scholarly journals Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Infection: Non Nova Sed Nove

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savino Sciascia ◽  
Massimo Radin ◽  
Mario Bazzan ◽  
Barbara Montaruli ◽  
Domenico Cosseddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Effective Role

The clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in the context of infections has attracted attention since their first discovery in patients with syphilis. In fact, the recognition of aPL in patients with infections has been described in parallel to the understating of the syndrome. Since the first description of aPL-positive tests in three patients with COVID-19 diagnosed in January 2020 in Wuhan, China, a large number of studies took part in the ongoing debate on SARS-2-Cov 2 induced coagulopathy, and many following reports speculated a potential role for aPL. In order to get further insights on the effective role of detectable aPL in the pro-thrombotic status observed in COVID-19 patients, we performed an observational age-sex controlled study to compare the aPL profile of hospitalized patients with COVID with those observed in a) patients with thrombotic APS and b) patients with cultural/serologically-proved infections. Our data showed positive aPL testing in about half of the patients (53%) with COVID-19 and patients with other viral/bacterial infections (49%). However, aPL profile was different when comparing patients with overt APS and patients with aPL detected in the contest of infections. Caution is therefore required in the interpretation and generalization of the role of aPL s in the management of patients with COVID-19. Before introducing aPL testing as a part of the routine testing in patients with COVID-19, larger well-designed clinical studies are required. While the pro-thrombotic status in patients with COVID-19 is now unquestionable, different mechanisms other than aPL should be further investigated.

Abstract 105: Platelet-Neutrophil Aggregates play a crucial role in regulating vasculitis in Kawasaki Disease

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Ueno
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Inflammatory Activation

Objective: Circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates play a crucial role in amplifying acute inflammation and could promote adverse effects involving vascular injury. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of platelet-neutrophil aggregates in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods: We analyzed 40 patients with KD (30 intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG] responders and 10 IVIG non-responders), 7 febrile patients with bacterial infections, and 9 normal volunteers. Thirty-three patients with KD were treated with IVIG alone, and remaining seven were treated with IVIG plus prednisolone. We evaluated the rate of platelet-neutrophil aggregates and measured the platelet factor 4 (PF4) and β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) levels in patients with KD. Results: The rate of platelet-neutrophil aggregates was significantly higher in patients with KD than in both patients with bacterial infection and normal volunteers. There was a trend toward increased rate of platelet-neutrophil aggregates within 2 or 3 days after IVIG than before IVIG. The rate of platelet-neutrophil aggregates was significantly higher in patients who showed coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) than in those who showed without CAA and was correlated with PF4 and β-TG levels in patients with KD. Comparing time course analysis, the rate of platelet-neutrophil aggregates was significantly decreased in patients treated with IVIG plus prednisolone than in those treated with IVIG alone. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that platelet-neutrophil aggregates play a crucial role in regulating vasculitis, and are involved in the development of CAA. Additional prednisolone treatment in the acute phase of KD might have a potential role in inhibiting amplified reciprocal inflammatory activation by suppressing platelet-neutrophil aggregates.

Clinical significance and potential role of CD200 in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. S142-S143
Author(s):  
Shoichi Kinoshita ◽  
Masayuki Sho ◽  
Takahiro Akahori ◽  
Satoshi Nishiwada ◽  
Minako Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Potential Role

Potential Role of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in the Treatment of Serious Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Infections

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S160-S165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Quintiliani ◽  
Robert E. Levitz ◽  
Charles H. Nightingale
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Hospital Acquired

scholarly journals The CFTR and ENaC debate: how important is ENaC in CF lung disease?

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (11) ◽  
pp. L1141-L1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Collawn ◽  
Ahmed Lazrak ◽  
Zsuzsa Bebok ◽  
Sadis Matalon
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane ◽  
Epithelial Sodium Channel Enac

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by the loss of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function and results in a respiratory phenotype that is characterized by dehydrated mucus and bacterial infections that affect CF patients throughout their lives. Much of the morbidity and mortality in CF results from a failure to clear bacteria from the lungs. What causes the defect in the bacterial clearance in the CF lung has been the subject of an ongoing debate. Here we discuss the arguments for and against the role of the epithelial sodium channel, ENaC, in the development of CF lung disease.

scholarly journals Potential role of autoantibodies in the regulation of cytokine responses during bacterial infections.

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 3300-3303 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bakhiet ◽  
A Diab ◽  
Mahamustafa ◽  
Jiezhu ◽  
L Lindqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cytokine Responses

scholarly journals Inflammatory Markers and Procalcitonin Predict the Outcome of Metastatic Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer Patients Receiving PD-1/PD-L1 Immune-Checkpoint Blockade

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Nardone ◽  
Rocco Giannicola ◽  
Giovanna Bianco ◽  
Diana Giannarelli ◽  
Paolo Tini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Baseline Levels

Peripheral-immune-checkpoint blockade (P-ICB) with mAbs to PD-1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) or PD-L1 (atezolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab) alone or combination with chemotherapy represents a novel active treatment for mNSCLC patients. However, this therapy can be associated to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and high cost. Therefore, finding reliable biomarkers of response and irAEs is strongly encouraged to accurately select patients who may potentially benefit from the immuno-oncological treatment. This is a retrospective multi-institutional analysis performed on ninety-five mNSCLC patients who received real-world salvage therapy with nivolumab or atezolizumab between December 2015 and April 2020. The outcome of these patients in term of PFS and OS was evaluated in comparison with different serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimention Rate (ESR) and Procalcitonin (PCT) by performing Kaplan–Meier and Log-rank test and multivariate analysis. We found that high baseline levels of CRP, ESR, and PCT were strongly predictive of poor outcome (P <0.05) with the worse prognosis detected in those patients with a baseline levels of both ESR and PCT over the pre-established cut off (median OS recorded in patients with no marker over the cut off vs. those with just one marker over the cut off vs. those with both markers over the cut off: 40 ± 59 vs. 15.5 ± 5.5 vs. 5.5 ± 1.6 months, respectively; P <0.0001). Our results suggest the predictive value of systemic inflammation and suggest a potential role of PCT in predicting a poor outcome in mNSCLC receiving PD-1/PD-L1 blocking mAbs. This finding also suggests a potential role of subclinical bacterial infections in defining the response to PD-1/PD-L1 blocking mAbs that deserves further and more specific investigations.

scholarly journals Preclinical and Clinical Evidence Supporting Use of Cannabidiol in Psychiatry

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioacchino Calapai ◽  
Carmen Mannucci ◽  
Ioanna Chinou ◽  
Luigi Cardia ◽  
Fabrizio Calapai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Background. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major chemical compound present in Cannabis sativa. CBD is a nonpsychotomimetic substance, and it is considered one of the most promising candidates for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Objective. The aim of this review is to illustrate the state of art about scientific research and the evidence of effectiveness of CBD in psychiatric patients. Methods. This review collects the main scientific findings on the potential role of CBD in the psychiatric field, and results of clinical trials carried out on psychiatric patients are commented. A research was conducted in the PUBMED, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases using combinations of the words cannabidiol, psychiatry, and neuropsychiatric. Results. Preclinical and clinical studies on potential role of CBD in psychiatry were collected and further discussed. We found four clinical studies describing the effects of CBD in psychiatric patients: two studies about schizophrenic patients and the other two studies carried out on CBD effects in patients affected by generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD). Conclusion. Results from these studies are promising and suggest that CBD may have a role in the development of new therapeutic strategies in mental diseases, and they justify an in-depth commitment in this field. However, clinical evidence we show for CBD in psychiatric patients is instead still poor and limited to schizophrenia and anxiety, and it needs to be implemented with further studies carried out on psychiatric patients.

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