scholarly journals Analysis of Microorganism Diversity in Haemaphysalis longicornis From Shaanxi, China, Based on Metagenomic Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runlai Cao ◽  
Qiaoyun Ren ◽  
Jin Luo ◽  
Zhancheng Tian ◽  
Wenge Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Illumina Hiseq Platform ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Important Disease

Ticks are dangerous ectoparasites of humans and animals, as they are important disease vectors and serve as hosts for various microorganisms (including a variety of pathogenic microorganisms). Diverse microbial populations coexist within the tick body. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been suggested to be useful for rapidly and accurately obtaining microorganism abundance and diversity data. In this study, we performed mNGS to analyze the microbial diversity of Haemaphysalis longicornis from Baoji, Shaanxi, China, with the Illumina HiSeq platform. We identified 189 microbial genera (and 284 species) from ticks in the region; the identified taxa included Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., and other important tick-borne pathogens at the genus level as well as symbiotic microorganisms such as Wolbachia spp., and Candidatus Entotheonella. The results of this study provide insights into possible tick-borne diseases and reveal new tick-borne pathogens in this region. Additionally, valuable information for the biological control of ticks is provided. In conclusion, this study provides reference data for guiding the development of prevention and control strategies targeting ticks and tick-borne diseases in the region, which can improve the effectiveness of tick and tick-borne disease control.

scholarly journals Autochthonous faecal viral transfer (FVT) impacts the murine microbiome after antibiotic perturbation

BMC Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine A. Draper ◽  
Feargal J. Ryan ◽  
Marion Dalmasso ◽  
Pat G. Casey ◽  
Angela McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Healthy Donor ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Viral Transfer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background It has become increasingly accepted that establishing and maintaining a complex and diverse gut microbiota is fundamental to human health. There are growing efforts to identify means of modulating and influencing the microbiota, especially in individuals who have experienced a disruption in their native microbiota. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one method that restores diversity to the microbiota of an individual by introducing microbes from a healthy donor. FMT introduces the total microbial load into the recipient, including the bacteria, archaea, yeasts, protists and viruses. In this study, we investigated whether an autochthonous faecal viral transfer (FVT), in the form of a sterile faecal filtrate, could impact the recovery of a bacteriome disrupted by antibiotic treatment. Results Following antibiotic disruption of the bacteriome, test mice received an FVT harvested prior to antibiotic treatment, while control mice received a heat- and nuclease-treated FVT. In both groups of mice, the perturbed microbiome reverted over time to one more similar to the pre-treatment one. However, the bacteriomes of mice that received an FVT, in which bacteriophages predominate, separated from those of the control mice as determined by principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA). Moreover, analysis of the differentially abundant taxa indicated a closer resemblance to the pre-treatment bacteriome in the test mice that had received an FVT. Similarly, metagenomic sequencing of the virome confirmed that faecal bacteriophages of FVT and control mice differed over time in both abundance and diversity, with the phages constituting the FVT persisting in mice that received them. Conclusions An autochthonous virome transfer reshaped the bacteriomes of mice post-antibiotic treatment such that they more closely resembled the pre-antibiotic microbiota profile compared to mice that received non-viable phages. Thus, FVT may have a role in addressing antibiotic-associated microbiota alterations and potentially prevent the establishment of post-antibiotic infection. Given that bacteriophages are biologically inert in the absence of their host bacteria, they could form a safe and effective alternative to whole microbiota transplants that could be delivered during/following perturbation of the gut flora.

scholarly journals Detection of Anaplasma Phagocytophilum in Horses With Suspected Tick-Borne Disease in Northeastern United States by Metagenomic Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murugan Subbiah ◽  
Nagaraja Thirumalapura ◽  
David Thompson ◽  
Suresh V. Kuchipudi ◽  
Bhushan Jayarao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Metagenomic Sequence ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Metagenomic sequencing of clinical diagnostic specimens has a potential for unbiased detection of infectious agents, diagnosis of polymicrobial infections and discovery of emerging pathogens. Herein, next generation sequencing (NGS)-based metagenomic approach was used to investigate the cause of illness in a subset of horses recruited for a tick-borne disease surveillance study during 2017–2019. Blood samples collected from 10 horses with suspected tick-borne infection and five apparently healthy horses were subjected to metagenomic analysis. Total genomic DNA extracted from the blood samples were enriched for microbial DNA and subjected to shotgun next generation sequencing using Nextera DNA Flex library preparation kit and V2 chemistry sequencing kit on the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Overall, 0.4–0.6 million reads per sample were analyzed using Kraken metagenomic sequence classification program. The taxonomic classification of the reads indicated that bacterial genomes were overrepresented (0.5 to 1%) among the total microbial reads. Most of the bacterial reads (~91%) belonged to phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Tenericutes in both groups. Importantly, 10–42.5% of Alphaproteobacterial reads in 5 of 10 animals with suspected tick-borne infection were identified as Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Of the 5 animals positive for A. phagocytophilum sequence reads, four animals tested A. phagocytophilum positive by PCR. Two animals with suspected tick-borne infection and A. phagocytophilum positive by PCR were found negative for any tick-borne microbial reads by metagenomic analysis. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of the NGS-based metagenomic analysis approach for the detection of blood-borne microbes.

Development of nuclear microsatellite markers in Stizophyllum (Bignoniaceae) using next-generation sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maila Beyer ◽  
Alison Gonçalvez Nazareno ◽  
Lúcia G. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Genomic Dataset ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Illumina Hiseq Platform ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractHere we developed the first set of nuclear microsatellite markers (nSSRs) for Stizophyllum riparium (Bignoniaceae), a widespread species of Neotropical liana. Thirty-two sets of primers were isolated from a genomic dataset obtained with an Illumina HiSeq Platform, and characterized for 57 individuals of S. riparium from three populations. Nine nSSRs were polymorphic and the number of alleles ranged from eight to 29. The unbiased expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.724 to 0.952 and the polymorphic information content values ranged from 0.717 to 0.944. All nine primer pairs also amplified for two closely related species (S. inaequilaterum and S. perforatum). The new set of nuclear markers will be useful for population genetics studies of Stizophyllum as a whole.

scholarly journals Autochthonous faecal virome transplantation (FVT) reshapes the murine microbiome after antibiotic perturbation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine A. Draper ◽  
Feargal J. Ryan ◽  
Marion Dalmasso ◽  
Pat G. Casey ◽  
Angela McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Healthy Donor ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Robust Formulation ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
And Control ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundIt has become increasingly apparent that establishing and maintaining a complex and diverse gut microbiome is fundamental to human health. There are growing efforts to identify methods that can modulate and influence the microbiome, especially in individuals who due to disease or circumstance have experienced a disruption in their native microbiome. Faecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is one method that restores diversity to the microbiome of an individual by introducing microbes from a healthy donor. FMT introduces a complete microbiome into the recipient, including the bacteriome, archaeome, mycome and virome. In this study we investigated whether transplanting an autochthonous faecal virome consisting primarily of bacteriophages could impact a bacteriome disrupted by antibiotic treatment (FaecalViromeTransplantation;FVT).ResultsFollowing disruption of the bacteriome by penicillin and streptomycin, test mice (n=8) received a bacteria free, faecal transplant, while Control mice (n=8) received a heated and nuclease treated control. The bacteriomes (as determined via 16S rRNA sequencing) of mice that received an FVT, in which bacteriophages predominate, separated from those of the Control mice as determined by principle co-ordinate analysis (PCoA), and contained differentially abundant taxa that reshaped the bacteriome profile such that it more closely resembled that of the pre-treatment mice. Similarly, metagenomic sequencing of the virome confirmed that the bacteriophages present in the gut of treatment and Control mice differed over time in both abundance and diversity, with transplanted phages seen to colonise the FVT mice.ConclusionsAn autochthonous virome transplant impacts on the bacteriome and virome of mice following antibiotic treatment. The virome, consisting mainly of bacteriophages, reshapes the bacteriome such that it more closely resembles the pre-antibiotic state. To date, faecal transplants have largely focussed on transferring living microbes, but given that bacteriophage are inert biological entities incapable of colonising in the absence of a sensitive host they could form a viable alternative that may have fewer safety implications and that could be delivered as a robust formulation.

Effective infection prevention and control strategies in a large accredited psychiatric facility in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Poremski ◽  
Sandra Henrietta Subner ◽  
Grace Lam Fong Kin ◽  
Raveen Dev Ram Dev ◽  
Mok Yee Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
And Control

The Institute of Mental Health in Singapore continues to attempt to prevent the introduction of COVID-19, despite community transmission. Essential services are maintained and quarantine measures are currently unnecessary. To help similar organizations, strategies are listed along three themes: sustaining essential services, preventing infection, and managing human and consumable resources.

Optimization and Control Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Systems — Status, Trends and Needs

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract Based on discussions in workshop sessions, several recurring themes became evident with respect to the optimization and control of petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems to achieve effective removal of toxic contaminants. It was apparent that statistical process control (SPC) techniques are finding more widespread use and have been found to be effective. However, the implementation of real-time process control strategies in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems is in its infancy. Considerable effort will need to be expended to demonstrate the practicality of on-line sensors, and the utility of automated process control in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems. This paper provides a summary of the discussions held at the workshop.

Learning and control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Herreros
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Animal Learning ◽  
Feed Forward Control ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
And Control

This chapter discusses basic concepts from control theory and machine learning to facilitate a formal understanding of animal learning and motor control. It first distinguishes between feedback and feed-forward control strategies, and later introduces the classification of machine learning applications into supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning problems. Next, it links these concepts with their counterparts in the domain of the psychology of animal learning, highlighting the analogies between supervised learning and classical conditioning, reinforcement learning and operant conditioning, and between unsupervised and perceptual learning. Additionally, it interprets innate and acquired actions from the standpoint of feedback vs anticipatory and adaptive control. Finally, it argues how this framework of translating knowledge between formal and biological disciplines can serve us to not only structure and advance our understanding of brain function but also enrich engineering solutions at the level of robot learning and control with insights coming from biology.

Current status, problems and control strategies of water resources pollution in China

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Tong Qi ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Huijuan Yang ◽  
Guoqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Major River ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research And Policy

The surface water of 10 major river systems across China has been under intermediate pollution with striking eutrophication problems in major lakes (reservoirs). More data from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China showed that underground water in 57% of monitoring sites across Chinese cities was polluted or extremely polluted. Rural water pollution, the rising number of incidents of industrial pollution, outdated sewerage systems, and the overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers also endanger the health of rural inhabitants in China. Nearly 0.2 billion rural residents could not use drinking water in accordance with the national standard, and there were reports of ‘cancer villages' and food-borne diseases (cancer village refers to a village where a certain proportion of its inhabitants suffer from the same kind of cancer or where there is a hike in cancer incidence in that area). This study aims to raise awareness of the prevention and control of water pollution and to propose a set of national research and policy initiatives for the future safety of the water environment in China.

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