scholarly journals The Morphological, Clinical and Radiological Outputs of the Preclinical Study After Treatment of the Osteochondral Lesions in the Porcine Knee Model Using Implantation of Scaffold Based on the of Calcium Phosphate Biocement

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Vdoviaková ◽  
Ján Danko ◽  
Lenka Krešáková ◽  
Veronika Šimaiová ◽  
Eva Petrovová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Native Cartilage ◽  
Stifle Joint

The symptomatic full-thickness cartilage lesions or cartilage degeneration leads to the destruction of the normal chondral architecture and bone structure in affected area, causes the osteoarthritis, and general damage to the health. Knee joints are most frequently affected by this condition. The permanent damage of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone has motivated many scientists and clinicians to explore new methods of regeneration of osteochondral defects, such as novel materials. We studied the potential of the biocement based on calcium phosphate consisting of a mixture of four amino acids (glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and lysine) in the regenerating process of the artificially created osteochondral defect on the porcine medial femoral condyle in the stifle joint. The mass ratio of the amino acids in biocement CAL was 4:2:2:1. The Ca/P ratio in cement was 1.67 which correspond with ratio in hydroxyapatite. We compared the results with spontaneous healing of an artificially created cyst with that of the healthy tissue. The animal group treated with biocement paste CAL presented completely filled osteochondral defects. The results were confirmed by histological and radiological assessments, which have shown regenerated chondral and bone tissue in the examined knee joints. Macroscopic evaluation showed that neocartilage was well integrated with the adjacent native cartilage in animal group with biocement CAL, compared with healing of the artificial cyst, where treated cartilage surfaces were visibly lower than the surrounding native cartilage surface and a border between native and restored tissue was apparent. The qualitative assessment of the implant histology specimens showed full regeneration of the hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone in animals with biocement CAL. The artificial cyst group showed remarkable fibrillation. The detailed MRI analysis of cross-section of osteochondral defect confirmed the complete cartilage and subchondral bone healing where the thickness of the regenerated cartilage was 1.5 mm. The MRI imaging of defects in the artificial cyst group showed incomplete healing, neo cartilage tissue reduced up to 50%.

scholarly journals Characterization of Properties, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate/Amino Acid Cements for Treatment of Osteochondral Defects

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Lubomir Medvecky ◽  
Maria Giretova ◽  
Radoslava Stulajterova ◽  
Jan Danko ◽  
Katarina Vdoviakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Defect Sites

Novel calcium phosphate cements containing a mixture of four amino acids, glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and either lysine or arginine (CAL, CAK) were characterized and used for treatment of artificial osteochondral defects in knee. It was hypothesized that an enhanced concentration of extracellular collagen amino acids (in complex mixture), in connection with bone cement in defect sites, would support the healing of osteochondral defects with successful formation of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone. Calcium phosphate cement mixtures were prepared by in situ reaction in a planetary ball mill at aseptic conditions and characterized. It was verified that about 30–60% of amino acids remained adsorbed on hydroxyapatite particles in cements and the addition of amino acids caused around 60% reduction in compressive strength and refinement of hydroxyapatite particles in their microstructure. The significant over-expression of osteogenic genes after the culture of osteoblasts was demonstrated in the cement extracts containing lysine and compared with other cements. The cement pastes were inserted into artificial osteochondral defects in the medial femoral condyle of pigs and, after 3 months post-surgery, tissues were analyzed macroscopically, histologically, immunohistochemically using MRI and X-ray methods. Analysis clearly showed the excellent healing process of artificial osteochondral defects in pigs after treatment with CAL and CAK cements without any inflammation, as well as formation of subchondral bone and hyaline cartilage morphologically and structurally identical to the original tissues. Good integration of the hyaline neocartilage with the surrounding tissue, as well as perfect interconnection between the neocartilage and new subchondral bone tissue, was demonstrated. Tissues were stable after 12 months’ healing.

scholarly journals In Vivo Study of Osteochondral Defect Regeneration Using Innovative Composite Calcium Phosphate Biocement in a Sheep Model

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4471
Author(s):  
Lenka Kresakova ◽  
Jan Danko ◽  
Katarina Vdoviakova ◽  
Lubomir Medvecky ◽  
Zdenek Zert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Sheep Model

This study aimed to clarify the therapeutic effect and regenerative potential of the novel, amino acids-enriched acellular biocement (CAL) based on calcium phosphate on osteochondral defects in sheep. Eighteen sheep were divided into three groups, the treated group (osteochondral defects filled with a CAL biomaterial), the treated group with a biocement without amino acids (C cement), and the untreated group (spontaneous healing). Cartilages of all three groups were compared with natural cartilage (negative control). After six months, sheep were evaluated by gross appearance, histological staining, immunohistochemical staining, histological scores, X-ray, micro-CT, and MRI. Treatment of osteochondral defects by CAL resulted in efficient articular cartilage regeneration, with a predominant structural and histological characteristic of hyaline cartilage, contrary to fibrocartilage, fibrous tissue or disordered mixed tissue on untreated defect (p < 0.001, modified O’Driscoll score). MRI results of treated defects showed well-integrated and regenerated cartilage with similar signal intensity, regularity of the articular surface, and cartilage thickness with respect to adjacent native cartilage. We have demonstrated that the use of new biocement represents an effective solution for the successful treatment of osteochondral defects in a sheep animal model, can induce an endogenous regeneration of cartilage in situ, and provides several benefits for the design of future therapies supporting osteochondral defect healing.

Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine-SO4 for Repairing Osteochondral Defect in Rabbits

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian K. Kang ◽  
Christopher M. Hill ◽  
Marina V. Demcheva ◽  
John Vournakis ◽  
Yuehuei H. An
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Femoral Trochlea ◽  
Good Healing

Repair of osteochondral defects created in rabbit femoral trochlea were studied using a water-soluble sulfated p-GlcNAc formulation, (Marine Polymer Technologies, Danvers, MA, USA). After 12 weeks of healing empty defects were compared to defects filled with sulfated p-GlcNAc sponge alone and sulfated p-GlcNAc sponge seeded with autologous chondrocytes. The chondrocyte seeded sponge provided the best healing of both cartilage and subchondral bone. The sulfated p-GlcNAc sponge alone did not provide as good healing as the chondrocyte seeded sponge, but healing was still superior to that of the empty defect. This study supports the use of p-GlcNAc sponge to augment healing of osteochondral defects in animal models.

Bone substitutes and implantation depths for subchondral bone repair in osteochondral defects of porcine knee joints

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1401-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Matsuo ◽  
Keisuke Kita ◽  
Tatsuo Mae ◽  
Yasukazu Yonetani ◽  
Satoshi Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Porcine Knee

Concomitant Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation with Osteochondral Grafting for Treatment of a Massive Osteochondral Defect in the Bilateral Knees of a Child

Medicina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimtautas Gudas ◽  
Rasa Simonaitytė ◽  
Emilis Čekanauskas ◽  
Tomas Mickevičius
Keyword(s):  
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Osteochondral Grafting ◽  
Autologous Chondrocyte

We report the case of a 15-year-old patient who underwent concomitant autologous chondrocyte implantation and osteochondral grafting for the treatment of a massive osteochondritis dissecans defect in the left knee and autologous chondrocyte implantation in the right knee joint. Magnetic resonance imaging showed large osteochondral defects in both the knee joints measuring 8–9 cm2. Both defects were located in the weight-bearing areas of the medial femoral condyles. Therefore, simultaneous autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT) for the left knee defect and ACI for the right knee joint were performed. Osteochondral plugs were harvested from the patellofemoral joint of the same left knee and grafted into the most dorsal regions of the large osteochondral defect of the left knee. The remaining osteochondral defect was covered with ACI using collagen type I and III membrane and chondrocyte cells. The membrane was implanted into more proximal part of the osteochondral defect of the left knee. Time interval between operations of the left and right knee joints was 6 months. Magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months after each knee surgery showed good preservation of the OAT and ACI grafts. The most recent follow-up examination, performed 12 months after surgeries, has shown excellent results with an International Knee Documentation Committee score of 95.59±4.64 and 96.88±4.69 for the right and left knee joints, respectively, and full range of knee motions with no symptoms. In this clinical case, the combination of ACI and OAT methods in a one-step procedure produced a good reconstruction of the joint surface with excellent clinical outcomes in the both knee joints of the same patient. Autologous osteochondral grafting and autologous chondrocyte implantation can be combined for the treatment of large osteochondral defects of the knee.

scholarly journals A Col I and BCP ceramic bi-layer scaffold implant promotes regeneration in osteochondral defects

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 3740-3748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanxu Cai ◽  
Ya Yao ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Wen Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Bone Layer

A new bi-layer scaffold composed of Col I and BCP ceramic was prepared to regenerate osteochondral defect. The result demonstrated the bi-layer scaffold could effectively promote the regeneration of both the cartilage and the subchondral bone layer.

Aptamer-Functionalized Bioscaffold Enhances Cartilage Repair by Improving Stem Cell Recruitment in Osteochondral Defects of Rabbit Knees

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2316-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xiongbo Song ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Jiajia Chen ◽  
Guotao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Scaffold Group

Background: Recruitment of endogenous stem cells has been considered an alternative to cell injection/implantation in articular cartilage repair. Purpose: (1) To develop a cartilage tissue-engineering scaffold with clinically available biomaterials and functionalize the scaffold with an aptamer (Apt19s) that specifically recognizes pluripotent stem cells. (2) To determine whether this scaffold could recruit joint-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) when implanted into an osteochondral defect in a rabbit model and to examine the effects of cartilage regeneration. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The reinforced scaffold was fabricated by embedding a silk fibroin sponge into silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid–tyramine hydrogel and characterized in vitro. A cylindrical osteochondral defect (3.2 mm wide × 4 mm deep) was created in the trochlear grooves of rabbit knees. The rabbits were randomly assigned into 3 groups: Apt19s-functionalized scaffold group, scaffold-only group, and control group. Animals were sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation. Repaired tissues were evaluated via gross examination, histologic examination, and immunohistochemistry. Results: In vitro, this aptamer-functionalized scaffold could recruit bone marrow–derived MSCs and support cell adhesion. In vivo, the aptamer-functionalized scaffold enhanced cell homing in comparison with the aptamer-free scaffold. The aptamer-functionalized scaffold group also exhibited superior cartilage restoration when compared with the scaffold-only group and the control group. Conclusion: The Apt19s-functionalized scaffold exhibited the ability to recruit MSCs both in vitro and in vivo and achieved a better outcome of cartilage repair than the scaffold only or control in an osteochondral defect model. Clinical Relevance: The findings demonstrate a promising strategy of using aptamer-functionalized bioscaffolds for restoration of chondral/osteochondral defects via aptamer-introduced homing of MSCs.

scholarly journals Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of Subchondral Bone Regeneration Using Osteochondral Scaffolds in an Ovine Condyle Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Taylor Flaherty ◽  
Maryam Tamaddon ◽  
Chaozong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Osteochondral Scaffold

Osteochondral scaffold technology has emerged as a promising therapy for repairing osteochondral defects. Recent research suggests that seeding osteochondral scaffolds with bone marrow concentrate (BMC) may enhance tissue regeneration. To examine this hypothesis, this study examined subchondral bone regeneration in scaffolds with and without BMC. Ovine stifle condyle models were used for the in vivo study. Two scaffold systems (8 mm diameter and 10 mm thick) with and without BMC were implanted into the femoral condyle, and the tissues were retrieved after six months. The retrieved femoral condyles (with scaffold in) were examined using micro-computed tomography scans (micro-CT), and the micro-CT data were further analysed by ImageJ with respect to trabecular thickness, bone volume to total volume ratio (BV/TV) ratio, and degree of anisotropy of bone. Statistical analysis compared bone regeneration between scaffold groups and sub-set regions. These results were mostly insignificant (p < 0.05), with the exception of bone volume to total volume ratio when comparing scaffold composition and sub-set region. Additional trends in the data were observed. These results suggest that the scaffold composition and addition of BMC did not significantly affect bone regeneration in osteochondral defects after six months. However, this research provides data which may guide the development of future treatments.

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