scholarly journals Using a UAV-Mounted Multispectral Camera for the Monitoring of Marine Macrophytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Román ◽  
Antonio Tovar-Sánchez ◽  
Irene Olivé ◽  
Gabriel Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Marine Macrophytes ◽  
Caulerpa Prolifera ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz ◽  
Multispectral Camera

Marine macrophytes constitute one of the most productive ecosystems on the planet, as well as one of the most threatened by anthropogenic activities and climate change. Their monitoring is therefore essential, which has experienced a fast methodological evolution in recent years, from traditional in situ sampling to the use of satellite remote sensing, and subsequently by sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). This study aims to advance the monitoring of these ecosystems through the use of a UAV equipped with a 10-band multispectral camera, using different algorithms [i.e., maximum likelihood classifier (MLC), minimum distance classifier (MDC), and spectral angle classifier (SAC)], and using the Bay of Cádiz Natural Park (southern Spain) as a case of study. The results obtained with MLC confirm the suitability of this technique for detecting and differentiating seagrass meadows in a range of 0–2 m depth and the efficiency of this tool for studying and monitoring marine macrophytes in coastal areas. We inferred the existence of a cover of 25452 m2 of Cymodocea nodosa, and macroalgae species such as Caulerpa prolifera, covering 22172 m2 of Santibañez (inner Bay of Cádiz).

scholarly journals Contribution of the UAS to the determination of the water budget in a coastal wetland: a case study in the natural park of the Bay of Cádiz (SW Spain)

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 965-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago García-López ◽  
Verónica Ruiz-Ortiz ◽  
Luis Barbero ◽  
Ángel Sánchez-Bellón
Keyword(s):  
Water Budget ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Sw Spain ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz

scholarly journals Territorial impacts of sea-level rise in marsh environments. The case of the Bay of Cádiz, Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Vázquez Pinillos ◽  
M.J. Marchena Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
New Situation

How can sea-level rise affect territory? Has territorial planning adjusted to this new situation? This paper analyses the possible ramifications of changes in tidal recurrence over the course of this century in a potentially vulnerable marsh environment, such as the Bay of Cádiz, in southern Spain, where sea-level rise is already a fact. For that purpose, the regionalisation criterion is used as a basis for adjusting the magnitude of global problems to subregional scale. Geographic information systems are applied to portray the forecasted territorial changes according to the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the years 2050 and 2100. Projections of sea-level rise show that the tide is travelling farther inland, not just invading unoccupied areas of marshes and beaches but also reaching urban and productive areas. Estimates indicate that the floodable area could expand by more than 20% in 2050, with a further 2,000 ha of flooded areas added in 2100 for either of the two scenarios used. The occurrence of these changes, regardless of the model used, would therefore entail an alteration of the environmental, social, cultural and economic values and elements of the Bay of Cádiz, with the Natural Park being the most affected area. In response to these consequences, the need to apply the resulting projections to other variables is insisted on, with a view to introducing territorial management tailored to this new and already present reality. Application of the regionalisation criterion to study repercussions of the climate crisis in the Bay of Cádiz could serve as a precedent for the development of adaptation strategies in other marsh environments at subregional or local level.

Restoring subtidal marine macrophytes in the Anthropocene: trajectories and future-proofing

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 936 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wood ◽  
E. M. Marzinelli ◽  
M. A. Coleman ◽  
A. H. Campbell ◽  
N. S. Santini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Marine Macrophytes ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Anthropogenic activities have caused profound changes globally in biodiversity, species interactions and ecosystem functions and services. In terrestrial systems, restoration has emerged as a useful approach to mitigate these changes, and is increasingly recognised as a tool to fortify ecosystems against future disturbances. In marine systems, restoration is also gaining traction as a management tool, but it is still comparatively scant and underdeveloped relative to terrestrial environments. Key coastal habitats, such as seaweed forests and seagrass meadows are showing widespread patterns of decline around the world. As these important ecosystems increasingly become the target of emerging marine restoration campaigns, it is important not only to address current environmental degradation issues, but also to focus on the future. Given the rate at which marine and other environments are changing, and given predicted increases in the frequency and magnitude of multiple stressors, we argue for an urgent need for subtidal marine macrophyte restoration efforts that explicitly incorporate future-proofing in their goals. Here we highlight emerging scientific techniques that can help achieve this, and discuss changes to managerial, political and public frameworks that are needed to support scientific innovation and restoration applications at scale.

scholarly journals Coastal Ecosystem Services Assessment in the Framework of the Climate Change Effects: Study Case Bay of Cadiz Natural Park (Spain)

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Alba López-Herrera ◽  
J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz ◽  
María Luisa Pérez-Cayeiro
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Regulation Services ◽  
Protected Natural Area ◽  
Services Evaluation ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz

An ecosystem service assessment in the Bay of Cadiz Natural Park has been undergone in relation to the effects of climate change. The ecosystems in the study area were analyzed and 3 different types were indentified: 1) beaches and dunes, 2) marshes and 3) marine environment (including the marine phanerogam meadows), and the ecosystem services (providing, regulating and cultural services) that these ecosystems offer have also been identified. The services state was valued to determine which ones are the most exposed and which the most vulnerable to the climate change effects and its possible future trends through climatic simulators has been made. The results allowed to conclude that most of the ecosystem services showed a negative trend, especially the regulation services which are more associated with the climate change phenomenon. Keywords: Protected natural area, ecosystem services, evaluation of ecosystems, human well-being, climate change.

scholarly journals Profiling of Phenolic Natural Products in the Seagrass Zostera noltei by UPLC-MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Manck ◽  
Ester Quintana ◽  
Rocío Suárez ◽  
Fernando G. Brun ◽  
Ignacio Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Marine Plants ◽  
Zostera Noltei ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz

Seagrasses are marine plants that play important ecological functions in coastal ecosystems. The species Zostera noltei is widely distributed along the European coasts thriving in a variety of environmental conditions. In this study, the phenolic natural products of Z. noltei have been analyzed quantitatively by using UPLC-MS. Plants from the Natural Park of the Bay of Cadiz (Spain) were shown to contain rosmarinic acid (1) and the flavonoids apigenin-7- O-glucoside (2), luteolin-7-sulfate (7), apigenin-7-sulfate (8), diosmetin-7-sulfate (9), and acacetin-7-sulfate (10). The analysis by UPLC-MS of extracts allowed the quantification of all the compounds and evidenced the intraspecific variations in the profile of natural products among plants collected at different dates and locations within the Bay. The flavonoids 2, and 7-10 were present in all the analyzed samples with a total flavonoid content in the range 12.8–72.3 mg/g dry wt, while rosmarinic acid (1) was only present in some samples, reaching up to 19.6 mg/g dry wt. A distinctive feature of plants from the Bay of Cadiz is the common presence of apigenin-7-sulfate (8) as major flavonoid, differing from plants from other regions whose major flavonoid is diosmetin-7-sulfate (9).

CONSERVATION OF RARE SPECIES PLANTS AND LICHENS IN SITU WITH PLANNED ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES: BASIC APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION PRINCIPLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
A. N. EFREMOV ◽  
N. V. PLIKINA ◽  
T. ABELI
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Social Risks

Rare species are most vulnerable to man-made impacts, due to their biological characteristics or natural resource management. As a rule, the economic impact is associated with the destruction and damage of individual organisms, the destruction or alienation of habitats. Unfortunately, the conservation of habitat integrity is an important protection strategy, which is not always achievable in the implementation of industrial and infrastructural projects. The aim of the publication is to summarize the experience in the field of protection of rare species in the natural habitat (in situ), to evaluate and analyze the possibility of using existing methods in design and survey activities. In this regard, the main methodological approaches to the protection of rare species in the natural habitat (in situ) during the proposed economic activity were reflected. The algorithm suggested by the authors for implementing the in situ project should include a preparatory stage (initial data collection, preliminary risk assessments, technology development, obtaining permitting documentation), the main stage, the content of which is determined by the selected technology and a long monitoring stage, which makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the taken measures. Among the main risks of in situ technology implementation, the following can be noted: the limited resources of the population that do not allow for the implementation of the procedure without prior reproduction of individuals in situ (in vitro); limited knowledge of the biology of the species; the possibility of invasion; the possibility of crossing for closely related species that сo-exist in the same habitat; social risks and consequences, target species or population may be important for the local population; financial risks during the recovery of the population. The available experience makes it possible to consider the approach to the conservation of rare species in situ as the best available technology that contributes to reducing negative environmental risks.

scholarly journals UAS Identify and Monitor Unusual Small-Scale Rhythmic Features in the Bay of Cádiz (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Lara Talavera ◽  
Javier Benavente ◽  
Laura Del Río
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz

Unusual shore-normal and barred-like rhythmic features were found in Camposoto Beach (Bay of Cádiz, SW Spain) during a monitoring program using unmanned aerial systems (UAS). They appeared in the backshore and persisted for 6 months (October 2017–March 2018). Their characteristics and possible formation mechanism were investigated analyzing: (1) UAS-derived high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), (2) hydrodynamic conditions, and (3) sediment samples. The results revealed that the features did not migrate spatially, that their wavelength was well predicted by the edge wave theory, and that they shared characteristics with both small-scale low-energy finger bars (e.g., geometry/appearance and amplitude) and swash cusps (e.g., wavelength, seaward circulation pattern, and finer and better sorted material in the runnels with respect to the crests). Our findings pinpoint to highly organized swash able to reach the backshore during spring tides under low-energy and accretionary conditions as well as backwash enhanced by conditions of water-saturated sediment. This study demonstrates that rhythmic features can appear under different modalities and beach locations than the ones observed up to date, and that their unusual nature may be attributed to the low spatiotemporal resolution of the traditional coastal surveying methods in comparison with novel technologies such as UAS.

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