CgNPG1 as a Novel Pathogenic Gene of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides From Hevea brasiliensis in Mycelial Growth, Conidiation, and the Invasive Structures Development

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a tropical perennial crop for the primary source of natural rubber. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Hevea brasiliensis (C. gloeosporioides Hb) and Colletotrichum acutatum from Hevea brasiliensis (C. acutatum Hb) are the causal agents of rubber tree anthracnose and lead to serious loss of natural rubber production. Inoculation tests showed that C. gloeosporioides Hb possessed higher pathogenicity than C. acutatum Hb to the rubber tree. Genomic analysis revealed that an unknown gene, named CgNPG1 (a Novel Pathogenic Gene 1), was presented in the genome of C. gloeosporioides Hb but not identified in C. acutatum Hb. CgNPG1 was predicted to encode a small secretory protein without any conserved domain. To investigate the functions of CgNPG1 in C. gloeosporioides Hb and in C. acutatum Hb, the gene deletion and overexpression mutants were generated. The phenotype analysis showed that deletion of CgNPG1 led to changed conidia morphology, decreased mycelial growth, conidiation, conidia germination rate, appressorium formation rate, and pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides Hb to the rubber tree. Meanwhile, heterogeneous expression of CgNPG1 in C. acutatum Hb significantly changed the conidia morphology and improved the mycelial growth rate, conidiation, conidia germination rate, appressorium formation rate, and the pathogenicity of C. acutatum Hb to the rubber tree. Consistently, CgNPG1 increased the expression level of CaCRZ1 and CaCMK1 in C. acutatum Hb. These data suggested that CgNPG1 contributed to mycelial growth, conidiation, the development of invasive structures, and the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum to the rubber tree, which might be related to the modulation of CaCRZ1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase CMK1. Our results provided new insight into CgNPG1 in regulating growth and pathogenicity of the Colletotrichum spp.

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Eight cycles of half-sib family recurrent selection to improve rubber yield in russian dandelion

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2021-0134 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Wolyn ◽

Gregory Innes

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Selection Response ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Selection For

Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz) produces natural rubber which can complement the world’s supply of this strategic commodity, derived mainly from the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Four cycles of half-sib family recurrent selection conducted previously in russian dandelion improved rubber yield nearly 50%. The objectives of this research were to continue selection for four additional cycles and evaluate progress from eight generations of breeding, and assess the potential for future gains. Rubber yield increased from 0.205 to 0.378 g/plant from Cycle 0 (C0) to C8, representing an 84% improvement, or 10% per cycle. Increases from C0 to C4 were similar to those from C4 to C8. Root dry weight did not increase from selection and improved yield only resulted from enhancing rubber percentage which changed from 4.35 to 7.62%. Selection response has not plateaued and phenotypic variation has not decreased, indicating continued gains can occur with additional breeding.

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Advances in Natural Rubber Production

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538690 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 537-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Abdul Aziz S. A. Kadir

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Management Practices ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Value Added ◽

Raw Material ◽

High Yield ◽

Processing Efficiency ◽

Tropical Timber ◽

Increasing Demand

Abstract This paper will attempt to highlight the various advances made to date in the production and processing of natural rubber (NR). The commercially planted rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, can yield as high as 3,000 kg of rubber per hectare in contrast to the 500 kg rubber per hectare obtained from the wild Amazonian rubber trees. The high yield of commercial rubber trees is attributed to the successful breeding program, efficient development of agronomic and crop management practices and proper exploitation systems. Today, the Hevea brasiliensis trees not only contribute to the supply of world natural rubber, but also to the ever increasing demand of tropical timber. Latex extracted from the rubber tree is processed to meet the specific requirements of the consumers. In the area of processing, emphasis is on the production of NR as an industrial raw material with improved quality and consistency. Efforts are also placed on processing efficiency, optimum product mix and production of value added modified NR such as epoxidized and deproteinized NR. The processing activities also take into consideration the control of processing effluent with appropriate effluent treatments or conversion of effluent to useful materials.

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Inhibition Effect of Piper betle L., Piper porphyrophyllum N.E. Br. and Piper aduncum L. Leaf Extract on the Mycelial Growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) from a Rubber Tree

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1004.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 180-188

Author(s):

Fadli Nasril Nasir ◽

Abdi Dharma Syafrizayanti ◽

Mai Efdi

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Inhibition Effect ◽

Piper Aduncum

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Lipid Composition of Latex and Rubber Particles in Hevea brasiliensis and Taraxacum kok-saghyz

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25215110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (21) ◽

pp. 5110

Author(s):

Sung Woo Bae ◽

Sunghee Jung ◽

Sang Chul Choi ◽

Mi Young Kim ◽

Stephen Beungtae Ryu

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Particle Production ◽

Rubber Particle ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Rubber Particles ◽

The Future

Natural rubber is usually synthesized in the rubber particles present in the latex of rubber-producing plants such as the Pará rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) and rubber dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz). Since the detailed lipid compositions of fresh latex and rubber particles of the plants are poorly known, the present study reports detailed compound lipid composition, focusing on phospholipids and galactolipids in the latex and rubber particles of the plants. In the fresh latex and rubber particles of both plants, phospholipids were much more dominant (85–99%) compared to galactolipids. Among the nine classes of phospholipids, phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were most abundant, at ~80%, in both plants. Among PCs, PC (36:4) and PC (34:2) were most abundant in the rubber tree and rubber dandelion, respectively. Two classes of galactolipids, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol and digalactosyl diacylglycerol, were detected as 12% and 1%, respectively, of total compound lipids in rubber tree, whereas their percentages in the rubber dandelion were negligible (< 1%). Overall, the compound lipid composition differed only slightly between the fresh latex and the rubber particles of both rubber plants. These results provide fundamental data on the lipid composition of rubber particles in two rubber-producing plants, which can serve as a basis for artificial rubber particle production in the future.

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Effects of Inoculum Concentrations of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Disease Development and Severity on Leaves of Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology ◽

10.33736/bjrst.217.2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 50-54

Author(s):

Sangeetha Siva Sangu ◽

Sepiah Muid

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Disease Development ◽

Spore Concentration ◽

Moisture Condition ◽

Foliar Diseases

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is among the main causal agent of anthracnose of the rubber tree (Heveabrasiliensis). This disease is considered as one of the major foliar diseases that causes declining yields of rubberproduction in Asia. In order to understand the effect of environmental variables on anthracnose, the effect ofinoculum concentrations on the disease development and severity was studied. Spore concentration of 106spores/ml produced the most prominent disease development. Disease was most severe when the leaves werekept in continuous moisture condition for four weeks. Fungal response study showed that the fungus needed 120hours after inoculation (hai) to penetrate and colonize leaf cells. Knowledge of this factor on diseasedevelopment can help improve management tactics based on the control of environmental factors.

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Biomedical applications of natural rubber latex from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis

Materials Science and Engineering C ◽

10.1016/j.msec.2021.112126 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112126

Author(s):

Nayrim Brizuela Guerra ◽

Giovana Sant'Ana Pegorin ◽

Miguel Henrique Boratto ◽

Natan Roberto de Barros ◽

Carlos Frederico de Oliveira Graeff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Natural Rubber Latex ◽

Rubber Latex

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Differential Expression of lncRNAs and miRNAs Between Self-Rooting Juvenile and Donor Clones Unveils Novel Insight Into the Molecular Regulation of Rubber Biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.740597 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hui-Liang Li ◽

Ying Wang ◽

Dong Guo ◽

Jia-Hong Zhu ◽

Shi-Qing Peng

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Epigenetic Modification ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Tree Planting ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Glutathione Metabolism ◽

Rubber Biosynthesis ◽

Cis Acting ◽

Planting Materials

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is a tropical tree species that produce natural rubber. Self-rooted juvenile clones (SRJCs) are novel rubber tree planting materials developed through primary somatic embryogenesis. SRJCs have a higher rubber yield compared with donor clones (DCs). The molecular basis underlying increased rubber yield in SRJCs remains largely unknown. Here, the latex from SRJCs and DCs were collected for strand-specific and small RNA-seq methods. A total of 196 differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DELs), and 11 differentially expressed microRNAs were identified in latex between SRJCs and DCs. Targeted genes of DELs were markedly enriched for various biological pathways related to plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and amino acids biosynthesis. DELs probably acted as cis-acting regulation was calculated, and these DELs relevant to potentially regulate rubber biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and epigenetic modification. Furthermore, the DELs acting as microRNA targets were studied. The interaction of microRNA and DELs might involve in the regulation of natural rubber biosynthesis.

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