scholarly journals Spatial Distribution, Diversity, and Activity of Microbial Phototrophs in the Baltic Sea

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peihang Xu ◽  
Christian Furbo Reeder ◽  
Carolin Regina Löscher
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Baltic

Microbial plankton is essential for ocean biogeochemistry. As part of the prokaryotic phototrophic microbial community, both oxygenic phototrophs (OP) and anoxygenic phototrophs (AP) are widely distributed in the ocean and may play a significant role in carbon flow and oxygen production. However, comparative studies of microbial OP and AP have received very little attention, even though their different roles might be important in various marine environments, especially in oxygen minimum zones (OMZ). We explored the spatial distribution of the microbial community in the Baltic Sea, including an OMZ region, with a particular focus on the distribution and activity of OP and AP. We used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in combination with a qPCR-based quantification of photosynthesis marker genes. We found that specific bacterial groups dominated surface and intermediate depths, the OMZ, and deep waters, respectively. Salinity, temperature, oxygen, and depth were significant factors explaining the microbial community composition and distribution. A high diversity of OP and AP was observed, including OP-Chlorophyta, Diatoms, Cyanobacteria and Cryptomonads, and AP-Proteobacteria and Chloroflexota. OP were more abundant at most stations compared to AP. OP showed high photosynthetic activity and more photosynthesis activity in higher temperature and upper waters, while AP photosynthesis cannot be detected in most stations. Both, cyanobacterial and eukaryotic OP preferred to live in higher temperature and upper waters, but Cyanobacteria also preferred to live in oxic water while the whole OP community showed preference to live in higher salinity area. However, AP did not show any significant hydrochemical preference but prefer to live with OP community. The Baltic Sea is exposed to multiple climate change related stressors, such as warming, decreasing salinity, and deoxygenation. This study contributes to understanding and interpretation of how microbial community, especially phototrophic groups, might shift in their distribution and activity in a changing ocean like the Baltic Sea.

The role of anoxygenic phototrophs in the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peihang Xu ◽  
Christian Furbo Christiansen ◽  
Carolin Löscher
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Photosynthetic Reaction Center ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Anoxygenic Phototrophs ◽  
Gene Abundance ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The Baltic

<p>Both oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (OPB and APB, respectively) are widely distributed in the ocean and play significant roles in carbon cycle and marine productivity. These organisms capture light as energy source via chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophylls-based photosystems. While OPB are relatively well studied, information on APB is rather scarce although they have been shown abundant in some ocean ecosystems and may play an important role in oxygen depleted environments. Here, we investigate the spatial profile of OPB and APB, gene abundance and expression of the key functional marker gene <em>pufM </em>(APB specific photosynthetic reaction center subunit M), in one fjord and three basins of the Baltic Sea using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and qPCR. Among the microbial community, abundances of OPB and APB were found to be similar thus emphasizing a potential importance of APB, with APB representing 1.6-17.5% and OPB representing 0.5-20%. Among APB, we identified eleven different orders, with <em>Rhodobacterales</em> being quantitatively dominant. The identified seven orders of OPB were dominated by <em>Synechococcales</em>. OPB were more abundant than APB in surface waters (<8m), while APB were comparably more abundant in deeper waters. Besides a depth-dependent distribution, we observed an impact of salinity on the distribution of APB and OPB, both of which being suggestive of distinct niches for those primary producer clades. <em>pufM</em> gene abundance ranged from 10<sup>4</sup> to 10<sup>9</sup> copies/L, with highest counts detectable in the mixed layer (<40m), however, even in deeper waters where gene abundances decreased APB <em>pufM</em> gene expression was high with up to 10<sup>4</sup> copies/L. These results indicate APB may play a more important role in marine primary productivity which has been underestimated before. </p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the microbial community structure of potable water samples from occupied and unoccupied buildings using16S rRNA amplicon sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimothy L Smith ◽  
Howard A Shuman ◽  
Douglas Findeisen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Oxford Nanopore

AbstractWe conducted two studies of water samples from buildings with normal occupancy and water usage compared to water from buildings that were unoccupied with little or no water usage due to the COVID-19 shutdown. Study 1 had 52 water samples obtained ad hoc from buildings in four metropolitan locations in different states in the US and a range of building types. Study 2 had 36 water samples obtained from two buildings in one metropolitan location with matched water sample types. One of the buildings had been continuously occupied, and the other substantially vacant for approximately 3 months. All water samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing with a MinION from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. More than 127 genera of bacteria were identified, including genera with members that are known to include more than 50 putative frank and opportunistic pathogens. While specific results varied among sample locations, 16S rRNA amplicon abundance and the diversity of bacteria were higher in water samples from unoccupied buildings than normally occupied buildings as was the abundance of sequenced amplicons of genera known to include pathogenic bacterial members. In both studies Legionella amplicon abundance was relatively small compared to the abundance of the other bacteria in the samples. Indeed, when present, the relative abundance of Legionella amplicons was lower in samples from unoccupied buildings. Legionella did not predominate in any of the water samples and were found, on average, in 9.6% of samples in Study 1 and 8.3% of samples in Study 2.SynopsisComparison of microbial community composition in the plumbing of occupied and unoccupied buildings during the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown.

The first large-scale assessment of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) biomass and spatial distribution in the Baltic Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1653-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Olsson ◽  
Eglė Jakubavičiūtė ◽  
Olavi Kaljuste ◽  
Niklas Larsson ◽  
Ulf Bergström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic Proper ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bothnian Sea

Abstract Declines in predatory fish in combination with the impact of climate change and eutrophication have caused planktivores, including three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), to increase dramatically in parts of the Baltic Sea. Resulting impacts of stickleback on coastal and offshore foodwebs have been observed, highlighting the need for increased knowledge on its population characteristics. In this article, we quantify abundance, biomass, size structure, and spatial distribution of stickleback using data from the Swedish and Finnish parts of the Baltic International Acoustic Survey (BIAS) during 2001–2014. Two alternative methods for biomass estimation suggest an increase in biomass of stickleback in the Baltic Proper, stable or increasing mean size over time, and larger individuals toward the north. The highest abundance was found in the central parts of the Baltic Proper and Bothnian Sea. The proportion of stickleback biomass in the total planktivore biomass increased from 4 to 10% in the Baltic Proper and averaged 6% of the total planktivore biomass in the Bothnian Sea. In some years, however, stickleback biomass has ranged from half to almost twice that of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in both basins. Given the recent population expansion of stickleback and its potential role in the ecosystem, we recommend that stickleback should be considered in future monitoring programmes and in fisheries and environmental management of the Baltic Sea.

FOREIGN TOURISTS IN THE PROVINCE OF WESTERN POMERANIA IN 2006-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Czesław Koźmiński
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Overnight Stays

Purpose. To assess the number, structure, seasonality and duration of foreign tourists’ visits to the Province of Western Pomerania in 2006-2016 as well as to identify preferred destinations in the Province. Methods. The research was based on monthly and annual data on foreign tourists’ visits and overnight stays in Western Pomerania counties in 2006-2016. The data supplied by the Statistical Office in Szczecin were used to model: the temporal (by month) and spatial (by country) distribution of the number of foreign tourists in the Province, the variability and seasonality of the tourism flow, and the mean duration of stay at accommodation facilities. Statistical data from counties situated in Lakeland areas were used to assess the numbers of foreign tourists visiting Western Pomeranian Lakelands. Results. The analysis showed positive, highly significant linear trends in the number of foreign tourists’ visits to the Province (R²=0.7369) and in overnight stays (R²=0.8309) over the analysed period (2006-2016). Foreign tourists accounted for 23.6% of all the tourists visiting Western Pomerania; they stayed for an average of 5.0-5.5 days depending on the year, no distinct trend in the duration of stay being visible. Seasonality in the foreign tourists’ visits, as expressed by the ratio between the number of tourists in summer (June-August) and winter (December-February) and averaging 2.4, was almost two times lower than that of Polish tourists, an effect resulting from a fairly uniform distribution of visits for recreation and medical treatment throughout the year. The coefficient of variation (CV) was found to range from 15.7% in June to 26.7% in February. Due to weather conditions, 37.1% of the annual number of foreign tourists (mainly from Germany) come in summer months (June-August). The preferred destination of foreign tourists in the Province of Western Pomerania is the Baltic Sea coast (63.6% of all visits); the city of Szczecin attracts 30.1% of all the foreign tourists, whereas Western Pomeranian Lakelands are visited by as few as 3.2%. A similar percentage (3.1%) visit the seven remaining counties. Tourists stay the longest (7.1 days on average) at the seaside, the shortest visits (1.9 day) occurring in Szczecin and Koszalin. Research and conclusions limitations. A more detailed assessment of the temporal and spatial distribution of foreign tourists’ visits in the Province is hampered by incomplete reports on tourism flow in numerous municipalities. Compared to the Baltic Sea, more beneficial thermal conditions in lakes (water temperature higher by 2Cº- 4 Cº) and a longer (by 2-3 weeks) bathing season should be taken advantage of by regional and local authorities and tourist organisations to promote foreign tourists visits to and stays in the Lakeland areas. Originality. Local authorities and tourist organisations should monitor and analyse the increase in the number of foreign tourists’ visits from year to year, and should pay attention to the highly uneven spatial distribution of foreign tourists’ visits. Practical implication. The results obtained should help local governments and tourist organisations to improve services used by foreigners in the province. Type of work. Results of empirical studies are presented.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of the Baltic Sea Near-Shore Wave Power Potential along the Coast of Klaipėda, Lithuania

Energies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egidijus Kasiulis ◽  
Jens Kofoed ◽  
Arvydas Povilaitis ◽  
Algirdas Radzevičius
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Wave Power Potential

scholarly journals Dissection of Microbial Community Functions during a Cyanobacterial Bloom in the Baltic Sea via Metatranscriptomics

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Berg ◽  
Chris L. Dupont ◽  
Johannes Asplund-Samuelsson ◽  
Narin A. Celepli ◽  
Alexander Eiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Shifts in the microbial community in the Baltic Sea with increasing CO<sub>2</sub>

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K .J. Crawfurd ◽  
C .P. D. Brussaard ◽  
U. Riebesell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Viral Lysis ◽  
Large Shift ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Ocean acidification, due to dissolution of anthropogenically produced carbon dioxide is considered a major threat to marine ecosystems. The Baltic Sea, with extremely low salinity and thus low pH buffering capacity, is likely to experience stronger variation in pH than the open ocean with increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. We examined the effects of ocean acidification on the microbial community during summer using large volume in situ mesocosms to simulate present to future and far future scenarios. We saw distinct trends with increasing CO2 in each of the 6 groups of phytoplankton with diameters below 20 μm that we enumerated by flow cytometry. Of these groups two picoeukaryotic groups increased in abundance whilst the other groups, including prokaryotic Synechococcus spp., decreased with increasing CO2. Gross growth rates increased with increasing CO2 in the dominant picoeukaryote group sufficient to double their abundances whilst reduced grazing allowed the other picoeukaryotes to flourish at higher CO2. Significant increases in lysis rates were seen at higher CO2 in these two picoeukaryote groups. Converting abundances to particulate organic carbon we saw a large shift in the partitioning of carbon between the size fractions which lasted throughout the experiment. The heterotrophic prokaryotes largely followed the algal biomass with responses to increasing CO2 reflecting the altered phytoplankton community dynamics. Similarly, higher viral abundances at higher CO2 seemed related to increased prokaryote biomass. Viral lysis and grazing were equally important controlling prokaryotic abundances. Overall our results point to a shift towards a more regenerative system with potentially increased productivity but reduced carbon export.

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