAUL BLOOR ◽

RICHARD P. BROWN

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variation ◽

Lava Flows ◽

Volcanic Island

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Heat transfer in volcano–ice interactions on Mars: synthesis of environments and implications for processes and landforms

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/172756407782282570 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

James W. Head ◽

Lionel Wilson

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Ice Sheet ◽

Volcanic Edifice ◽

Lava Flows ◽

Substrate Interface ◽

Glacial Origin ◽

Subglacial Volcanism

AbstractWe review new advances in volcano–ice interactions on Mars and focus additional attention on (1) recent analyses of the mechanisms of penetration of the cryosphere by dikes and sills; (2) documentation of the glacial origin of huge fan-shaped deposits on the northwest margins of the Tharis Montes and evidence for abundant volcano–ice interactions during the later Amazonian period of volcanic edifice construction and (3) the circumpolar Hesperian-aged Dorsa Argentea Formation, interpreted as an ice sheet and displaying marginal features (channels, lakes and eskers) indicative of significant melting and interior features interpreted to be due to volcano–ice interactions (e.g. subglacial volcanic edifices, pits, basins, channels and eskers). In this context, we describe and analyse several stages and types of volcano–ice interactions: (1) magmatic interactions with ice-rich parts of the cryosphere; (2) subglacial volcanism represented by intrusion under and into the ice and formation of dikes and moberg-like ridges, intrusion of sills at the glacier–volcano substrate interface and their evolution into subglacial lava flows, formation of subglacial edifices, marginal melting and channels; (3) synglacial (ice contact) volcanism represented by flows banking up against glacier margins, chilling and forming remnant ridges and (4) post-glacial volcanism and interactions with ice deposits.

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Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800009572 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 175-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J. G. Maund ◽

D. C. Rex ◽

A. P. Le Roex ◽

D. L. Reid

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Volcanic Activity ◽

Field Work ◽

Lava Flows ◽

Volcanic Island ◽

Volcanic Stratigraphy ◽

Angular Unconformity ◽

Gough Island ◽

Dyke Intrusion ◽

Three Phases

AbstractRecent field work on Gough Island combined with K–Ar dating of the lavas requires revision of the age and volcanic stratigraphy. Four main periods of volcanic activity on the island are recognized. These comprise the eruption of the Older Basalt Group which ranges in age from 2.5 to 0.52 Ma, the intrusion of aegerine-augite trachyte plugs (0.8−0.47 Ma), voluminous trachyte extrusion (0.30–0.12 Ma) and finally to eruption of the Edinburgh Basalt (0.20–0.13 Ma).Within the Older Basalt Group three phases of activity can be recognized; the earliest involving the eruption of pillow basalts and hyaloclastites when the island emerged from below sea level. This was followed by subaerial as-type lava flows and also dyke intrusion (phase two) which probably contributed to forming a large shield-type volcanic island, which in turn supported the eruption and deposition of flat-lying flows on an angular unconformity (phase three). Intrusion of aegirine-augite trachyte plugs occurred concurrently with the latter stages of Older Basalt eruption. After a period of considerable erosion the voluminous trachyte lavas and pyroclastics were erupted. The Edinburgh Basalt, erupted in the vicinity of Edinburgh Peak, represents the youngest volcanic activity on the island.

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COMPLEX GEOLOGICAL-GEOPHYSICAL STUDIES OF THE UNDERWATER VOLCANO 7.10 (KURIL ISLAND ARC)

Bulletin of Kamchatka Regional Association «Educational-Scientific Center» Earth Sciences ◽

10.31431/1816-5524-2022-3-51-23-40 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 23-40

Author(s):

Yu.I. Blokh ◽

◽

V.I. Bondarenko ◽

A.S. Dolgal ◽

P.N. Novikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lava Flow ◽

Kuril Island ◽

Volcanic Edifice ◽

Island Arc ◽

Lava Flows ◽

Submarine Volcano ◽

Magma Chambers ◽

The North ◽

Minimum Depth ◽

Kuril Island Arc

Submarine volcano 7.10, which is part of the North Iturup group of submarine volcanoes of the Kuril island arc, was studied in 5 voyages of the research vessel Vulkanolog in 1982–1989. Comprehensive studies have shown that the edifice of the 7.10 submarine volcano is composed of rocks of a range from dacites to basalts. The summit and slopes of the volcano are devoid of sediments, and the base is overlain by a sedimentary stratum, thickness of which reaches 800 m. The minimum depth recorded above the top of the volcano is 210 m. In the volcanic edifice, subvertical, northeastern and northwestern feeder channels, as well as peripheral magma chambers at depths of 2.5–3.0 km, were identified. It is assumed that during the terminal eruption, small lava flows poured out in the northeast and southwest directions, while the main lava flow poured out in the southeast direction and reached the base of the volcanic edifice.

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Glaciovolcanic emplacement of an intermediate hydroclastic breccia-lobe complex during the penultimate glacial period (190–130 ka), Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand

Geological Society of America Bulletin ◽

10.1130/b35297.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 132 (9-10) ◽

pp. 1903-1913 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.P. Cole ◽

J.D.L. White ◽

D.B. Townsend ◽

G.S. Leonard ◽

C.E. Conway

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Tectonic Setting ◽

Volcanic Edifice ◽

Lava Flows ◽

Glacial Period ◽

Intermediate Composition ◽

Summit Area ◽

Explosive Fragmentation ◽

Steep Topography ◽

Ruapehu Volcano

Abstract An intermediate-composition hydroclastic breccia deposit is exposed in the upper reaches of a deep glacial valley at Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand, indicating an ancient accumulation of water existed near the current summit area. Lobate intrusions within the deposit have variably fluidal and brecciated margins, and are inferred to have been intruded while the deposit was wet and unconsolidated. The tectonic setting, elevation of Ruapehu, and glacial evidence suggest that the deposit-forming eruption took place in meltwater produced from an ancient glacier. The breccia-lobe complex is inferred to have been emplaced at > 154 ± 12 ka, during the penultimate glacial period (190–130 ka) when Ruapehu’s glaciers were more extensive than today. This age is based on overlying radiometrically dated lava flows, and by correlation with a well-constrained geochemical stratigraphy for Ruapehu. Field relations indicate that the glacier was at least 150 m thick, and ubiquitous quench textures and jigsaw-fit fracturing suggest that the clastic deposit was formed from non-explosive fragmentation of lava in standing water. Such features are unusual for the high flanks of a volcanic edifice where steep topography typically hinders accumulation of water or thick ice, and hence the formation and retention of hydroclastic material. Although not well-constrained for this time, the vent configuration at Ruapehu is inferred to have contributed to an irregular edifice morphology, allowing thick ice to locally accumulate and meltwater to be trapped.

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Electron Microscopy Studies of The Chemistry And Microstructure of BaF2 / YBa2Cu3O7-x Thin Films

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100171717 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 796-797

Author(s):

J. L. Lee ◽

C. A. Weiss ◽

R. A. Buhrman ◽

J. Silcox

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thin Films ◽

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

Island Growth ◽

Multilayer Systems ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

Mgo Substrate

BaF2 thin films are being investigated as candidates for use in YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) / BaF2 thin film multilayer systems, given the favorable dielectric properties of BaF2. In this study, the microstructural and chemical compatibility of BaF2 thin films with YBCO thin films is examined using transmission electron microscopy and microanalysis. The specimen was prepared by using laser ablation to first deposit an approximately 2500 Å thick (0 0 1) YBCO thin film onto a (0 0 1) MgO substrate. An approximately 7500 Å thick (0 0 1) BaF2 thin film was subsequendy thermally evaporated onto the YBCO film.Images from a VG HB501A UHV scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) operating at 100 kV show that the thickness of the BaF2 film is rather uniform, with the BaF2/YBCO interface being quite flat. Relatively few intrinsic defects, such as hillocks and depressions, were evident in the BaF2 film. Moreover, the hillocks and depressions appear to be faceted along {111} planes, suggesting that the surface is smooth and well-ordered on an atomic scale and that an island growth mechanism is involved in the evolution of the BaF2 film.

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