scholarly journals Rhizosphere Effects of Maize and Wheat Increase Soil Organic and Inorganic Carbon Release in Carbonate-Rich Soils: A Three-Source 13C Partitioning Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoan Sun ◽  
Biao Zhu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Minyi He ◽  
Fanqiao Meng
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rhizosphere Effect ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Rhizosphere Effects ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Source Partitioning ◽  
Soc Decomposition

In carbonate-rich soils with plants, CO2 emissions from the rhizosphere may come from as many as three sources, that is, root-derived respiration, decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC), and dissolution of soil inorganic carbon (SIC), so partitioning of CO2 emissions by source is important to accurately quantify the rhizosphere effect (RE). Because of limited methods for three-source partitioning of soil CO2, how living roots affect SOC and SIC release (RE) has not yet been clarified, and this urgently needs to be evaluated. In this study, the RE of summer maize and winter wheat on SOC decomposition and SIC dissolution was investigated at three phenological stages in pot experiments with the aid of 13CO2 pulse labeling combined with 13C natural abundance techniques. We found that the contribution of SIC dissolution to CO2 emissions from unplanted soils ranged from 25 to 44%. As crop growth progressed, the maize rhizosphere effect on SOC- and SIC-derived CO2 emissions increased from 14 and 74% at the elongation stage to 84 and 268% at the grain filling stage compared to that in unplanted soils, respectively, while the wheat rhizosphere effect on SOC- and SIC-derived CO2 emissions increased from 51 and 34% at the elongation stage to 77 and 76% at the grain filling stage. We concluded that the rhizosphere effects increased SOC and SIC release over the entire growing season of maize (by 54% for SOC and 159% for SIC) and wheat (by 64 and 49%) compared to those in unplanted soils, indicating that ignoring SIC dissolution in carbonate-rich soils with plants will result in overestimation of SOC decomposition.

Effect of Temperature during Grain Filling Stage on Endosperm Structure and Apperance Quality of Aromatic Rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 460 ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Jiang Xu ◽  
Li Zhong Xiao ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Yong Hao Ren ◽  
Zhi Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Endosperm Structure ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Based on the experiment of two inbred aromatic rice varieties and one hybrid aromatic rice line treated under four different temperatures( daymean temperature 21°C, 23°C, 26°C and 30°C respectively) during grain filling stage in phytotrons, the shape and arrangement of endosperm starch granules in rice grain transection were observed by scanning electron microscope and the related characteristics of rice grain qualities of chalky percent and chalkiness were analyzed at the same time. The results showed that under the lower temperature( daymean temperature21°C and 23°C), many large compound starch granules with clear angulars packed together regularly without significant natural gaps bewteen starch granules in the tansectional endosperm. However, with the increase of temperature, starch granules in the transectional endosperm were changed from regularly shaped and closely and orderly arranged to various shaped and chaoticly arranged with obvious natural gaps between starch granules, which was closely consistent with the poorer appearance quality under the higher temperature, which indicated that the endosperm structure is closely related with appearance quality of aromatic rice.

scholarly journals Variation of 13C and 15N enrichments in different plant components of labeled winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7738
Author(s):  
Zhaoan Sun ◽  
Shuxia Wu ◽  
Biao Zhu ◽  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Roland Bol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Information on the homogeneity and distribution of 13carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) labeling in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is limited. We conducted a dual labeling experiment to evaluate the variability of 13C and 15N enrichment in aboveground parts of labeled winter wheat plants. Labeling with 13C and 15N was performed on non-nitrogen fertilized (−N) and nitrogen fertilized (+N, 250 kg N ha−1) plants at the elongation and grain filling stages. Aboveground parts of wheat were destructively sampled at 28 days after labeling. As winter wheat growth progressed, δ13C values of wheat ears increased significantly, whereas those of leaves and stems decreased significantly. At the elongation stage, N addition tended to reduce the aboveground δ13C values through dilution of C uptake. At the two stages, upper (newly developed) leaves were more highly enriched with 13C compared with that of lower (aged) leaves. Variability between individual wheat plants and among pots at the grain filling stage was smaller than that at the elongation stage, especially for the −N treatment. Compared with those of 13C labeling, differences in 15N excess between aboveground components (leaves and stems) under 15N labeling conditions were much smaller. We conclude that non-N fertilization and labeling at the grain filling stage may produce more uniformly 13C-labeled wheat materials, whereas the materials were more highly 13C-enriched at the elongation stage, although the δ13C values were more variable. The 15N-enriched straw tissues via urea fertilization were more uniformly labeled at the grain filling stage compared with that at the elongation stage.

scholarly journals Role of growth regulators and plant water extracts on the productivity and water use efficiency of wheat genotypes under limited water supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safdar Hussain ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Javaid Iqbal ◽  
Tahira Batool Qaisrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Empowerment of wheat genotypes by application of growth regulators, compatible solutes and plant extracts under water restriction is an important strategy for getting sustainable yield. Field trail was performed at the research area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Three wheat cultivars Aas-2011, Faisalabad- 2008 and Triple dwarf-1 were subjected to drought stress (skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage). The wheat genotypes were subjected to treatments viz., T1 i.e. All normal irrigation without application of abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), moringa (MLE) and mulberry leaf water extract (MBLE), T2­ i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 2µM ABA, T3 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 10 m mol SA, T4 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 15% MLE and T5 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 10% MBLE. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial arrangement and repeated three times. From this study it is concluded that Aas-2011 shown best result under drought condition by applying growth regulators and plant water extracts. rs and plant water extracts.

Effect of short-term heat exposure on physiological traits of indica rice at grain-filling stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Payu Pansarakham ◽  
Paweena Pongdontri ◽  
Piyada Theerakulpisut ◽  
Anoma Dongsansuk
Keyword(s):  
Indica Rice ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage
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