scholarly journals Lipid Composition of Latex and Rubber Particles in Hevea brasiliensis and Taraxacum kok-saghyz

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5110
Author(s):  
Sung Woo Bae ◽  
Sunghee Jung ◽  
Sang Chul Choi ◽  
Mi Young Kim ◽  
Stephen Beungtae Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
The Future

Natural rubber is usually synthesized in the rubber particles present in the latex of rubber-producing plants such as the Pará rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) and rubber dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz). Since the detailed lipid compositions of fresh latex and rubber particles of the plants are poorly known, the present study reports detailed compound lipid composition, focusing on phospholipids and galactolipids in the latex and rubber particles of the plants. In the fresh latex and rubber particles of both plants, phospholipids were much more dominant (85–99%) compared to galactolipids. Among the nine classes of phospholipids, phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were most abundant, at ~80%, in both plants. Among PCs, PC (36:4) and PC (34:2) were most abundant in the rubber tree and rubber dandelion, respectively. Two classes of galactolipids, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol and digalactosyl diacylglycerol, were detected as 12% and 1%, respectively, of total compound lipids in rubber tree, whereas their percentages in the rubber dandelion were negligible (< 1%). Overall, the compound lipid composition differed only slightly between the fresh latex and the rubber particles of both rubber plants. These results provide fundamental data on the lipid composition of rubber particles in two rubber-producing plants, which can serve as a basis for artificial rubber particle production in the future.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis) PADA WAKTU PENGUMPULAN LATEKS YANG BERBEDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Mochlisin Andriyanto ◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
Junaidi . ◽  
Arief Rachmawan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Collection Period

Latex is a colloidal suspended of rubber particle in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Technically, the capacity of rubber productivity can be determined by latex collectionperiod after being tapped. The objective of research was to obtain the differences of latex collection period. The study was conducted in September-November 2017 at the Sungei Putih Research Center in Experimental Estate with PB 260 (7 years tapped) on BO-2 (S/2 d3.ET2.5% Ga1.0 6/y(m)).The experimental designused a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments of latex collection periodi.e 20, 40, 60, 80 minutes after being tapped with three replicates respectively. The parameters observed was gram/tree/tapping (g/p/s), kg/ha/years, latex flow rate (ml/minutes) and total solid content (%).The results showed that latex collection period was significantly different to g/p/s, kg/ha/years and latex flow rate. Total solid content (TSC) was not significantlydifferent in all treatments. The latex collection period of 20 minutes after being tapped had higher productivity than 40, 60, 80 minutes.

Eight cycles of half-sib family recurrent selection to improve rubber yield in russian dandelion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wolyn ◽  
Gregory Innes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Selection For

Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz) produces natural rubber which can complement the world’s supply of this strategic commodity, derived mainly from the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Four cycles of half-sib family recurrent selection conducted previously in russian dandelion improved rubber yield nearly 50%. The objectives of this research were to continue selection for four additional cycles and evaluate progress from eight generations of breeding, and assess the potential for future gains. Rubber yield increased from 0.205 to 0.378 g/plant from Cycle 0 (C0) to C8, representing an 84% improvement, or 10% per cycle. Increases from C0 to C4 were similar to those from C4 to C8. Root dry weight did not increase from selection and improved yield only resulted from enhancing rubber percentage which changed from 4.35 to 7.62%. Selection response has not plateaued and phenotypic variation has not decreased, indicating continued gains can occur with additional breeding.

In-depth proteome analysis of the rubber particle of Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree)

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longjun Dai ◽  
Guijuan Kang ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Zhiyi Nie ◽  
Cuifang Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Proteome Analysis

Current Study on Structural Characterization and Unique Film Formation of Hevea brasiliensis Natural Rubber Latex

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 498-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitladda Sakdapipanich
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Latex Glove ◽  
Commercial Source

Hevea brasiliensis natural rubber (NR) latex is a very important commercial source of elastomers. It is not only a source for dry NR rubber but also the feedstock for the latex glove dipping industry. The particles of freshly tapped latex are known to be stabilized by proteins and lipids that come with the latex from the tree. These non-rubbers [, especially proteins and lipids, confer to the rubber and latex excellent properties unsurpassed by any synthetic latex [. Recent structural studies of NR revealed that the NR molecules comprise of 2 trans-isoprene units connected to a long-chain cis-isoprene units. Two terminal groups, referred to as ω and α, have been postulated to link with mono-and di-phosphate groups associated with phospholipids by H-bonding at the α-terminal, whereas the ω-terminal is a dimethylallyl group links to protein by H-bonding [. Although numerous studies have been published on the surface structure of the natural rubber particle [4-, none of these offered a direct in situ visualization of the intact particle surface. This is because of any attempt to remove this surface layer of proteins and lipids results in an immediate destabilization of the latex. The second part focused on the using of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Confocal Fluorescence microscopy to visualize and delineate the structure of the proteins and lipids layer on the latex particle surface in situ.

Advances in Natural Rubber Production

1994 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz S. A. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Tropical Timber ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract This paper will attempt to highlight the various advances made to date in the production and processing of natural rubber (NR). The commercially planted rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, can yield as high as 3,000 kg of rubber per hectare in contrast to the 500 kg rubber per hectare obtained from the wild Amazonian rubber trees. The high yield of commercial rubber trees is attributed to the successful breeding program, efficient development of agronomic and crop management practices and proper exploitation systems. Today, the Hevea brasiliensis trees not only contribute to the supply of world natural rubber, but also to the ever increasing demand of tropical timber. Latex extracted from the rubber tree is processed to meet the specific requirements of the consumers. In the area of processing, emphasis is on the production of NR as an industrial raw material with improved quality and consistency. Efforts are also placed on processing efficiency, optimum product mix and production of value added modified NR such as epoxidized and deproteinized NR. The processing activities also take into consideration the control of processing effluent with appropriate effluent treatments or conversion of effluent to useful materials.

scholarly journals CgNPG1 as a Novel Pathogenic Gene of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides From Hevea brasiliensis in Mycelial Growth, Conidiation, and the Invasive Structures Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Liang ◽  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Hongyan Yin ◽  
Bang An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Pathogenic Gene

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a tropical perennial crop for the primary source of natural rubber. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Hevea brasiliensis (C. gloeosporioides Hb) and Colletotrichum acutatum from Hevea brasiliensis (C. acutatum Hb) are the causal agents of rubber tree anthracnose and lead to serious loss of natural rubber production. Inoculation tests showed that C. gloeosporioides Hb possessed higher pathogenicity than C. acutatum Hb to the rubber tree. Genomic analysis revealed that an unknown gene, named CgNPG1 (a Novel Pathogenic Gene 1), was presented in the genome of C. gloeosporioides Hb but not identified in C. acutatum Hb. CgNPG1 was predicted to encode a small secretory protein without any conserved domain. To investigate the functions of CgNPG1 in C. gloeosporioides Hb and in C. acutatum Hb, the gene deletion and overexpression mutants were generated. The phenotype analysis showed that deletion of CgNPG1 led to changed conidia morphology, decreased mycelial growth, conidiation, conidia germination rate, appressorium formation rate, and pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides Hb to the rubber tree. Meanwhile, heterogeneous expression of CgNPG1 in C. acutatum Hb significantly changed the conidia morphology and improved the mycelial growth rate, conidiation, conidia germination rate, appressorium formation rate, and the pathogenicity of C. acutatum Hb to the rubber tree. Consistently, CgNPG1 increased the expression level of CaCRZ1 and CaCMK1 in C. acutatum Hb. These data suggested that CgNPG1 contributed to mycelial growth, conidiation, the development of invasive structures, and the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum to the rubber tree, which might be related to the modulation of CaCRZ1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase CMK1. Our results provided new insight into CgNPG1 in regulating growth and pathogenicity of the Colletotrichum spp.

scholarly journals Proteomic Landscape Has Revealed Small Rubber Particles Are Crucial Rubber Biosynthetic Machines for Ethylene-Stimulation in Natural Rubber Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Quanliang Xie ◽  
Yong Sun ◽  
Zheng Tong ◽  
Lili Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Rubber Biosynthesis ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Latex Production

Rubber particles are a specific organelle for natural rubber biosynthesis (NRB) and storage. Ethylene can significantly improve rubber latex production by increasing the generation of small rubber particles (SRPs), regulating protein accumulation, and activating many enzyme activities. We conducted a quantitative proteomics study of different SRPs upon ethylene stimulation by differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) methods. In DIGE, 79 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were determined as ethylene responsive proteins. Our results show that the abundance of many NRB-related proteins has been sharply induced upon ethylene stimulation. Among them, 23 proteins were identified as rubber elongation factor (REF) and small rubber particle protein (SRPP) family members, including 16 REF and 7 SRPP isoforms. Then, 138 unique phosphorylated peptides, containing 129 phosphorylated amino acids from the 64 REF/SRPP family members, were identified, and most serine and threonine were phosphorylated. Furthermore, we identified 226 DAPs from more than 2000 SRP proteins by iTRAQ. Integrative analysis revealed that almost all NRB-related proteins can be detected in SRPs, and many proteins are positively responsive to ethylene stimulation. These results indicate that ethylene may stimulate latex production by regulating the accumulation of some key proteins. The phosphorylation modification of REF and SRPP isoforms might be crucial for NRB, and SRP may act as a complex natural rubber biosynthetic machine.

Biomedical applications of natural rubber latex from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis

2021 ◽  
pp. 112126
Author(s):  
Nayrim Brizuela Guerra ◽  
Giovana Sant'Ana Pegorin ◽  
Miguel Henrique Boratto ◽  
Natan Roberto de Barros ◽  
Carlos Frederico de Oliveira Graeff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Latex

scholarly journals Differential Expression of lncRNAs and miRNAs Between Self-Rooting Juvenile and Donor Clones Unveils Novel Insight Into the Molecular Regulation of Rubber Biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Liang Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Dong Guo ◽  
Jia-Hong Zhu ◽  
Shi-Qing Peng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Rubber Biosynthesis ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Planting Materials

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is a tropical tree species that produce natural rubber. Self-rooted juvenile clones (SRJCs) are novel rubber tree planting materials developed through primary somatic embryogenesis. SRJCs have a higher rubber yield compared with donor clones (DCs). The molecular basis underlying increased rubber yield in SRJCs remains largely unknown. Here, the latex from SRJCs and DCs were collected for strand-specific and small RNA-seq methods. A total of 196 differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DELs), and 11 differentially expressed microRNAs were identified in latex between SRJCs and DCs. Targeted genes of DELs were markedly enriched for various biological pathways related to plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and amino acids biosynthesis. DELs probably acted as cis-acting regulation was calculated, and these DELs relevant to potentially regulate rubber biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and epigenetic modification. Furthermore, the DELs acting as microRNA targets were studied. The interaction of microRNA and DELs might involve in the regulation of natural rubber biosynthesis.

Effect of Particle Sizes on Film Formation Behavior of Hevea brasiliensis Natural Rubber Latex

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nut Churinthorn ◽  
Adun Nimpaiboon ◽  
Jitladda Sakdapipanich ◽  
Chee Cheong Ho
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
Individual Particles

Natural Rubber (NR) latex obtained from Hevea brasiliensis contains a wide particle size distribution. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of small rubber particles (SRP) and large rubber particles (LRP) on the characteristics of film formation. The rubber particle with different mean diameters can be separated by centrifugation at various speeds to prepare SRP and LRP latex. The average size of SRP and LRP were characterized by light scattering technique to show that the size of SRP was in the range of 0.20 μm, while that of LRP was larger with the wide distribution. SRP and LRP latex were dried at room temperature to study the film formation behaviors. The results showed that the film compaction time increased with increasing the particle size of NR. Furthermore, the rubber film were aged at room temperature for 3 weeks in order to observe the surface morphology using atomic forced microscopy (AFM) by tapping mode. The AFM images showed that SRP readily formed a coalescence film, while LRP showed individual particles on the surface of film at 24 h of storage time. The surface of both SRP and LRP films was smoother after storage. However, LRP film still showed individual particles on the surface after 3 weeks of storage time.

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