Long Non-coding RNAs in Gammaherpesvirus Infections: Their Roles in Tumorigenic Mechanisms

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, or posttranscriptional level by interacting with protein, DNA, and RNA. Emerging evidence suggests that various lncRNAs are abnormally expressed and play indispensable roles in virus-triggered cancers. Besides, a growing number of studies have shown that virus-encoded lncRNAs participate in tumorigenesis. However, the functions of most lncRNAs in tumors caused by oncogenic viruses and their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize current findings regarding lncRNAs involved in cancers caused by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV). Additionally, we discuss the contribution of lncRNAs to tumor occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis; the roles of lncRNAs in key signaling pathways and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumor diagnostics and treatment.

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Association of normal oral mucosa with DNA of the main types of oncogenic viruses

Стоматология для всех ◽

10.35556/idr-2020-2(91)60-63 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 60-63

Author(s):

S.I. Kutukova ◽

A.B. Chukhlovin ◽

A.I. Yaremenko ◽

Yu.V. Ivaskova ◽

A.Ya. Razumova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Mucosa ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Oncogenic Viruses ◽

Viral Dna ◽

Dna Viruses ◽

Normal Oral Mucosa ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Ebv Dna ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Hpv 18

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of DNA viruses (HSV I and II, CMV, EBV, HPV6.11, HPV16 and HPV18) in the native oral mucosa of healthy volunteers (n=50; 30 men (60.0%), 20 women (40.0%); 25—74 years, median age — 55.0 years (95% CI 47.60-56.76)). All samples of the normal oral mucosa were detected by real-time PCR to detect viral DNA. The majority of the examined — 76% (33/50) — revealed the DNA: one type of viral DNA in 17 (38.00%) of the examined, a combination of the two types in 14 (28.00%). In the normal oral mucosa, DNA of Epstein-Barr virus was significantly more often detected: 15 (30.00%) (p = 0.0276) and human papilloma viruses 27 (54.00%) (p <0.0001), especially HPV-18 (24 (48.00%)): mono-association in 9 (18.00%) examined and in 7 (14.00%) in combination with EBV DNA (p = 0.0253).

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Radio-Susceptibility of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Focus on Epstein- Barr Virus, MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs and Circular RNAs

Current Molecular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1874467213666191227104646 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 192-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fanghong Lei ◽

Tongda Lei ◽

Yun Huang ◽

Mingxiu Yang ◽

Mingchu Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽

Regulatory Networks ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Epstein Barr

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of head and neck cancer. As a neoplastic disorder, NPC is a highly malignant squamous cell carcinoma that is derived from the nasopharyngeal epithelium. NPC is radiosensitive; radiotherapy or radiotherapy combining with chemotherapy are the main treatment strategies. However, both modalities are usually accompanied by complications and acquired resistance to radiotherapy is a significant impediment to effective NPC therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover effective radio-sensitization and radio-resistance biomarkers for NPC. Recent studies have shown that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded products, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which share several common signaling pathways, can function in radio-related NPC cells or tissues. Understanding these interconnected regulatory networks will reveal the details of NPC radiation sensitivity and resistance. In this review, we discuss and summarize the specific molecular mechanisms of NPC radio-sensitization and radio-resistance, focusing on EBV-encoded products, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs. This will provide a foundation for the discovery of more accurate, effective and specific markers related to NPC radiotherapy. EBVencoded products, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs have emerged as crucial molecules mediating the radio-susceptibility of NPC. This understanding will improve the clinical application of markers and inform the development of novel therapeutics for NPC.

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First Report of Three Major Oncogenic Viruses: Human Papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr Virus And Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in Penile Cancer

Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy ◽

10.4172/2332-0877.1000233 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 03 (05) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Baez CF ◽

da Rocha WM ◽

Afonso LA ◽

Carestiato FN ◽

Guimaraes MAAM ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Penile Cancer ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus ◽

Oncogenic Viruses ◽

Merkel Cell ◽

First Report ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr

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Epstein-Barr Virus Mediated Signaling in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Carcinogenesis

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12092441 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2441 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Timmy Richardo ◽

Pongphol Prattapong ◽

Chawalit Ngernsombat ◽

Nurulfitri Wisetyaningsih ◽

Hisashi Iizasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Ebv Infection ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Exact Relationship

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common tumors occurring in China and Southeast Asia. Etiology of NPC seems to be complex and involves many determinants, one of which is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although evidence demonstrates that EBV infection plays a key role in NPC carcinogenesis, the exact relationship between EBV and dysregulation of signaling pathways in NPC needs to be clarified. This review focuses on the interplay between EBV and NPC cells and the corresponding signaling pathways, which are modulated by EBV oncoproteins and non-coding RNAs. These altered signaling pathways could be critical for the initiation and progression of NPC.

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Viral Causes of Lymphoma: The History of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1

Virology Research and Treatment ◽

10.1177/1178122x17731772 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1178122X1773177 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Daniel Esau

Keyword(s):

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Human Herpesvirus ◽

Kaposi Sarcoma ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Oncogenic Viruses ◽

T Lymphotropic Virus ◽

Barr Virus ◽

History Of ◽

Epstein Barr

In 1964, Epstein, Barr, and Achong published a report outlining their discovery of viral particles in lymphoblasts isolated from a patient with Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the first human cancer virus to be described, and its discovery paved the way for further investigations into the oncogenic potential of viruses. In the decades following the discovery of EBV, multinational research efforts led to the discovery of further viral causes of various human cancers. Lymphomas are perhaps the cancer type that is most closely associated with oncogenic viruses: infection with EBV, human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8, and hepatitis C virus have all been associated with lymphomagenesis. Lymphomas have also played an important role in the history of oncoviruses, as both the first human oncovirus (EBV) and the first human retrovirus (HTLV-1) were discovered through isolates taken from patients with unique lymphoma syndromes. The history of the discovery of these 2 key oncoviruses is presented here, and their impact on further medical research, using the specific example of HIV research, is briefly discussed.

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Identification of potential microRNAs associated with Herpesvirus family based on bioinformatic analysis

10.1101/417782 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Lamkiewicz ◽

Emanuel Barth ◽

Bashar Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Human Herpesvirus ◽

Bioinformatic Analysis ◽

Homologous Gene ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Mirna Detection ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Family Based ◽

Posttranscriptional Level

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known key regulators of gene expression on posttranscriptional level in many organisms encoded in mammals, plants and also several viral families. To date, no homologous gene of a virus-originated miRNA is known in other organisms. To date, only a few homologous miRNA between two different viruses are known, however, no gene of a virus-originated miRNA is known in any organism of other kingdoms. This can be attributed to the fact that classical miRNA detection approaches such as homology-based predictions fail at viruses due to their highly diverse genomes and their high mutation rate.Here, we applied the virus-derived precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) prediction pipeline ViMiFi, which combines information about sequence conservation and machine learning-based approaches, on Human Herpesvirus 7 (HHV7) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). ViMiFi was able to predict 61 candidates in EBV, which has 25 known pre-miRNAs. From these 25, ViMiFi identified 20. It was further able to predict 18 candidates in the HHV7 genome, in which no miRNA had been described yet. We also studied the undescribed candidates of both viruses for potential functions and found similarities with human snRNAs and miRNAs from mammals and plants.

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Mechanisms of B-Cell Oncogenesis Induced by Epstein-Barr Virus

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00238-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 93 (13) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Abhik Saha ◽

Erle S. Robertson

Keyword(s):

B Cell ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

World Population ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

ABSTRACTEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gammaherpesvirus which asymptomatically infects the majority of the world population. Under immunocompromised conditions, EBV can trigger human cancers of epithelial and lymphoid origin. The oncogenic potential of EBV is demonstrated byin vitroinfection and transformation of quiescent B cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). These cell lines, along with primary infection using genetically engineered viral particles coupled with recent technological advancements, have elucidated the underlying mechanisms of EBV-induced B-cell lymphomagenesis.

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