scholarly journals Evaluation of the Anti-Aging Effects of a Probiotic Combination Isolated From Centenarians in a SAMP8 Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Fang ◽  
Mengyun Yue ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Daojun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Related Proteins

Population aging is a prominent global problem in today’s society. However, there are currently no good methods to treat or prevent aging, so anti-aging research has crucial implications. In this research, we screened bacteria from centenarians, and finally selected four probiotics (Lactobacillus fermentum SX-0718, L. casei SX-1107, Bifidobacterium longum SX-1326, and B. animalis SX-0582) to form a probiotic combination. By using the senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model, the anti-aging effects of the probiotic combination were evaluated by using behavioural testing, neuroinflammation, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal microbiota. The results showed that probiotic combination improved the impaired spatial memory, motor dysfunction, and decreased exploratory behavior in aging mice. The probiotic combination inhibited Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)-induced neuroinflammation and up-regulated the expression of Sirt 1 to protect hippocampal neurons. At the same time, the probiotic combination regulated the intestinal microbiota, reduced the relative abundance of Alistipes and Prevotella in SAMP8 mice, inhibited TLR4/NFκB-induced intestinal inflammation, and increased the expression of intestinal permeability related proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occuldin. The anti-aging effects of the probiotic combination may be through the regulating intestinal microbiota and inhibiting TLR4/NFκB-induced inflammation. This research provides the basis and technical support for the future production and application of the probiotic combination.

scholarly journals Non-autophagy role of Atg5 and NBR1 in unconventional secretion of IL-12 prevents gut dysbiosis and inflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth D. Merkley ◽  
Samuel M. Goodfellow ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Zoe E.R. Wilton ◽  
Janie R. Byrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Late Endosome ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Cargo Receptor ◽  
Unconventional Secretion ◽  
Genetic Deletion

ABSTRACTIntestinal myeloid cells play a critical role in balancing intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Here, we report that expression of the autophagy related 5 (Atg5) protein in myeloid cells prevents dysbiosis and excessive intestinal inflammation by limiting IL-12 production. Mice with a selective genetic deletion of Atg5 in myeloid cells (Atg5ΔMye) showed signs of dysbiosis prior to colitis and exhibited severe intestinal inflammation upon colitis induction that was characterized by increased IFNγ production. This increase in IFNγ was due to excess IL-12 secretion from Atg5-deficient myeloid cells. Atg5 functions to limit IL-12 secretion through modulation of late endosome (LE) acidity. Additionally, the autophagy cargo receptor NBR1, which accumulates in Atg5-deficient cells, played a role by delivering IL-12 to LE. Restoration of the intestinal microbiota and alleviation of intestinal inflammation was achieved by genetic deletion of IL-12 in Atg5ΔMye mice. In summary, Atg5 expression in intestinal myeloid cells acts as an anti-inflammatory brake to regulate IL-12 thus preventing dysbiosis and uncontrolled IFNγ-driven intestinal inflammation.

scholarly journals Salmonella -Mediated Inflammation Eliminates Competitors for Fructose-Asparagine in the Gut

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jikang Wu ◽  
Anice Sabag-Daigle ◽  
Mikayla A. Borton ◽  
Linnea F. M. Kop ◽  
Blake E. Szkoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pathogenicity Islands ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gain Access

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica elicits intestinal inflammation to gain access to nutrients. One of these nutrients is fructose-asparagine (F-Asn). The availability of F-Asn to Salmonella during infection is dependent upon Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2, which in turn are required to provoke inflammation. Here, we determined that F-Asn is present in mouse chow at approximately 400 pmol/mg (dry weight). F-Asn is also present in the intestinal tract of germfree mice at 2,700 pmol/mg (dry weight) and in the intestinal tract of conventional mice at 9 to 28 pmol/mg. These findings suggest that the mouse intestinal microbiota consumes F-Asn. We utilized heavy-labeled precursors of F-Asn to monitor its formation in the intestine, in the presence or absence of inflammation, and none was observed. Finally, we determined that some members of the class Clostridia encode F-Asn utilization pathways and that they are eliminated from highly inflamed Salmonella -infected mice. Collectively, our studies identify the source of F-Asn as the diet and that Salmonella -mediated inflammation is required to eliminate competitors and allow the pathogen nearly exclusive access to this nutrient.

scholarly journals Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum supplied with methimazole improved the thyroid function of Graves’ disease patients through the gut-thyroid axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxue Huo ◽  
Chaoping Cen ◽  
Haibo Chang ◽  
Qianying Ou ◽  
Shuaiming Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody ◽  
Thyroid Axis

AbstractGraves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder that frequently results in hyperthyroidism and other symptoms. Here, we designed a 6-month study with patients divided into three treatment groups, namely, methimazole (MI, n = 8), MI + black bean (n = 9) and MI + probiotic Bifidobacterium longum (n = 9), to evaluate the curative effects of probiotics supplied with MI on thyroid function of patients with GD through clinical index determination and intestinal microbiota metagenomic sequencing. Unsurprisingly, MI intake significantly improved several thyroid indexes but not the most important thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb), which is an indicator of the GD recurrence rate. Furthermore, we observed a dramatic response of indigenous microbiota to MI intake, which was reflected in the ecological and evolutionary scale of the intestinal microbiota. In contrast, we did not observe any significant changes in the microbiome in the MI + black bean group. Similarly, the clinical thyroid indexes of patients with GD in the probiotic supplied with MI treatment group continued to improve. Dramatically, the concentration of TRAb recovered to the healthy level. Further mechanistic exploration implied that the consumed probiotic regulated the intestinal microbiota and metabolites. These metabolites impacted neurotransmitter and blood trace elements through the gut-brain axis and gut-thyroid axis, which finally improved the host’s thyroid function.

Communication, Aging, and Culture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Communication Accommodation ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Patterns Of Aging

Research into age and culture strongly suggests that people of different adult generations, regardless of culture, typically regard others and act in ways that display bias in favor of one’s own age group. While people across cultures share some basic patterns of aging perceptions, there is considerable variance in views on older people from one country to the next. Over the past two decades, the tenor of communication and aging research has shifted dramatically. Traditional research into aging across cultures painted a picture of Asia as a sort of communicative oasis for elders, who were revered and communicated to by the younger generations in a respectful and mutually pleasing manner. Compelling evidence now suggests the opposite, which is that (interregion variability in results notwithstanding) elder denigration may be more pronounced in Eastern than Western cultures. Accelerated population aging, rural-to-urban shifts in migration, new technologies, rapid industrialization, and the erosion of cultural traditions such as filial piety, may partially account for these results. Additionally, there are well-established links between communication and the mental health of older people. Specifically, communication accommodation in all of its forms (e.g., over accommodation, nonaccommodation, accommodation) holds great promise as a core predictor of a range of mental health outcomes for older people across cultures.

scholarly journals Effects of Ischemic Post-Conditioning on the Expressions of LC3-II and Beclin-1 in the Hippocampus of Rats after Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liquan Huang ◽  
Zizhuo Liu ◽  
Lingcong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Akt Inhibitor ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Hippocampus Neuron ◽  
Related Proteins

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of postconditioning ischemia on the expressions of the hippocampus neuron autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and Beclin-1 in rats following cerebral ischemia reperfusion.MethodsA total of 128 male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR), cerebral ischemia post-conditioning group (IP), and PI3K/Akt inhibitor (LY294002). The rat cerebral ischemia model was established by the improved Pulsinelli four vessel occlusion method. The durations across the platform and escape latent period were recorded using the water maze experiment. The changes in cell morphology and the number of surviving hippocampal neurons were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The cells with Beclin-1 and LC3-II in the hippocampal region were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.ResultsWhen compared with the IR at 48 and 72 h, the number of platform passes increased and the escape latency time was shortened. Consequently, the HE staining detected positive cells with LC3-II and Beclin-1 increased in number at each time point in immunohistochemistry and the expressions of the LC3-II and Beclin-1 proteins were improved in the IP (P < 0.05).ConclusionsCerebral ischemic post-conditioning promoted the expressions of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and Beclin-1 while relieving the injuries caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion.

Intestinal Microbiota in Bone Marrow Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. SCI-51-SCI-51
Author(s):  
Robert R. Jenq
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Allogeneic Bone

Abstract Abstract SCI-51 Regulators of the intestinal flora include diet, antibiotics, and importantly, intestinal inflammation. As a result, the cause-effect relationships between intestinal inflammation and changes in microbiota have been difficult to define. The success of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo BMT), a standard therapy for conditions including hematopoietic malignancies and inherited hematopoietic disorders, is limited by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) morbidity and mortality. With GVHD, vigorous activation of donor immune cells, most importantly T cells, leads to damage of the skin, liver, hematopoietic system, and gut. The major sources of immune activation are histocompatibility complex differences between donor and recipient. Combinations of chemotherapy and radiation also contribute, as damage to the intestinal epithelium results in systemic exposure to microbial products normally sequestered in the intestinal lumen. We have demonstrated in murine and human recipients of allo BMT that intestinal inflammation secondary to GVHD is associated with major shifts in the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The microbiota, in turn, can modulate the severity of intestinal inflammation. In mouse models of GVHD we observed loss of overall diversity and expansion of Lactobacillales and loss of Clostridiales. Eliminating Lactobacillales from the flora of mice prior to BMT aggravated GVHD, while reintroducing the predominant species of Lactobacillus mediated significant protection against GVHD. We then characterized the gut flora of patients during onset of intestinal inflammation due to GVHD and found patterns mirroring those in mice. We also identified increased microbial chaos soon after allo BMT as a potential risk factor for subsequent GVHD. Together, these data demonstrate regulation of flora by intestinal inflammation, and suggest that flora manipulation may reduce intestinal inflammation and improve outcomes for allo BMT recipients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides have divergent effects on colitis and commensal microbiota in HLA-B27 transgenic rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petya T. Koleva ◽  
Rosica S. Valcheva ◽  
Xu Sun ◽  
Michael G. Gänzle ◽  
Levinus A. Dieleman
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Transgenic Rats ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Total Bacteria

Modulation of intestinal microbiota by non-digestible carbohydrates may reduce inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on intestinal microbiota and colitis in HLA-B27 transgenic rats, a well-validated rodent model for IBD. In this study, 4-week-old rats were fed 8 g/kg body weight inulin or FOS for 12 weeks, or not. Faeces were collected at 4 and 16 weeks of age; and caecal samples were collected at necropsy. The effects of inulin and FOS on chronic intestinal inflammation were assessed using a gross gut score, histology score and levels of mucosal IL-1β. Intestinal microbiota were characterised by quantitative PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Colitis was significantly reduced in all FOS-fed rats compared to the control diet, whereas inulin decreased chronic intestinal inflammation in only half the number of animals. Quantitative analysis of caecal microbiota demonstrated that inulin increased the numbers of total bacteria and theBacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonasgroup, FOS increased bifidobacteria, and both fructans decreasedClostridiumcluster XI. In the faecal samples, both inulin and FOS decreased total bacteria,Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonasgroup, andClostridiumclusters XI and XIVa. FOS increasedBifidobacteriumspp., and mediated a decrease of gene copies of Enterobacteriaceae andClostridium difficiletoxin B in faeces. SCFA concentrations in the faecal and caecal samples were unaffected by the diets. In conclusion, FOS increased the abundance ofBifidobacteriumspp., whereas both fructans reducedClostridiumcluster XI andC. difficiletoxin gene expression, correlating with a reduction of chronic intestinal inflammation.

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