scholarly journals Targeting IL-1β in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuqian Mai ◽  
Yuhua Liao
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Innate Immunity Pathway ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation

The role of inflammation in atherosclerosis has been recognized several decades ago and existing treatments provide benefits in part through non-specific anti-inflammatory actions. Compared with other cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is associated with acute and chronic inflammation. Anti-inflammatory therapy with canakinumab targeting the IL-1β innate immunity pathway could significantly reduce the rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo. The results of CANTOS suggested an important role of IL-1β in atherosclerosis. However, there are numerous mechanisms that are to be clarified. We herein discussed the important immunomodulatory effect IL-1β exerts on atherosclerosis and the potential mechanisms underlying it. We also reviewed bench-to-bedside clinical translation of IL-1β neutralizing strategies associated with the use of IL-1β blockade in patients with atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Farnesol-Loaded Liposomes Protect the Epidermis and Dermis from PM2.5-Induced Cutaneous Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6076
Author(s):  
Yu-Chiuan Wu ◽  
Wei-Yun Chen ◽  
Chun-Yin Chen ◽  
Sheng I. Lee ◽  
Yu-Wen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Injury ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation

Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) increases oxidative stress through free radical generation and incomplete volatilization. In addition to affecting the respiratory system, PM2.5 causes aging- and inflammation-related damage to skin. Farnesol (Farn), a natural benzyl semiterpene, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antibacterial properties. However, because of its poor water solubility and cytotoxicity at high concentrations, the biomedical applications of Farn have been limited. This study examined the deleterious effects of PM2.5 on the epidermis and dermis. In addition, Farn-encapsulated liposomes (Lipo-Farn) and gelatin/HA/xanthan gel containing Lipo-Farn were prepared and applied in vivo to repair and alleviate PM2.5-induced damage and inflammation in skin. The prepared Lipo-Farn was 342 ± 90 nm in diameter with an encapsulation rate of 69%; the encapsulation significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of Farn. Lipo-Farn exhibited a slow-release rate of 35% after 192 h of incubation. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of PM2.5 was approximately 850 μg/mL, and ≥400 μg/mL PM2.5 significantly increased IL-6 production in skin fibroblasts. Severe impairment in the epidermis and hair follicles and moderate impairment in the dermis were found in the groups treated with post-PM2.5 and continuous subcutaneous injection of PM2.5. Acute and chronic inflammation was observed in the skin in both experimental categories in vivo. Treatment with 4 mM Lipo-Farn largely repaired PM2.5-induced injury in the epidermis and dermis, restored injured hair follicles, and alleviated acute and chronic inflammation induced by PM2.5 in rat skin. In addition, treatment with 4 mM pure Farn and 2 mM Lipo-Farn exerted moderate reparative and anti-inflammatory effects on impaired skin. The findings of the current study indicate the therapeutic and protective effects of Lipo-Farn against various injuries caused by PM2.5 in the pilosebaceous units, epidermis, and dermis of skin.

Platelets, inflammation and anti-inflammatory effects of antiplatelet drugs in ACS and CAD

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (09) ◽  
pp. 498-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Müller ◽  
Madhumita Chatterjee ◽  
Dominik Rath ◽  
Tobias Geisler
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Coronary Events

SummaryPlatelets play a pivotal role in chronic inflammation leading to progression of atherosclerosis and acute coronary events. Recent discoveries on novel mechanisms and platelet-dependent inflammatory targets underpin the role of platelets to maintain a chronic inflammatory condition in cardiovascular disease. There is strong and clinically relevant crosslink between chronic inflammation and platelet activation. Antiplatelet therapy is a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of acute cardiovascular events. The benefit of antiplatelet agents has mainly been attributed to their direct anti-aggregatory impact. Some anti-inflammatory off-target effects have also been described. However, it is unclear whether these effects are secondary due to inhibition of platelet activation or are caused by direct distinct mechanisms interfering with inflammatory pathways. This article will highlight novel platelet associated targets that contribute to inflammation in cardiovascular disease and elucidate mechanisms by which currently available antiplatelet agents evolve anti-inflammatory capacities, in particular by carving out the differential mechanisms directly or indirectly affecting platelet mediated inflammation. It will further illustrate the prognostic impact of antiplatelet therapies by reducing inflammatory marker release in recent cardiovascular trials.

Serum Amyloid A Is Present in Human Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Walls and Associates With Aneurysm Rupture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Huuska ◽  
Eliisa Netti ◽  
Riikka Tulamo ◽  
Satu Lehti ◽  
Behnam Rezai Jahromi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Aneurysm Rupture ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation

Abstract Saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA) rupture leads to a disabling subarachnoid hemorrhage. Chronic inflammation and lipid accumulation in the sIA wall contribute to wall degenerative remodeling that precedes its rupture. A better understanding of the pathobiological process is essential for improved future treatment of patients carrying sIAs. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein produced in response to acute and chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Here, we studied the presence and the potential role of SAA in 36 intraoperatively resected sIAs (16 unruptured and 20 ruptured), that had previously been studied by histology and immunohistochemistry. SAA was present in all sIAs, but the extent of immunopositivity varied greatly. SAA immunopositivity correlated with wall degeneration (p = 0.028) and rupture (p = 0.004), with numbers of CD163-positive and CD68-positive macrophages and CD3-positive T lymphocytes (all p < 0.001), and with the expression of myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, prostaglandin E-2 receptor, and cyclo-oxygenase 2 in the sIA wall. Moreover, SAA positivity correlated with the accumulation of apolipoproteins A-1 and B-100. In conclusion, SAA occurs in the sIA wall and, as an inflammation-related factor, may contribute to the development of a rupture-prone sIA.

Anti-inflammatory effect of zerumbone on acute and chronic inflammation models in mice

Fitoterapia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Sulaiman ◽  
E.K. Perimal ◽  
M.N. Akhtar ◽  
A.S. Mohamad ◽  
M.H. Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Effect
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