scholarly journals Comparative Secretome Analyses of Trichoderma/Arabidopsis Co-cultures Identify Proteins for Salt Stress, Plant Growth Promotion, and Root Colonization

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Rouina ◽  
Yu-Heng Tseng ◽  
Karaba N. Nataraja ◽  
Ramanan Uma Shaanker ◽  
Thomas Krüger ◽  
...  

Numerous Trichoderma strains are beneficial for plants, promote their growth, and confer stress tolerance. A recently described novel Trichoderma strain strongly promotes the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings on media with 50 mM NaCl, while 150 mM NaCl strongly stimulated root colonization and induced salt-stress tolerance in the host without growth promotion. To understand the dynamics of plant-fungus interaction, we examined the secretome from both sides and revealed a substantial change under different salt regimes, and during co-cultivation. Stress-related proteins, such as a fungal cysteine-rich Kp4 domain-containing protein which inhibits plant cell growth, fungal WSC- and CFEM-domain-containing proteins, the plant calreticulin, and cell-wall modifying enzymes, disappear when the two symbionts are co-cultured under high salt concentrations. In contrast, the number of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases increases, which indicates that the fungus degrades more plant lignocellulose under salt stress and its lifestyle becomes more saprophytic. Several plant proteins involved in plant and fungal cell wall modifications and root colonization are only found in the co-cultures under salt stress, while the number of plant antioxidant proteins decreased. We identified symbiosis- and salt concentration-specific proteins for both partners. The Arabidopsis PYK10 and a fungal prenylcysteine lyase are only found in the co-culture which promoted plant growth. The comparative analysis of the secretomes supports antioxidant enzyme assays and suggests that both partners profit from the interaction under salt stress but have to invest more in balancing the symbiosis. We discuss the role of the identified stage- and symbiosis-specific fungal and plant proteins for salt stress, and conditions promoting root colonization and plant growth.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8030
Author(s):  
Shehzad Mehmood ◽  
Amir Abdullah Khan ◽  
Fuchen Shi ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Tariq Sultan ◽  
...  

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria play a substantial role in plant growth and development under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. However, understanding about the functional role of rhizobacterial strains for wheat growth under salt stress remains largely unknown. Here we investigated the antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus aryabhattai PM34 inhabiting ACC deaminase and exopolysaccharide producing ability to ameliorate salinity stress in wheat seedlings under in vitro conditions. The strain PM34 was isolated from the potato rhizosphere and screened for different PGP traits comprising nitrogen fixation, potassium, zinc solubilization, indole acetic acid, siderophore, and ammonia production, along with various extracellular enzyme activities. The strain PM34 showed significant tolerance towards both abiotic stresses including salt stress (NaCl 2 M), heavy metal (nickel, 100 ppm, and cadmium, 300 ppm), heat stress (60 °C), and biotic stress through mycelial inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani (43%) and Fusarium solani (41%). The PCR detection of ituC, nifH, and acds genes coding for iturin, nitrogenase, and ACC deaminase enzyme indicated the potential of strain PM34 for plant growth promotion and stress tolerance. In the in vitro experiment, NaCl (2 M) decreased the wheat growth while the inoculation of strain PM34 enhanced the germination% (48%), root length (76%), shoot length (75%), fresh biomass (79%), and dry biomass (87%) over to un-inoculated control under 2M NaCl level. The results of experiments depicted the ability of antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus aryabhattai PM34 to augment salt stress tolerance when inoculated to wheat plants under saline environment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Guendouz Dif ◽  
Hadj Ahmed Belaouni ◽  
Yacine Goudjal ◽  
Amine Yekkour ◽  
Nadjette Djemouai ◽  
...  

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Sidra Habib ◽  
Yee Yee Lwin ◽  
Ning Li

Adverse environmental factors like salt stress, drought, and extreme temperatures, cause damage to plant growth, development, and crop yield. GRAS transcription factors (TFs) have numerous functions in biological processes. Some studies have reported that the GRAS protein family plays significant functions in plant growth and development under abiotic stresses. In this study, we demonstrated the functional characterization of a tomato SlGRAS10 gene under abiotic stresses such as salt stress and drought. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 by RNA interference (RNAi) produced dwarf plants with smaller leaves, internode lengths, and enhanced flavonoid accumulation. We studied the effects of abiotic stresses on RNAi and wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, SlGRAS10-RNAi plants were more tolerant to abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and Abscisic acid) than the WT plants. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 significantly enhanced the expressions of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2− and H2O2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were remarkably high in SlGRAS10-RNAi plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and stress-related genes were also enhanced under abiotic stress conditions. Collectively, our conclusions emphasized the significant function of SlGRAS10 as a stress tolerate transcription factor in a certain variety of abiotic stress tolerance by enhancing osmotic potential, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ROS scavenging system in the tomato plant.


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