scholarly journals Monitoring of Marine Biofilm Formation Dynamics at Submerged Solid Surfaces With Multitechnique Sensors

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Grzegorczyk ◽  
Stanisław Józef Pogorzelski ◽  
Aneta Pospiech ◽  
Katarzyna Boniewicz-Szmyt
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Marine Biofilm ◽  
Formation Dynamics

scholarly journals Suppressive Effects of Octyl Gallate on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation, Acidogenicity, and Gene Expression

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vika Gabe ◽  
Tomas Kacergius ◽  
Saleh Abu-Lafi ◽  
Mouhammad Zeidan ◽  
Basheer Abu-Farich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Expression Change ◽  
Biofilm Development

The accumulation of biofilm by Streptococcus mutans bacteria on hard tooth tissues leads to dental caries, which remains one of the most prevalent oral diseases. Hence, the development of new antibiofilm agents is of critical importance. The current study reports the results from testing the effectiveness of octyl gallate (C8-OG) against: (1) S. mutans biofilm formation on solid surfaces (polystyrene, glass), (2) acidogenicity, (3) and the expression of biofilm-related genes. The amount of biofilm formed by S. mutans bacteria was evaluated using the colorimetric method and optical profilometry. The pH of the biofilm growth medium was measured with microelectrode. A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess the expression of genes encoding glucan binding protein B (gbpB), glucosyltransferases B, -C, -D (gtfB, -C, -D), and the F-ATPase β subunit of the F1 protein (atpD). The results show that C8-OG significantly diminished biofilm formation by exposed S. mutans on solid surfaces and suppressed acidogenicity in a dose-dependent manner, compared to unexposed bacteria (p < 0.05). The C8-OG concentration of 100.24 µM inhibited S. mutans biofilm development on solid surfaces by 100% and prevented a decrease in pH levels by 99%. In addition, the RT-qPCR data demonstrate that the biofilm-producing bacteria treated with C8-OG underwent a significant reduction in gene expression in the case of the four genes under study (gbpB, gtfC, gtfD, and atpD), and there was a slight decrease in expression of the gtfB gene. However, C8-OG treatments did not produce significant expression change compared to the control for the planktonic cells, although there was a significant increase for the atpD gene. Therefore, C8-OG might be a potent antibiofilm and/or anticaries agent for oral formulations that aim to reduce the prevalence of dental caries.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation byMycobacterium bovis: Influence of Surface Kind and Temperatures of Sanitizer Treatments on Biofilm Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria O. Adetunji ◽  
Aderemi O. Kehinde ◽  
Olayemi K. Bolatito ◽  
Jinru Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Liver Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Steel Surfaces

Mycobacterium boviscauses classic bovine tuberculosis, a zoonosis which is still a concern in Africa. Biofilm forming ability of twoMycobacterium bovisstrains was assessed on coupons of cement, ceramic, or stainless steel in three different microbiological media at 37°C with agitation for 2, 3, or 4 weeks to determine the medium that promotes biofilm. Biofilm mass accumulated on coupons was treated with 2 sanitizers (sanitizer A (5.5 mg L−1active iodine) and sanitizer B (170.6 g1alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, 78 g−1didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, 107.25 g L−1glutaraldehyde, 146.25 g L−1isopropanol, and 20 g L−1pine oil) at 28 and 45°C and in hot water at 85°C for 5 min. Residual biofilms on treated coupons were quantified using crystal violet binding assay. The two strains had a similar ability to form biofilms on the three surfaces. More biofilms were developed in media containing 5% liver extract. Biofilm mass increased as incubation time increased till the 3rd week. More biofilms were formed on cement than on ceramic and stainless steel surfaces. Treatment with hot water at 85°C reduced biofilm mass, however, sanitizing treatments at 45°C removed more biofilms than at 28°C. However, neither treatment completely eliminated the biofilms. The choice of processing surface and temperatures used for sanitizing treatments had an impact on biofilm formation and its removal from solid surfaces.

scholarly journals Gliding Motility Revisited: How Do the Myxobacteria Move without Flagella?

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia M. F. Mauriello ◽  
Tâm Mignot ◽  
Zhaomin Yang ◽  
David R. Zusman
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
Gliding Motility ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Body Formation ◽  
Periplasmic Flagella ◽  
Motile Bacterium

SUMMARY In bacteria, motility is important for a wide variety of biological functions such as virulence, fruiting body formation, and biofilm formation. While most bacteria move by using specialized appendages, usually external or periplasmic flagella, some bacteria use other mechanisms for their movements that are less well characterized. These mechanisms do not always exhibit obvious motility structures. Myxococcus xanthus is a motile bacterium that does not produce flagella but glides slowly over solid surfaces. How M. xanthus moves has remained a puzzle that has challenged microbiologists for over 50 years. Fortunately, recent advances in the analysis of motility mutants, bioinformatics, and protein localization have revealed likely mechanisms for the two M. xanthus motility systems. These results are summarized in this review.

scholarly journals Cellulose modulates biofilm formation by counteracting curli-mediated colonization of solid surfaces in Escherichia coli

Microbiology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 2017-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Gualdi ◽  
Letizia Tagliabue ◽  
Stefano Bertagnoli ◽  
Teresa Ieranò ◽  
Cristina De Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Solid Surfaces

scholarly journals Surface waves control bacterial attachment and formation of biofilms in thin layers

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. eaaz9386
Author(s):  
Sung-Ha Hong ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Gorce ◽  
Horst Punzmann ◽  
Nicolas Francois ◽  
Michael Shats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wave Patterns ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Transport Channels

Formation of bacterial biofilms on solid surfaces within a fluid starts when bacteria attach to the substrate. Understanding environmental factors affecting the attachment and the early stages of the biofilm development will help develop methods of controlling the biofilm growth. Here, we show that biofilm formation is strongly affected by the flows in thin layers of bacterial suspensions controlled by surface waves. Deterministic wave patterns promote the growth of patterned biofilms, while wave-driven turbulent motion discourages patterned attachment of bacteria. Strong biofilms form under the wave antinodes, while inactive bacteria and passive particles settle under nodal points. By controlling the wavelength, its amplitude, and horizontal mobility of the wave patterns, one can shape the biofilm and either enhance the growth or discourage the formation of the biofilm. The results suggest that the deterministic wave-driven transport channels, rather than hydrodynamic forces acting on microorganisms, determine the preferred location for the bacterial attachment.

scholarly journals Fluorescence-Based Quasicontinuous andIn SituMonitoring of Biofilm Formation Dynamics in Natural Marine Environments

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 3721-3728 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fischer ◽  
G. Friedrichs ◽  
T. Lachnit
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Initial Attachment ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
Formation Dynamics ◽  
Adaptation Phase

ABSTRACTAnalyzing the dynamics of biofilm formation helps to deepen our understanding of surface colonization in natural environments. While methods for screening biofilm formation in the laboratory are well established, studies in marine environments have so far been based upon destructive analysis of individual samples and provide only discontinuous snapshots of biofilm establishment. In order to explore the development of biofilm over time and under various biotic and abiotic conditions, we applied a recently developed optical biofilm sensor to quasicontinuously analyze marine biofilm dynamicsin situ. Using this technique in combination with microscope-assisted imaging, we investigated biofilm formation from its beginning to mature multispecies biofilms. In contrast to laboratory studies on biofilm formation, a smooth transition from initial attachment to colony formation and exponential growth could not be observed in the marine environment. Instead, initial attachment was followed by an adaptation phase of low growth and homogeneously distributed solitary bacterial cells. Moreover, we observed a diurnal variation of biofilm signal intensity, suggesting a transient state of biofilm formation of bacteria. Overall, the biofilm formation dynamics could be modeled by three consecutive development stages attributed to initial bacterial attachment, bacterial growth, and attachment and growth of unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms. Additional experiments showed that the presence of seaweed considerably shortened the adaptation phase in comparison with that on control surfaces but yielded similar growth rates. The outlined examples highlight the advantages of a quasicontinuousin situdetection that enabled, for the first time, the exploration of the initial attachment phase and the diurnal variation during biofilm formation in natural ecosystems.

scholarly journals Characterization of Colony Morphology Variants Isolated from Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilms

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 2030-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magee Allegrucci ◽  
Karin Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Initial Attachment

ABSTRACT In this study, we report the isolation of colony morphology variants from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 biofilms. The colony variants differed in colony size (large, medium, and small) and their mucoid appearance on blood agar. The small nonmucoid variant (SCV) emerged during the initial attachment stage of S. pneumoniae biofilm formation and dominated over the course of biofilm growth. Mucoid variants appeared at later biofilm developmental stages. The reduction in colony size/mucoidy correlated with a decrease in capsule production and an increase in initial attachment. The large mucoid variant formed flat unstructured biofilms, failed to aggregate in liquid culture, and adhered poorly to solid surfaces. In contrast, SCVs autoaggregated in liquid culture, hyperadhered to solid surfaces, and formed biofilms with significant three-dimensional structure, mainly in the form of microcolonies. The variants showed similar antibiotic resistance/susceptibility based on a modified Kirby-Bauer test and when grown as biofilms. However, antimicrobial treatment of S. pneumoniae biofilms altered the colony variant's distribution and mainly affected the most interior areas of biofilm microcolonies. To further explore the nature of the variants, the capsule biosynthetic operon (cps3DSUM) was explored in greater detail. The genetic analysis indicated that the emergence of nonmucoid variants was due to a deletion comprising cps3DSU as well as additional genes upstream of the cps3 operon. Overall, our findings suggest that in vitro biofilm formation of S. pneumoniae serotype 3 coincides with the emergence of colony variants with distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of Micro- and Nanoscale Topography on the Adhesion of Bacterial Cells to Solid Surfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 2703-2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian C. Hsu ◽  
Jean Fang ◽  
Diana A. Borca-Tasciuc ◽  
Randy W. Worobo ◽  
Carmen I. Moraru
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Listeria Innocua ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nanoscale Topography ◽  
Key Microorganisms ◽  
Financial Losses

ABSTRACTAttachment and biofilm formation by bacterial pathogens on surfaces in natural, industrial, and hospital settings lead to infections and illnesses and even death. Minimizing bacterial attachment to surfaces using controlled topography could reduce the spreading of pathogens and, thus, the incidence of illnesses and subsequent human and financial losses. In this context, the attachment of key microorganisms, includingEscherichia coli,Listeria innocua, andPseudomonas fluorescens, to silica and alumina surfaces with micron and nanoscale topography was investigated. The results suggest that orientation of the attached cells occurs preferentially such as to maximize their contact area with the surface. Moreover, the bacterial cells exhibited different morphologies, including different number and size of cellular appendages, depending on the topographical details of the surface to which they attached. This suggests that bacteria may utilize different mechanisms of attachment in response to surface topography. These results are important for the design of novel microbe-repellant materials.

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