Transcranial Sonography in the Diagnosis of Pituitary Tumor—A Direct Comparison With MRI

BackgroundTranscranial sonography (TCS) is a convenient tool for detecting certain brain diseases, such as brain tumors. Few studies have reported on the use of TCS in the area of Sella turcica. The accuracy and repeatability of Sella turcica with or without pituitary tumor is not clear.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of TCS to measure the size of Sella turcica according to the measurement in MRI and determine its diagnostic performance in individuals with pituitary tumor.Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional comparative study, healthy volunteers and patients with pituitary tumor were enrolled for examination of TCS and MRI between October 2020 and July 2021. The transverse diameter (D1, cm) of Sella turcica and the volume of the pituitary tumor were measured by TCS and MRI, respectively, and compared by using Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney test, using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to analyze the diagnostic value of D1 in TCS for pituitary tumor.ResultsA total of 75 healthy volunteers and 51 patients with pituitary tumor were evaluated. In healthy volunteers, the mean D1 was 1.30 ± 0.35 (range, 0.82–3.22) by TCS and 1.32 ± 0.29 (range, 0.94–3.02) by MRI (P = 0.054). In patients with pituitary tumor, the mean D1 was 2.0 ± 0.65 (range, 0.90–3.48) by TCS and 2.42 ± 1.0 (range, 0.80–4.70) by MRI (P = 0.000). The median measurement volume was 4.41 and 6.59 cm3 in TCS and MR, respectively (P = 0.000). The mean D1 was 1.31 ± 0.35 in healthy volunteers and 2.0 ± 0.65 cm in patients with pituitary tumor (P = 0.000). In the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve was 0.836, and the optimal cutoff value (1.56) exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of 67.31 and 88.0%, respectively.ConclusionThe consistency between the two imaging technologies performed well in D1 measurement, while the volume of the pituitary tumor was smaller as assessed by TCS than by MRI. D1 in TCS had good diagnostic performance in pituitary tumor.

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Sella Turcica Dimensions and Morphology in a Yoruba Ethnic Population: A Computed Tomography Study

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research ◽

10.52403/ijhsr.20210941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 270-276

Author(s):

Okon Etim Bassey ◽

Hyacienth Uche Chiegwu ◽

Chistopher Chukwuemeka Ohagwu

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Sella Turcica ◽

Ct Images ◽

Cranial Computed Tomography ◽

Transverse Diameter ◽

Ethnic Population ◽

Male And Female ◽

Anteroposterior Diameter ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: Several sellar and parasellar pathologies affect the size and shape of sella turcica. A deviation from normal dimensions of sella turcica could be an indication of a pathological condition of the structure itself or the pituitary gland. Aim: This study was designed to assess the dimensions and morphology of the sella turcica of Yoruba ethnic population using cranial computed tomography (CT) images. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 321 cranial CT images of the Yoruba subjects acquired in a tertiary health institution between January 2020 and April 2021. The sella turcica length, depth and anteroposterior diameter were measured using the digital calipers of the CT system while sella morphological shape was determined qualitatively by observing the floor of sella in the midsagittal slice and quantitatively by taking the ratio of superoinferior diameter to the transverse diameter. Result: In general, the mean and standard deviation value of sella turcica length was 12.2±`2.35mm. The mean sella length for males was 12.62`±2.50 and that for females was 11.69 ±`2.04mm. The result showed that males’ sella length differed significantly from that of females (t=3.635, p=0.000). A significant difference was noted between the sella depths of the two genders (p=0.032). The total mean anteroposterior diameter (APD) of sella turcica was 13.4`± 2.47mm. Male and female mean diameters were 13.6`± 2.45mm and 13.3±`2.17mm respectively. No significant difference was noted in sella length and APD across the age categories but sella depth showed a significant difference, which was noted to only exist between early adulthood (≤34 years) and late adulthood (≥65) (p=0.027). No statistically significant association was noted between sella shape and gender (c2=3.124, p=0.210) as well as age (c2=9.336, p=0.156). Conclusion: Only the mean sella length and depth differ significantly between male and female genders. Anteroposterior diameter is the same irrespective of gender. The sella turcica dimensions obtained from this study will serve as reference values for physicians in the assessment of sellar and parasellar pathologies in the study population. Key words: Computed tomography, sella turcica, morphology.

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Performance of shear-wave elastography for breast masses using different region-of-interest (ROI) settings

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185117735562 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 789-797 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ji Hyun Youk ◽

Eun Ju Son ◽

Kyunghwa Han ◽

Hye Mi Gweon ◽

Jeong-Ah Kim

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽

Shear Wave ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Region Of Interest ◽

Shear Wave Elastography ◽

Breast Masses ◽

The Mean

Background Various size and shape of region of interest (ROI) can be applied for shear-wave elastography (SWE). Purpose To investigate the diagnostic performance of SWE according to ROI settings for breast masses. Material and Methods To measure elasticity for 142 lesions, ROIs were set as follows: circular ROIs 1 mm (ROI-1), 2 mm (ROI-2), and 3 mm (ROI-3) in diameter placed over the stiffest part of the mass; freehand ROIs drawn by tracing the border of mass (ROI-M) and the area of peritumoral increased stiffness (ROI-MR); and circular ROIs placed within the mass (ROI-C) and to encompass the area of peritumoral increased stiffness (ROI-CR). Mean (Emean), maximum (Emax), and standard deviation (ESD) of elasticity values and their areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUCs) for diagnostic performance were compared. Results Means of Emean and ESD significantly differed between ROI-1, ROI-2, and ROI-3 ( P < 0.0001), whereas means of Emax did not ( P = 0.50). For ESD, ROI-1 (0.874) showed a lower AUC than ROI-2 (0.964) and ROI-3 (0.975) ( P < 0.002). The mean ESD was significantly different between ROI-M and ROI-MR and between ROI-C and ROI-CR ( P < 0.0001). The AUCs of ESD in ROI-M and ROI-C were significantly lower than in ROI-MR ( P = 0.041 and 0.015) and ROI-CR ( P = 0.007 and 0.004). Conclusion Shear-wave elasticity values and their diagnostic performance vary based on ROI settings and elasticity indices. Emax is recommended for the ROIs over the stiffest part of mass and an ROI encompassing the peritumoral area of increased stiffness is recommended for elastic heterogeneity of mass.

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Combination of Salivary Gland Ultrasonography and Virtual Touch Quantification for Diagnosis of Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Preliminary Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/2793898 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shaoqi Chen ◽

Yukai Wang ◽

Guohong Zhang ◽

Shigao Chen

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Classification Tree ◽

Sicca Syndrome ◽

Parotid Glands ◽

Submandibular Glands ◽

Promising Tool ◽

The Mean ◽

Preliminary Study

A total of 136 subjects (51 SS patients, 35 sicca syndrome patients without SS, and 50 healthy volunteers) were enrolled in this study. The mean SWV value for salivary glands of SS patients was statistically higher than that of controls (2.81 ± 0.66 m/s versus 1.85 ± 0.28 m/s for parotid glands and 2.29 ± 0.34 m/s versus 1.82 ± 0.25 m/s for submandibular glands, resp.). Combining SWV values of parotid and submandibular glands gives a sensitivity of 88.2% (95% CI: 76.1–95.6%) and specificity of 96.0% (95% CI: 86.3–99.5%) at the cutoff point of 2.19 m/s, with an AUROC of 0.954 (95% CI: 0.893–0.986). In addition, combining SGUS score and SWV value yields a sensitivity of 98.0% (95% CI: 89.6–100%), specificity of 90.0% (95% CI: 78.2–96.7%), and AUROC of 0.962 (95% CI: 0.904–0.990). Classification tree considering the sequential use of SGUS score and SWV value achieved 92.1% accuracy for diagnosis of SS. Similarly, the ROC curve of combined SGUS scores and SWV values yields an AUROC of 0.954 (95% CI: 0.885–0.987), sensitivity of 97.1% (95% CI: 85.1–99.9%), and specificity of 92.2% (95% CI: 81.1–97.8%) for separating sicca syndrome patients (without SS) from SS patients. Combining SGUS and VTQ provides a promising tool for diagnosis of SS.

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Normalisation of the psychometric encephalopathy score within the Cameroonian population

BMC Gastroenterology ◽

10.1186/s12876-021-01858-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Larissa Pessidjo Djomatcho ◽

Mathurin Pierre Kowo ◽

Antonin Ndjitoyap Ndam ◽

Sylvain Raoul Simeni Njonnou ◽

Gabin Ulrich Kenfack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Education Level ◽

Multicentric Study ◽

Tracing Test ◽

Cirrhotic Patients ◽

The Mean ◽

Number Connection Test

Abstract Background Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is the presence of neuropsychological abnormalities detectable by psychometric tests. Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) is a gold standard test for the early diagnosis of MHE in cirrhotic patients. The aim of this study was to standardize the PHES in a healthy Cameroonian population and to evaluate the prevalence of MHE among cirrhotic patients. Methods This was a prospective, multicentric study from 1 December 2018 to 31 July 2019 in two groups: healthy volunteers and cirrhotic patients without clinical signs of hepatic encephalopathy. The results of the number connection test-A, number connection test-B, serial dotting test, line tracing test were expressed in seconds and those of the digit symbol test in points. Results A total of 102 healthy volunteers (54 men, 48 women) and 50 cirrhotic patients (29 men, 31 women) were included. The mean age was 38.1 ± 12.55 years in healthy volunteers and 49.3 ± 15.6 years in cirrhotic patients. The mean years of education level was 11.63 ± 4.20 years in healthy volunteers and 9.62 ± 3.9 years in cirrhotic patients. The PHES of the healthy volunteer group was − 0.08 ± 1.28 and the cut-off between normal and pathological values was set at − 3 points. PHES of the cirrhotic patients was − 7.66 ± 5.62 points and significantly lower than that of volunteers (p < 0.001). Prevalence of MHE was 74% among cirrhotic patients. Age and education level were associated with MHE. Conclusion PHES cut-off value in Cameroonians is − 3, with MHE prevalence of 74% among cirrhotic patients.

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Urinary Excretion and Bactericidal Activities of a Single Oral Dose of 400 Milligrams of Fleroxacin versus a Single Oral Dose of 800 Milligrams of Pefloxacin in Healthy Volunteers

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.42.7.1659 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 1659-1665 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kurt G. Naber ◽

Ursula Theuretzbacher ◽

Martina Kinzig ◽

Orlin Savov ◽

Fritz Sörgel

Keyword(s):

Oral Dose ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Single Oral Dose ◽

E Coli ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Mean ◽

Bactericidal Activities ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Time Kill ◽

Randomized Crossover Study

ABSTRACT Twelve healthy volunteers participated in this randomized crossover study to compare the concentrations and recovery levels of fleroxacin and pefloxacin in urine and to assess their bactericidal activities against 12 strains of urinary pathogens with different susceptibilities over a wide range of MICs. The volunteers received a single oral dose of 400 mg of fleroxacin or 800 mg of pefloxacin. The mean cumulative renal excretion of unchanged fleroxacin,N-demethyl-fleroxacin, and N-oxide-fleroxacin accounted for 67, 7, and 6% of the total dose, respectively. The total urinary recovery of pefloxacin and the active metabolite norfloxacin was 34%. In the time-kill and the urinary bactericidal titer (UBT) studies, only the subjects’ urine not supplemented with broth was used. With most tested organisms and both quinolones it took more than 8 h to achieve a reduction in CFU of 99.9% (3 log units). Overall, there was a good correlation between UBTs and MICs for the strains. Against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 the median UBTs were similar for both antibiotics and at least 1:8 for 96 h; against the E. coli strain for which the MIC was 0.5 μg/ml the UBT was at least 1:4 for 48 h. The UBTs of both drugs against Klebsiella pneumoniae were at least 1:16 for 72 h. The UBTs for Staphylococcus aureus (the MIC for which was 16 μg/ml) of both antibiotics were low, and in some of the samples, no bactericidal titers were observed. UBTs for Proteus mirabilis of pefloxacin are significantly higher than those of fleroxacin. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa the median UBTs were present for the 24-to-48-h interval. The same is true forEnterococcus faecalis. Against Staphylococcus saprophyticus, UBTs were present for at least 48 h with both quinolones. Overall, a single oral dose of 400 mg of fleroxacin exhibits UBTs comparable to those of 800 mg of pefloxacin. Therefore, it may be expected that half of the dose of fleroxacin gives comparable results in the treatment of urinary tract infections; this should be substantiated in comparative clinical trials.

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Residual gastric volume evaluation with ultrasonography after ingestion of carbohydrate- or carbohydrate plus glutamine-enriched beverages: a randomized, crossover clinical trial with healthy volunteers

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-2803.2017v54n1-06 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 33-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paulo Cesar GOMES ◽

Cervantes CAPOROSSI ◽

Jose Eduardo AGUILAR-NASCIMENTO ◽

Ageo Mario Candido da SILVA ◽

Viviane Maeve Tavares de ARAUJO

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Postoperative Recovery ◽

Gastric Volume ◽

Safe Procedure ◽

Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽

Residual Gastric Volume ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

The Mean ◽

To Receive

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Abbreviation of preoperative fasting to 2 hours with maltodextrin (CHO)-enriched beverage is a safe procedure and may enhance postoperative recovery. Addition of glutamine (GLN) to CHO beverages may include potential benefits to the metabolism. However, by adding a nitrogenous source to CHO beverages, gastric emptying may be delayed and increase the risk of bronchoaspiration during anesthesia. OBJECTIVE In this study of safety, we aimed at investigating the residual gastric volume (RGV) 2 hours after the intake of either CHO beverage alone or CHO beverage combined with GLN. METHODS We performed a randomized, crossover clinical trial. We assessed RGV by means of abdominal ultrasonography (US) in 20 healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) after an overnight fast of 8 hours. Then, they were randomized to receive 600 mL (400 mL immediately after US followed by another 200 mL 2 hours afterwards) of either CHO (12.5% maltodextrin) or CHO-GLN (12.5% maltodextrin plus 15 g GLN). Two sequential US evaluations were done at 120 and 180 minutes after ingestion of the second dose. The interval of time between ingestion of the two types of beverages was 2 weeks. RESULTS The mean (SD) RGV observed after 8 hours fasting (13.56±13.25 mL) did not statistically differ (P>0.05) from the RGV observed after ingesting CHO beverage at both 120 (16.32±11.78 mL) and 180 minutes (14.60±10.39 mL). The RGV obtained at 120 (15.63±18.83 mL) and 180 (13.65±10.27 mL) minutes after CHO-GLN beverage also was not significantly different from the fasting condition. CONCLUSION The RGV at 120 and 180 minutes after ingestion of CHO beverage combined with GLN is similar to that observed after an overnight fast.

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Sample size for postharvest quality traits of ‘Palmer’ mangoes

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452021014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

Author(s):

João Claudio Vilvert ◽

Sérgio Tonetto de Freitas ◽

Maria Aparecida Rodrigues Ferreira ◽

Eleonora Barbosa Santiago da Costa ◽

Edna Maria Mendes Aroucha

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Estimation Error ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Transverse Diameter ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

The Mean

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the most efficient sample size required to estimate the mean of postharvest quality traits of ‘Palmer’ mangoes harvested in two growing seasons. A total of 50 mangoes were harvested at maturity stage 2, in winter (June 2020) and spring (October 2020), and evaluated for weight, length, ventral and transverse diameter, skin and pulp L*, C* and hº, dry matter, firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and the SS/TA ratio. According to the results, the coefficient of variation (CV) of fruit quality traits ranged from 2.1% to 18.1%. The highest CV in both harvests was observed for the SS/TA ratio, while the lowest was reported for pulp hº. In order to estimate the mean of physicochemical traits of ‘Palmer’ mangoes, 12 fruits are needed in the winter and 14 in the spring, considering an estimation error of 10% and a confidence interval of 95%. TA and the SS/TA ratio required the highest sample size, while L* and hº required the lowest sample size. In conclusion, the variability was different among physicochemical traits and seasons, implying that different sample sizes are required to estimate the mean of different quality traits in different growing seasons.

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The use of a neck brace does not influence visual vertical perception

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2011000400019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 509-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Martha Funabashi ◽

Natya N.L. Silva ◽

Luciana M. Watanabe ◽

Taiza E.G Santos-Pontelli ◽

José Fernando Colafêmina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Afferent Input ◽

Subjective Visual Vertical ◽

Sensory Receptors ◽

Ocular Torsion ◽

Vertical Orientation ◽

Mean Values ◽

Visual Vertical ◽

The Mean

Subjective visual vertical (SVV) evaluates the individual's capacity to determine the vertical orientation. Using a neck brace (NB) allow volunteers' heads fixation to reduce cephalic tilt during the exam, preventing compensatory ocular torsion and erroneous influence on SVV result. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of somatosensory inputs caused by a NB on the SVV. METHOD: Thirty healthy volunteers performed static and dynamic SVV: six measures with and six without the NB. RESULTS: The mean values for static SVV were -0.075º±1.15º without NB and -0.372º±1.21º with NB. For dynamic SVV in clockwise direction were 1.73º±2.31º without NB and 1.53º±1.80º with NB. For dynamic SVV in counterclockwise direction was -1.50º±2.44º without NB and -1.11º±2.46º with NB. Differences between measurements with and without the NB were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Although the neck has many sensory receptors, the use of a NB does not provide sufficient afferent input to change healthy subjects' perception of visual verticality.

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The post-lunch effect of regular and decaffeinated coffee on psychomotor performance: a randomized double-blind cross-over study

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212924 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 954

Author(s):

Suganthi S. Ramachandran ◽

Vijay L. Kumar ◽

S. N. Dwivedi ◽

Vishwajeet Singh ◽

Pooja Gupta

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Psychomotor Performance ◽

Subjective Ratings ◽

Double Blind ◽

Flicker Fusion Frequency ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Cardiovascular Parameters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Decaffeinated Coffee ◽

The Mean

Background: This study aimed to compare the effect of regular coffee and decaffeinated coffee on psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers during post-lunch period.Methods: In this randomized double-blind cross-over study, adult healthy volunteers were given hot coffee (3 g each of regular or decaffeinated coffee) during post-lunch period. Psychomotor functions (critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF), choice reaction time (CRT) and error count in hand-steadiness test (HST)), blood pressure and heart rate were measured pre-lunch, pre-coffee (1-hour post-lunch) and 1-hour post-coffee consumption. Subjective ratings of sleepiness and mood were also assessed during post-lunch sessions.Results: The mean age of the participants (n=16) was 27.4±2.7 years with a male: female ratio of 7:9. There was no significant deterioration in psychomotor performance post-lunch when compared to pre-lunch on both the days. The mean CFF, CRT, errors committed in HST and cardiovascular parameters did not differ significantly between regular coffee and decaffeinated groups during post-lunch sessions. There was no significant difference in values of cardiovascular parameters as well as subjective ratings of sleep and mood between two groups.Conclusions: In healthy adult individuals’ consumption of both regular coffee and decaffeinated coffee during the post-lunch period did not affect psychomotor performance.

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Risk Factors for Neonatal Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Retrospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35635/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eishin Nakamura ◽

Shigetaka Matsunaga ◽

Yoshihisa Ono ◽

Yasushi Takai ◽

Hiroyuki Seki

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽

Premature Rupture ◽

Preterm Premature Rupture ◽

Extremely Preterm ◽

Gestational Week ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background: Determination of the optimal timing for termination of pregnancy in cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) during the extremely preterm period is still difficult. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major disease widely taken into account when determining the prognosis of respiratory disorders in a neonate. Many aspects of this disease remain unclear. With the aim of further improving the prognosis of neonates born to mothers with pPROM, this study examined cases who were diagnosed with pPROM before 28 weeks of gestation. The study analysed risk factors for neonatal BPD. Methods: This study included 73 subjects with singleton pregnancy, diagnosed with pPROM during the gestational period from 22 weeks and 0 days to 27 weeks and 6 days. The following factors were retrospectively examined: the gestational week at which pPROM was diagnosed, the gestational week at which delivery occurred, the period for which the volume of amniotic fluid was maintained, and neonatal BPD as a complication. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to analyse the relationship of the onset of BPD with the duration of oligohydramnios and the gestational weeks of delivery. Results: The mean gestational week at which a diagnosis of amniorrhexis was made was 24.5±1.9 weeks (mean±SD), and that at which delivery occurred was 27.0±3.0 weeks. Fifty-seven cases (78.1%) were diagnosed with oligohydramnios, the mean duration of which was 17.4±20.5 days. The mean birth weight of neonates was 1000±455 g, of which 49 (67.1%) were diagnosed with BPD following birth. No neonates died in this study. The ROC curve indicated that the cut-off values for the duration of oligohydramnios and gestational age at delivery were 4 days and 24.1 weeks, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that the duration of oligohydramnios for more than 4 days before delivery and preterm delivery at less than 24.1 weeks were risk factors for the onset of BPD. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that duration of oligohydramnios for more than 4 days before delivery and preterm delivery less than 24.1 weeks are risk factors for BPD in cases who are diagnosed with pPROM before 28 weeks of gestation.

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