The Impact of Wastewater Discharge and Agriculture on Water Quality and Nutrient Retention of Namatala Wetland, Eastern Uganda

An important issue in Kosovo is water pollution. The use of polluted water has a direct impact on human health and cause long-term consequences. The longest and most polluted river in Kosovo is the Sitnica, a 90 km long river with its source located near the village of Sazli. The river flows into the Ibar River in Northern Kosovo. Agriculture is prevailing activity in the basin of Sitnica which is why agricultural as well as industrial waste are the biggest water pollutants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate water quality of the river and analyse the pollution level along the Sitnica River caused by agricultural activities and industrial discharges. In order to assess the impact of pollutants on this river, a measurements were carried out in four (five) monitoring stations: the first station represents the reference station which has not undergone or has not been affected by polluting pressures, two stations in water areas affected by the irrigation of farming land and two monitoring stations in water areas affected by industrial wastewater discharge. Some of the parameters of water quality analysed are temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, DO, COD, BOD, P total, nitrates, sulfates, and heavy metals iron, manganese, zinc, nickel. Compared to the reference station the results obtained from the Gracka and Pestova monitoring stations prove that the dominant form of pollution is that from agricultural lands irrigation, while the Plemetin and Mitrovica stations show that the Sitnica River is affected by wastewater discharge which contains significant concentrations of heavy metals, as well as metal ions selected in this paper. It can be concluded that the irrigation of agricultural lands and discharges from mining significantly affect water quality of the Sitnica River.

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Requirements for integrated wastewater models - driven by receiving water objectives

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0445 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (11) ◽

pp. 97-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Wolfgang Rauch ◽

Hans Aalderink ◽

Peter Krebs ◽

Wolfgang Schilling ◽

Peter Vanrolleghem

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Water Quality ◽

Quality Management ◽

Water Quality Management ◽

Oxygen Depletion ◽

Wastewater Discharge ◽

Micro Organisms ◽

The Impact ◽

Technical Measures ◽

Receiving Water

The design of efficient technical measures for the abatement of water pollution requires that wastewater discharge regulations are driven by receiving water objectives. However, such integrated water quality management is only possible when the impact to the aquatic ecosystem can be predicted quantitatively by means of integrated wastewater models. Typically, only a few types of wastewater discharge impacts are relevant for the state of the receiving water and, consequently, the structure of the model can be kept relatively simple when focusing on one of these impacts. The procedure of problem-oriented model selection is illustrated for three typical examples of acute water pollution, that is toxicity from un-ionized ammonia, hygienic hazard from pathogenic micro-organisms and oxygen depletion.

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Impacts of wastewater discharge from Kalar city on Diyala-Sirwan river water quality, Iraq: pollution evaluation, health risks of heavy metals contamination

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01397-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Hayder Mohammed Issa ◽

Azad H. Alshatteri

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

River Water ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

River Water Quality ◽

Wastewater Discharge ◽

Discharge Point ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn this work, a comprehensive assessment has been performed to understand impact of wastewater discharge from Kalar city on water quality parameters of Diyala-Sirwan river, Iraq. Levels of physicochemical parameters of Ca, K, Na, Mg, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, turbidity, biological oxygen demand, and total hardness, and heavy metals of Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Al, Ba, Se, and As have been determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and other devices. Pollution indices, health risk assessment, and multivariate analysis have been applied to evaluate pollution intensity originated from wastewater discharge on river water quality at different locations, before and after the impact point. Pollution levels of slight to moderate have been identified using different indices for the river water at all sampling locations after the wastewater discharge point. Cluster and correlation analyses showed that the impact of wastewater discharge on the river water quality was occurring along the river within the study area. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment for heavy metals in the river, indicating a potential risk, might on people's health, especially after discharge point. Furthermore, a significant effect of carcinogenic risk by heavy metals of As and Hg was recognized in the same area. This study thus helps to understand clearly the alteration that happened in the water quality of Diyala-Sirwan river due to the discharge of untreated wastewater from Kalar city.

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The impact of lime on water quality when draining clay soils

Ekologija ◽

10.2478/v10055-008-0005-1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 22-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Valentinas Šaulys ◽

Nijolė Bastienė

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Clay Soils ◽

The Impact

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Анализ «Методики разработки нормативов допустимых сбросов веществ и микроорганизмов в водные объекты для водопользователей» в общем контексте водоохранного законодательства (в порядке обсуждения)

Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaia tehnika ◽

10.35776/mnp.2020.02.05 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

I. Saakian ◽

Aleksandr, Grigor’ev ◽

E. Kravets ◽

E. Rudakov ◽

A. Faddeev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Water Protection ◽

Best Available Technologies ◽

Process Indicators ◽

Water Users ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Protection Legislation ◽

The Impact

Выполнен анализ действующей редакции Методики разработки нормативов допустимых сбросов веществ и микроорганизмов в водные объекты для водопользователей , утвержденной приказом Минприроды России от 17 декабря 2007 г. 333, на предмет непротиворечивости и соответствия нормам водоохранного законодательства. Выявлена неопределенность применения Методики в условиях воздействия на качество воды природных и антропогенных факторов, не зависящих от конкретного водопользователя. Положения Методики противоречат принципам нормирования воздействия на водные объекты на основе наилучших доступных технологий, что было показано на примерах утвержденных технологических показателей содержания загрязняющих веществ в сточных водах различных отраслей промышленности. Анализ системы нормирования допустимых воздействий на водные объекты и географической дифференциации нормативов качества воды в пределах Российской Федерации вместе с системой целевых показателей качества воды также показал несоответствие Методики основным принципам водоохранного законодательства.The analysis of the current edition of the Methods of developing standards for permissible discharges of substances and microorganisms into water bodies for water users , approved by the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated December 17, 2007 No. 333 for consilience and compliance with the regulations of the water protection legislation, is carried out. Uncertainty of the application of the Methods in the conditions of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors that are independent of a specific water user on the quality of water has been identified. The provisions of the Methods contradict the principles of regulating the impact on water bodies based on the best available technologies shown on the examples of approved process indicators of the concentrations of various industrial pollutants in wastewater. An analysis of the system of regulating the permissible impact on water bodies and the geographical differentiation of water quality standards within the boundaries of the Russian Federation, together with the system of water quality targets, also showed that the Methods do not comply with the basic principles of the water protection legislation.

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The Impact of the Industrial Processing of Oil on the Rainfall Water Quality

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.1.5414 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 175-179

Author(s):

Oana Roxana Chivu ◽

Augustin Semenescu ◽

Claudiu Babis ◽

Catalin Amza ◽

Gabriel Iacobescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Air Purification ◽

High Toxicity ◽

Industrial Processing ◽

Mobile Sources ◽

Specific Activities ◽

The Impact ◽

The Ideal

Rainfall is a major component of the environment and the main source of the air purification becouse of many pollutants increases who have the most varied sources: various human activities including industry and agriculture, and some household duties. Air purification by means of precipitation is achieved by numerous highly complex mechanisms. The final products of degradation of the pollutant in the air, which are generally harmless, can be reacted with each other in the presence of water, giving rise to the final compounds with a high toxicity. Thus, exhaust, mobile sources of noxious almost identical to those specific activities in the industrial processing of oil, contain lead which is the ideal catalyst for converting SO2 to sulfuric acid in the presence of rainwater, with all the disadvantages that they create. This paper will present an experimental research oabout how rainfall water quality is influenced by the activity of the industrial processing of oil, in a chemical plant in Constanta County.

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Assessing the Impact of Maneuver Training on NPS Pollution and Water Quality

10.21236/ada512795 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

James M. Steichen ◽

Stacy L. Hutchinson ◽

Naiqian Zhang ◽

J. M. Hutchinson ◽

Charles Oviatt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Nps Pollution ◽

The Impact

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Modeling of pollution from the wastewater discharge of the city of Limassol

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0685 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (9-10) ◽

pp. 197-204

Author(s):

G. C. Christodoulou ◽

I. Ioakeim ◽

K. Ioannou

Keyword(s):

Field Observations ◽

Wastewater Discharge ◽

Dispersion Models ◽

Preliminary Assessment ◽

Westerly Winds ◽

Dimensional Finite Element ◽

The Impact ◽

The City ◽

Oceanographic Conditions ◽

Continuous Loading

The paper presents a numerical modeling study aimed at a preliminary assessment of the impact of the planned sea outfall of the city of Limassol, Cyprus, on the waters of Akrotiri bay. First the local meteorological and oceanographic conditions as well as the loading characteristics are briefly reviewed. Two-dimensional finite element hydrodynamic and dispersion models are subsequently applied to the study area. The results of the former show an eastbound flow pattern under the prevailing westerly winds, in general agreement with available field observations. The spread of BOD and N under continuous loading is then examined for eastward as well as for westward flow as an indicator for the extent of pollution to be expected. The computed concentrations are generally low and confined to the shallower parts of the bay.

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Considering the impact of intermittent discharges when modelling overflows

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0370 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Sarah Jubb ◽

Philip Hulme ◽

Ian Guymer ◽

John Martin

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

River Hydraulics ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

The Impact ◽

Curve Equation

This paper describes a preliminary investigation that identified factors important in the prediction of river water quality, especially regarding dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Intermittent discharges from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) within the sewerage, and overflows at water reclamation works (WRW) cause dynamic conditions with respect to both river hydraulics and water quality. The impact of such discharges has been investigated under both wet and dry weather flow conditions. Data collected from the River Maun, UK, has shown that an immediate, transient oxygen demand exists downstream of an outfall during storm conditions. The presence of a delayed oxygen demand has also been identified. With regard to modelling, initial investigations used a simplified channel and the Streeter-Phelps (1925) dissolved oxygen sag curve equation. Later, a model taking into account hydrodynamic, transport and dispersion processes was used. This suggested that processes other than water phase degradation of organic matter significantly affect the dissolved oxygen concentration downstream of the location of an intermittent discharge. It is proposed that the dynamic rate of reaeration and the sediment oxygen demand should be the focus of further investigation.

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Metal Contamination of Stream Waters under the Impact of Tanneries

Pesquisas em Geociências ◽

10.22456/1807-9806.19514 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MARIA LUCIA KOLOWSKI RODRIGUES ◽

MILTON LUIZ LAQUINTINIE FORMOSO

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Solid Material ◽

Total Variance ◽

Oxygen Conductivity ◽

Contamination Degree ◽

Iron Aluminum ◽

Relevant Variables ◽

Stream Waters ◽

The Impact

This study evaluated the contamination of water samples from Cadeia and Feitoria rivers (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil), affected by tannery activities. From July 1999 to April 2000, four sampling campaigns were performed at ten sites in order to evaluate selected metals and ancillary physicochemical variables. Sample preservation and analyses followed recommendations of the Standard Methods. Factor analysis was used to obtain statistical indexes representing the contamination degree of waters evaluated. The information was summarized in two principal components. The first, which accounted for 50% of the total variance, was associated to a tannery contribution and generated a contamination index. Total, Suspended and Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, Conductivity, Chromium, Manganese, Copper, Nickel, Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium were the well-correlated variables with this first component. The water quality decreased from headwaters up to mouth along both streams, but the most contaminated sites were located at the lower reach of Feitoria river (Ivoti and Lindolfo Collor cities), where tanneries are concentrated. After the entrainment of Feitoria waters (São Sebastião do Caí municipality), Cadeia river also presented an increased contamination degree. The application of statistical randomization tests highlighted these same sites as significantly distinct from the others. Water contamination also showed association to flow variations, and a poorer water quality was observed during the dry period (January). The second component, in which Iron, Aluminum, and Suspended Solids were the relevant variables, was loaded with 15% of the total variance. It was linked to natural events, since higher factor scores in this component were obtained during a period of increased water discharge (October), which caused resuspension and entrainment of solid material to the rivers bed. As a final result of the study, sampling stations were classified according to the contamination degree, and graphically represented on a basin map, which synthesized the environmental diagnosis.

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