scholarly journals Preclinical and Clinical Evidence Supporting Use of Cannabidiol in Psychiatry

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioacchino Calapai ◽  
Carmen Mannucci ◽  
Ioanna Chinou ◽  
Luigi Cardia ◽  
Fabrizio Calapai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Background. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major chemical compound present in Cannabis sativa. CBD is a nonpsychotomimetic substance, and it is considered one of the most promising candidates for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Objective. The aim of this review is to illustrate the state of art about scientific research and the evidence of effectiveness of CBD in psychiatric patients. Methods. This review collects the main scientific findings on the potential role of CBD in the psychiatric field, and results of clinical trials carried out on psychiatric patients are commented. A research was conducted in the PUBMED, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases using combinations of the words cannabidiol, psychiatry, and neuropsychiatric. Results. Preclinical and clinical studies on potential role of CBD in psychiatry were collected and further discussed. We found four clinical studies describing the effects of CBD in psychiatric patients: two studies about schizophrenic patients and the other two studies carried out on CBD effects in patients affected by generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD). Conclusion. Results from these studies are promising and suggest that CBD may have a role in the development of new therapeutic strategies in mental diseases, and they justify an in-depth commitment in this field. However, clinical evidence we show for CBD in psychiatric patients is instead still poor and limited to schizophrenia and anxiety, and it needs to be implemented with further studies carried out on psychiatric patients.

scholarly journals Functional Constipation and the Gut Microbiome in Children: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Avelar Rodriguez ◽  
Jelena Popov ◽  
Elyanne M. Ratcliffe ◽  
Erick Manuel Toro Monjaraz
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Functional constipation is a common condition in childhood with significant impact on patients' quality of life and on health care resources. Functional constipation is characterized by decreased bowel movements and/or hard stools, which cause significant distress for children and their caregivers. While the term “functional” may imply the absence of organic causes with a focus on behavioral aspects, 40% of children continue to have symptoms beyond conventional management with one in four children continuing to experience constipation into adulthood. The refractory and chronic nature of constipation highlights the importance of considering a range of pathophysiological mechanisms, including the potential role of the gut microbiome. In this review, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical studies that focus on the potential mechanisms through which the gut microbiome might contribute to the clinical presentation of functional constipation in pediatrics.

Is compressive load a factor in the development of tendinopathy?

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Cook ◽  
C Purdam
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Collagen Structure ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Compressive Loads ◽  
Excessive Load

Tendons are designed to take tensile load, but excessive load can cause overuse tendinopathy. Overuse tendinopathy results in extensive changes to the cells and extracellular matrix, resulting in activated cells, increase in large proteoglycans and a breakdown of the collagen structure. Within these pathological changes, there are areas of fibrocartilaginous metaplasia, and mechanotransduction models suggest that this response could be due to compressive load. As load management is a cornerstone of treating overuse tendinopathy, defining the effect of tensile and compressive loads is important in optimising the clinical management of tendinopathy.This paper examines the potential role of compressive loads in the onset and perpetuation of tendinopathy, and reviews the anatomical, epidemiological and clinical evidence that supports consideration of compressive loads in overuse tendinopathy.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Potential role of prophylactic anticoagulation in preventing thrombotic events and mortality. Narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Maximiliano Gabriel Castro ◽  
◽  
Gisel Cuevas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Prophylactic Dose ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Prophylactic Anticoagulation

The COVID-19 pandemic and the limited therapeutic arsenal available strain daily clinical practice. Guidelines have recently recommended routine anticoagulation of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, apart from the expert panels’ experience, the provenance of this recommendation is not clear, due to the scarce published evidence. We provide a narrative review with the objective of unraveling the rationale for this practice. First, we analyze the biochemical, histopathological and clinical evidence for a pro-thrombotic profile in COVID-19 patients. Then, we present the clinical data from previous studies and discuss to what extent they aid in clinical decision-making. We conclude that, in the absence of randomized controlled trials, which are of utmost importance, prophylactic-dose anticoagulation should be offered to critically ill patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, particularly those with high d-dimer levels, since they are the population most likely to benefit from it.

scholarly journals The Role of Brassica Bioactives on Human Health: Are We Studying It the Right Way?

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarai Quirante-Moya ◽  
Paula García-Ibañez ◽  
Francisco Quirante-Moya ◽  
Débora Villaño ◽  
Diego A. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Brassica Vegetables ◽  
The Right ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Time Of Intervention ◽  
Improve Health

Brassica vegetables and their components, the glucosinolates, have been suggested as good candidates as dietary coadjutants to improve health in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Different preclinical and clinical studies have been performed in the last decade; however, some concerns have been posed on the lack of established and standardized protocols. The different concentration of bioactive compounds used, time of intervention or sample size, and the lack of blinding are some factors that may influence the studies’ outcomes. This review aims to analyze the critical points of the studies performed with Brassica-related biomolecules and propose some bases for future trials in order to avoid biases.

N-acetyl-cysteine in Schizophrenia: Potential Role on the Sensitive Cysteine Proteome

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (37) ◽  
pp. 6424-6439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Martínez-Banaclocha
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Bioenergetic Metabolism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Network ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine ◽  
Cysteine Thiols

Background: N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has shown widespread utility in different psychiatric disorders, including a beneficial role in schizophrenic patients. Although the replenishment of glutathione and the antioxidant activity of NAC have been suggested as the mechanisms that improve such a wide range of disorders, no one seems to be sufficiently specific to explain these intriguing effects. A sensitive cysteine proteome is emerging as a functional and structural network of interconnected sensitive cysteine-containing proteins (SCCPs) that together with reactive species and the cysteine/glutathione cycles can regulate the bioenergetic metabolism, the redox homeostasis and the cellular growth, differentiation and survival, acting through different pathways that are regulated by the same thiol radical in cysteine residues. Objective: Since this sensitive cysteine network has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson and Alzheimer´s diseases, I have reviewed if the proteins that play a role in schizophrenia can be classified too as SCCPs. Results: I have revised the major proteins implicated in the physiopathology of schizophrenia searching for those proteins that are redox-regulated through sensitive cysteine thiols. Results show that the principal proteins playing a role in schizophrenia can be classified as SCCPs, suggesting that the sensitive cysteine proteome (cysteinet) is defective in this type of psychosis. Conclusion: The present review proposes that there is a deregulation of the sensitive cysteine proteome in schizophrenia as the consequence of a functional imbalance among different SCCPs, which play different functions in neurons and glial cells. In this context, the role of NAC to restore and prevent schizophrenic disorders is discussed.

scholarly journals The role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in nicotine addiction

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Funda Akkus ◽  
Sylvia Terbeck ◽  
Connor J. Haggarty ◽  
Valerie Treyer ◽  
Janan J. Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Nicotine Abuse ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Abstract This review summarizes the evidence for the potential involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the development of nicotine addiction. Nicotine is consumed worldwide and is highly addictive. Previous research has extensively investigated the role of dopamine in association with reward learning and addiction, which has provided strong evidence for the involvement of dopaminergic neuronal circuitry in nicotine addiction. More recently, researchers focused on glutamatergic transmission after nicotine abuse, and its involvement in the reinforcing and rewarding effects of nicotine addiction. A number of robust preclinical and clinical studies have shown mGluR5 signaling as a facilitating mechanism of nicotine addiction and nicotine withdrawal. Specifically, clinical studies have illustrated lower cortical mGluR5 density in smokers compared to nonsmokers in the human brain. In addition, mGluR5 might selectively regulate craving and withdrawal. This suggests that mGluR5 could be a key receptor in the development of nicotine addiction and therefore clinical trials to examine the therapeutic potential of mGluR5 agents could help to contribute to reduce nicotine addiction in society.

scholarly journals Cannabis sativa and Skin Health: Dissecting the Role of Phytocannabinoids

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Martinelli ◽  
Andrea Magnavacca ◽  
Marco Fumagalli ◽  
Mario DellʼAgli ◽  
Stefano Piazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractThe use of Cannabis sativa is currently recognized to ease certain types of chronic pain, reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea, and improve anxiety. Nevertheless, few studies highlighted the therapeutic potential of C. sativa extracts and related phytocannabinoids for a variety of widespread skin disorders including acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pruritus, and pain. This review summarized the current evidence on the effects of phytocannabinoids at the cutaneous level through the collection of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies published on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science until October 2020. Phytocannabinoids have demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-acne properties by various mechanisms involving either CB1/2-dependent and independent pathways. Not only classical immune cells, but also several skin-specific actors, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and sebocytes, may represent a target for phytocannabinoids. Cannabidiol, the most investigated compound, revealed photoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms at the cutaneous level, while the possible impact on cell differentiation, especially in the case of psoriasis, would require further investigation. Animal models and pilot clinical studies supported the application of cannabidiol in inflammatory-based skin diseases. Also, one of the most promising applications of non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids is the treatment of seborrheic disorders, especially acne. In conclusion, the incomplete knowledge of the role of the endocannabinoid system in skin disorders emerged as an important limit for pharmacological investigations. Moreover, the limited studies conducted on C. sativa extracts suggested a higher potency than single phytocannabinoids, thus stimulating new research on phytocannabinoid interaction.

scholarly journals Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Infection: Non Nova Sed Nove

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savino Sciascia ◽  
Massimo Radin ◽  
Mario Bazzan ◽  
Barbara Montaruli ◽  
Domenico Cosseddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Effective Role

The clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in the context of infections has attracted attention since their first discovery in patients with syphilis. In fact, the recognition of aPL in patients with infections has been described in parallel to the understating of the syndrome. Since the first description of aPL-positive tests in three patients with COVID-19 diagnosed in January 2020 in Wuhan, China, a large number of studies took part in the ongoing debate on SARS-2-Cov 2 induced coagulopathy, and many following reports speculated a potential role for aPL. In order to get further insights on the effective role of detectable aPL in the pro-thrombotic status observed in COVID-19 patients, we performed an observational age-sex controlled study to compare the aPL profile of hospitalized patients with COVID with those observed in a) patients with thrombotic APS and b) patients with cultural/serologically-proved infections. Our data showed positive aPL testing in about half of the patients (53%) with COVID-19 and patients with other viral/bacterial infections (49%). However, aPL profile was different when comparing patients with overt APS and patients with aPL detected in the contest of infections. Caution is therefore required in the interpretation and generalization of the role of aPL s in the management of patients with COVID-19. Before introducing aPL testing as a part of the routine testing in patients with COVID-19, larger well-designed clinical studies are required. While the pro-thrombotic status in patients with COVID-19 is now unquestionable, different mechanisms other than aPL should be further investigated.

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