scholarly journals Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Roles of Inflammatory Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yuan ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Jia Wei ◽  
Jiaqi Wu ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Direct Cell ◽  
New Strategies

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are local dilations of infrarenal segment of aortas. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AAA remain not fully clear. However, inflammation has been considered as a central player in the development of AAA. In the past few decades, studies demonstrated a host of inflammatory cells, including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, and mast cells, etc. infiltrating into aortic walls, which implicated their crucial roles. In addition to direct cell contacts and cytokine or protease secretions, special structures like inflammasomes and neutrophil extracellular traps have been investigated to explore their functions in aneurysm formation. The above-mentioned inflammatory cells and associated structures may initiate and promote AAA expansion. Understanding their impacts and interaction networks formation is meaningful to develop new strategies of screening and pharmacological interventions for AAA. In this review, we aim to discuss the roles and mechanisms of these inflammatory cells in AAA pathogenesis.

Improvements in Rupture Prediction of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using Local Mechanical Property Estimation Obtained From ECG-Gated Computed Tomography

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine Tierney ◽  
Anthony Callanan ◽  
Tim M. McGloughlin
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
The Past ◽  
Property Estimation ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Local Mechanical Property

Cardiovascular disease concerns any disease which affects the heart or blood vessels. Aneurysms account for a significant portion of these cardiovascular diseases. The most common type of aneurysm is abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) which affects up to 5% of the population over the age of 55. AAA is a focal balloon like dilation of the terminal aorta that occurs gradually over a span of years [1]. There are approximately 200,000 patients in the US and 500,000 patients worldwide diagnosed with AAA each year [2]. The incidences of AAA’s has increased largely during the past two decades due in part to the aging demographic, the rise in the number of smokers, the introduction of screening programmes and improved diagnostic tools [3].

scholarly journals Diagnostic approach and management of genetic aortopathies

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Rohan Bhandari ◽  
Rajani D Aatre ◽  
Yogendra Kanthi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Genetic Etiology ◽  
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Treatment Considerations

Aortic aneurysms were the primary cause of nearly 10,000 deaths in 2014 according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and may involve segments of the thoracic or abdominal aorta. Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections are more commonly associated with an underlying genetic etiology. In the past several decades, in parallel with the burst of new genome sequencing technologies, a number of genetic aortopathies have been identified. These have provided important insights into the molecular mechanisms of aneurysmal disease, but pose challenges in clinical practice as there are limited consensus recommendations at this time. In this review, we aim to address the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment considerations in the key heritable thoracic aortopathies.

scholarly journals Management and outcomes of symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms during the past 20 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1679-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venita Chandra ◽  
Karen Trang ◽  
Whitt Virgin-Downey ◽  
Ken Tran ◽  
E. John Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

scholarly journals Circular RNA Expression: Its Potential Regulation and Function in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Yanshuo Han ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Ce Bian ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Simei Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have posed a great threat to human life, and the necessity of its monitoring and treatment is decided by symptomatology and/or the aneurysm size. Accumulating evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute a part to the pathogenesis of AAAs. circRNAs are novel single-stranded RNAs with a closed loop structure and high stability, having become the candidate biomarkers for numerous kinds of human disorders. Besides, circRNAs act as molecular “sponge” in organisms, capable of regulating the transcription level. Here, we characterize that the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of circRNAs in AAA development were further elucidated. In the present work, studies on the biosynthesis, bibliometrics, and mechanisms of action of circRNAs were aims comprehensively reviewed, the role of circRNAs in the AAA pathogenic mechanism was illustrated, and their potential in diagnosing AAAs was examined. Moreover, the current evidence about the effects of circRNAs on AAA development through modulating endothelial cells (ECs), macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was summarized. Through thorough investigation, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of circRNAs in AAA development were further elucidated. The results demonstrated that circRNAs had the application potential in the diagnosis and prevention of AAAs in clinical practice. The study of circRNA regulatory pathways would be of great assistance to the etiologic research of AAAs.

scholarly journals Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals the Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinsheng Xie ◽  
En ci Wang ◽  
Dandan Xu ◽  
Xiaolong Shu ◽  
Yu fei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Objectives: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are associated with high mortality rates. The genes and pathways linked with AAA remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to the progression of AAA using bioinformatics analysis.Methods: Gene expression profiles of the GSE47472 and GSE57691 datasets were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. These datasets were merged and normalized using the “sva” R package, and DEGs were identified using the limma package in R. The functions of these DEGs were assessed using Cytoscape software. We analyzed the DEGs using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Protein–protein interaction networks were assembled using Cytoscape, and crucial genes were identified using the Cytoscape plugin, molecular complex detection. Data from GSE15729 and GSE24342 were also extracted to verify our findings.Results: We found that 120 genes were differentially expressed in AAA. Genes associated with inflammatory responses and nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process were clustered in two gene modules in AAA. The hub genes of the two modules were IL6, RPL21, and RPL7A. The expression levels of IL6 correlated positively with RPL7A and negatively with RPL21. The expression of RPL21 and RPL7A was downregulated, whereas that of IL6 was upregulated in AAA.Conclusions: The expression of RPL21 or RPL7A combined with IL6 has a diagnostic value for AAA. The novel DEGs and pathways identified herein might provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of AAA.

scholarly journals Modern Approaches to Acellular Therapy in Bone and Dental Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13454
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Ivanov ◽  
Alla V. Kuznetsova ◽  
Olga P. Popova ◽  
Tamara I. Danilova ◽  
Oleg O. Yanushevich
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Free Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Mobilization ◽  
Internal Potential ◽  
New Strategies

An approach called cell-free therapy has rapidly developed in regenerative medicine over the past decade. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the internal potential of tissue repair inspires the development of new strategies aimed at controlling and enhancing these processes during regeneration. The use of stem cell mobilization, or homing for regeneration based on endogenous healing mechanisms, prompted a new concept in regenerative medicine: endogenous regenerative medicine. The application of cell-free therapeutic agents leading to the recruitment/homing of endogenous stem cells has advantages in overcoming the limitations and risks associated with cell therapy. In this review, we discuss the potential of cell-free products such as the decellularized extracellular matrix, growth factors, extracellular vesicles and miRNAs in endogenous bone and dental regeneration.

The Development of Physiological Compliant Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Models for In Vitro Flow Studies

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Corbett ◽  
Barry J. Doyle ◽  
Anthony Callanan ◽  
Tim M. McGloughlin
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
The Past ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

A vast amount of experimental research has been undertaken in the past decade to investigate different aspects of preoperative and postoperative abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Much of this research has been based on the use of mock arteries in an in vitro flow loop to mimic the behaviour of the abdominal aorta in vivo [1]. These models should be reproducible, have consistent material properties, consistent thickness and be physiological in behaviour.

scholarly journals Inflammation and TGF-β Signaling Differ between Abdominal Aneurysms and Occlusive Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJpma ◽  
te Riet ◽  
van de Luijtgaarden ◽  
van Heijningen ◽  
Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene List ◽  
Occlusive Disease ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Novel Genes ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), are usually asymptomatic until rupture causes fatal bleeding, posing a major vascular health problem. AAAs are associated with advanced age, male gender, and cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. hypertension and smoking). Strikingly, AAA and AOD (arterial occlusive disease) patients have a similar atherosclerotic burden, yet develop either arterial dilatation or occlusion, respectively. The molecular mechanisms underlying this diversion are yet unknown. As this knowledge could improve AAA treatment strategies, we aimed to identify genes and signaling pathways involved. We compared RNA expression profiles of abdominal aortic AAA and AOD patient samples. Based on differential gene expression profiles, we selected a gene set that could serve as blood biomarker or as pharmacological intervention target for AAA. In this AAA gene list we identified previously AAA-associated genes COL11A1, ADIPOQ, and LPL, thus validating our approach as well as novel genes; CXCL13, SLC7A5, FDC-SP not previously linked to aneurysmal disease. Pathway analysis revealed overrepresentation of significantly altered immune-related pathways between AAA and AOD. Additionally, we found bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling inhibition simultaneous with activation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling associated with AAA. Concluding our gene expression profiling approach identifies novel genes and an interplay between BMP and TGF-β signaling regulation specifically for AAA.

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