scholarly journals Contrasting Proteomic Responses of Adult and Larval Coral to High Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal J. McRae ◽  
Anderson B. Mayfield ◽  
Wen-Bin Huang ◽  
Isabelle M. Côté ◽  
Tung-Yung Fan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Protein Trafficking ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Exposure ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

Climate change-induced increases in seawater temperature continue to impact coral reef ecosystems globally. There is a consequent need to characterize the responses of corals to thermal stress to understand the molecular processes underpinning these responses and identify hallmarks of resilience. Here we used an iTRAQ approach to compare the proteomes of adult corals (Pocillopora acuta) that had been thermally conditioned at a control (26°C) or elevated temperature (29.5°C) for three reproductive cycles, as well as the larvae released by these corals. We found that larvae responded more to high-temperature exposure at the protein level than their parents and that different proteins were affected between life stages; a single protein was up-regulated at high temperatures in both adults and their offspring, and its identity is currently unknown. Similarly, different cellular pathways were affected by high-temperature exposure between the coral hosts and their dinoflagellate endosymbionts; proteins involved in translation and protein trafficking were most likely to be affected by high-temperature exposure in the former, with photosynthesis being the most thermo-sensitive process in the latter. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of considering both life stage and the composition of the coral holobiont when using molecular-scale data to model cellular processes associated with responses to future ocean warming.

scholarly journals Prediction of the Tensile Strength of Normal and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Abdi Moghadam ◽  
Ramezan Ali Izadifard
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
High Temperature Exposure ◽  
Temperature Exposure

AbstractThe tensile strength of concrete has a great impact on the performance of concrete structures, especially for members exposed to high temperatures. The inclusion of steel fibers in concrete is one of the measures to retrieve the loss of tensile strength. The previous equations for the prediction of the tensile strength, are valid for conventional concrete and can predict the tensile strength after high-temperature exposure. Therefore, they are unsatisfactory for forecasting the tensile strength of plain and steel fiber reinforced concrete under high-temperature exposure. To establish a model that can effectively simulate the tensile strength of plain concrete, specimens with compressive strengths of 20–80 MPa are tested. Then by performing tensile strength tests on the specimens containing various content of steel fiber, an equation for prediction of the tensile strength at the ambient temperature is proposed. Meanwhile, the tensile strength tests are conducted at temperatures of 100–800 °C to develop a model for high-temperature exposure. The results indicate that an increase of compressive strength from 20 to 84 improves the tensile strength by 169.4%, and the incorporation of 0.25 and 0.5% of steel fibers can improve the tensile strength of normal concrete by 58.48 and 80.29% on average at the tested temperatures, respectively. Moreover, the proposed model is able to predict the tensile strength of normal and steel fiber reinforced concrete exposed to high temperatures accurately. This equation would help a wider application of the steel fibers in the construction industry with the risk of a fire accident.

Optical Properties of Select Particulates After High-Temperature Exposure

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Roop ◽  
Sheldon Jeter ◽  
Said I. Abdel-Khalik ◽  
Clifford K. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Solar Absorptance ◽  
High Temperature Exposure ◽  
Central Receiver ◽  
Total Hemispherical Emittance ◽  
Receiver System ◽  
Temperature Exposure

One increasingly viable option for high temperature concentrator solar power (CSP) is a central receiver system with a particle heating receiver (PHR). A PHR system uses suitable particulates to capture and store energy. It is expected that the particles will be sustained at high temperatures (in the range of 300°C or 400°C to 700°C or 800°C or even 1000°C) on most typical days of plant operation, so there is interest in how the particle optical properties might change after prolonged high-temperature exposure. This paper presents the results from experiments conducted over a 5-month period in which samples of various types of particulates including silica sands and alumina proppants were exposed to high temperatures for extended periods of time. The reflectance of a bed of particles was measured at room temperature in 8 wavelength bands using the 410-Solar reflectometer device developed by Surface Optics Corporation. The infrared emittance was determined using the ETS-100 emissometer instrument, also developed by Surface Optics Corporation [1,2]. Particles were heated to 950°C and 350°C, and measurements were recorded at intervals during the exposure so that trends in the optical properties over time could be observed. From the measured data, the total solar absorptance and total hemispherical emittance at high temperature were computed; these results are also presented.

Creep Properties and Interfacial Microstructure of SiC Whisker Reinforced Si3N4

1989 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan A. Swan ◽  
Colette O'meara
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Creep Resistance ◽  
Interfacial Microstructure ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
High Temperature Exposure ◽  
Temperature Exposure

AbstractPreliminary creep tests were performed on SiC whisker reinforced and matrix Si3N4 material fabricated by the NPS technique. The material was extensively crystallised in the as received material, leaving only thin amorphous films surrounding the grains. No improvement in the creep resistance could be detected for the whisker reinforced material. The deformation mechanisms were found to be that of cavitation in the form of microcracks, predominantly at the whisker/matrix interfaces, and the formation of larger cracks. Extensive oxidation of the samples, as a result of high temperature exposure to air, was observed for the materials tested at 1375°C.

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