Mucosal IgA Prevents Commensal Candida albicans Dysbiosis in the Oral Cavity

Background and Purpose: Candida dubliniensis is closely related to the most pathogenic and prevalent yeast, namely C. albicans. Candida species can opportunistically overgrow in vulnerable individuals and cause a variety of diseases. The current study aimed to identify and isolate C. dubliniensis species present in the Candida albicans species complex identified in the oral cavity of drug abusers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 53 strains of C. albicans species complex, isolated from the oral mucosa of drug abusers in Isfahan, Iran. DNA extraction was accomplished through boiling procedure. Duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region using four specific primers. Fungal species were identified based on the difference in the size of the bands created in the Agarose gel. Results: Out of the 53 isolates under study, 30 (56.6%) and 14 (26.4%) samples were identified as C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, respectively. In the remaining 9 samples (17%), both types of Candida species were confirmed. Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed the presence of a noticeable amount of C. dubliniensis in the oral cavity of drug abusers. Therefore, the probable presence of this fungus should be considered during the examination of oral infection among this group. To date, no research has directly investigated this issue in Iran.

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The Prevalence and Occurrence of Candida albicans Among the Students of MAHSA University

Proceedings International ◽

10.33263/proceedings21.089089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 89

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Study Group ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Unstimulated Saliva ◽

Oral Health Practices ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

The study is done to identify the prevalence and occurrence of Candida albicans among the students of MAHSA University. It is also done to perform a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire to assess the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among the study group. Furthermore, it is done to determine the association of knowledge with attitude, oral health practices, and the prevalence of Candida albicans with the study group. The spores of Candida are a commensal, harmless form of a fungus that becomes invasive and pathogenic pseudohyphae when there is a disruption in the balance of flora. The infection that is caused by the yeast Candida albicans or even other candida species is candidiasis. Questionnaire on oral health was handed out to the students at random in MAHSA University, and upon that, samples are collected by taking their unstimulated saliva and are then pipetted on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. These agar plates are then kept in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 2 days. After 2 days, the agar plates are then checked for any growth, and if there is the growth seen, gram stain and germ tube tests are done. It was seen that out of 100 samples collected, 40% were positive for Candida albicans, and 60% were negative for Candida albicans. And out of the percentage of positive samples, 26% were males, and 14% were females Candida albicans is the species most frequently implicated in the oral cavity, and it is important to take care of the oral cavity.

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Effect of the crude extract of Eugenia uniflora in morphogenesis and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes in Candida albicans from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-015-0522-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Walicyranison Plinio Silva-Rocha ◽

Vitor Luiz de Brito Lemos ◽

Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira ◽

Luiz Alberto Lira Soares ◽

Terezinha Inês Estivalet Svidzisnki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Kidney Transplant ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽

Eugenia Uniflora

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Correlation between Azole Susceptibilities, Genotypes, and ERG11 Mutations in Candida albicans Isolates Associated with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in China

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00118-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 54 (8) ◽

pp. 3126-3131 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Shu-Hua Ge ◽

Zhe Wan ◽

Juan Li ◽

Jianping Xu ◽

Ruo-Yu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Target Gene ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Missense Mutations ◽

Statistical Support ◽

Strain Sc5314 ◽

The Relationship ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT The relationship between susceptibilities to fluconazole and itraconazole and microsatellite CAI genotypes were examined from a total of 154 Candida albicans isolates (97 isolates causing vulvovaginitis in Chinese women and 6 vaginal isolates and 51 oral cavity isolates from asymptomatic carriers). The two dominant genotypes, CAI 30-45 (45 isolates) and CAI 32-46 (33 isolates), associated with vulvovaginitis showed significantly different azole susceptibility patterns with strong statistical support. CAI 32-46 isolates were usually less susceptible to both fluconazole and itraconazole than CAI 30-45 isolates and than the oral isolates with other diversified CAI genotypes. Remarkably different mutation patterns in the azole target gene ERG11 were correspondingly observed among C. albicans isolates representing different genotypes and sources. Isolates with the same or similar CAI genotypes usually possessed identical or phylogenetically closely related ERG11 sequences. Loss of heterozygosity in ERG11 was observed in all the CAI 32-46 isolates but not in the CAI 30-45 isolates and most of the oral isolates sequenced. Compared with the ERG11 sequence of strain SC5314 (X13296), two homozygous missense mutations (G487T and T916C) leading to two amino acid changes (A114S and Y257H) in Erg11p were found in CAI 32-46 isolates. The correlation between azole susceptibility and C. albicans genotype may be of potential therapeutic significance.

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Secreted aspartyl proteinases of Candida albicans with particular relevance to the oral cavity

10.5353/th_b3123633 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

Tao Wu

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Aspartyl Proteinases

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Streptococcus gordonii Modulates Candida albicans Biofilm Formation through Intergeneric Communication

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00438-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 77 (9) ◽

pp. 3696-3704 ◽

Cited By ~ 182

Author(s):

Caroline V. Bamford ◽

Anita d'Mello ◽

Angela H. Nobbs ◽

Lindsay C. Dutton ◽

M. Margaret Vickerman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Cell Contact ◽

Streptococcus Gordonii ◽

Autoinducer 2 ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Hyphal Formation ◽

Coated Surfaces ◽

Infection Processes

ABSTRACT The fungus Candida albicans colonizes human oral cavity surfaces in conjunction with a complex microflora. C. albicans SC5314 formed biofilms on saliva-coated surfaces that in early stages of development consisted of ∼30% hyphal forms. In mixed biofilms with the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii DL1, hyphal development by C. albicans was enhanced so that biofilms consisted of ∼60% hyphal forms. Cell-cell contact between S. gordonii and C. albicans involved Streptococcus cell wall-anchored proteins SspA and SspB (antigen I/II family polypeptides). Repression of C. albicans hyphal filament and biofilm production by the quorum-sensing molecule farnesol was relieved by S. gordonii. The ability of a luxS mutant of S. gordonii deficient in production of autoinducer 2 to induce C. albicans hyphal formation was reduced, and this mutant suppressed farnesol inhibition of hyphal formation less effectively. Coincubation of the two microbial species led to activation of C. albicans mitogen-activated protein kinase Cek1p, inhibition of Mkc1p activation by H2O2, and enhanced activation of Hog1p by farnesol, which were direct effects of streptococci on morphogenetic signaling. These results suggest that interactions between C. albicans and S. gordonii involve physical (adherence) and chemical (diffusible) signals that influence the development of biofilm communities. Thus, bacteria may play a significant role in modulating Candida carriage and infection processes in the oral cavity.

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Prevalence of Actinomyces israelii, A. naeslundii, Bacterionema matruchotii, and Candida albicans in Selected Areas of the Oral Cavity and Saliva

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345620410050701 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 1050-1059 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Arden Howell ◽

Robert M. Stephan ◽

Frances Paul

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Oral Cavity

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Genotypes of Candida albicans Involved in Development of Candidiasis and Their Distribution in Oral Cavity of Non-Candidiasis Individuals

Medical Mycology Journal ◽

10.3314/mmj.52.315 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 315-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yuki Takagi ◽

Hisao Hattori ◽

Hidesada Adachi ◽

Shunji Takakura ◽

Toshinobu Horii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Oral Cavity

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The Use of 2.5% Natamycin, as Orally Administered Drops, in the Treatment of Fungal Infections of the Oral Cavity in Children with Chronic Blood Diseases

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/030006058901700112 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 82-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Rokicka-Milewska ◽

D. Derulska ◽

D. Lipnicki ◽

A. Skrobowska-Woźniak ◽

A. Moszczeńska

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Side Effects ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Oral Lesions ◽

Blood Diseases

A total of 34 children with oral candidiasis were treated with 2.5% natamycin in the form of orally administered drops; 6–20 drops applied to oral lesions four times daily for up to 8 weeks. A total cure was achieved in 28 (82.3%) cases. No side-effects were observed. This preparation was an effective treatment for Candida albicans infections in children with blood diseases, and was well tolerated.

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