scholarly journals Host-Induced Gene Silencing of a Multifunction Gene Sscnd1 Enhances Plant Resistance Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijuan Ding ◽  
Yangui Chen ◽  
Baoqin Yan ◽  
Hongmei Liao ◽  
Mengquan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Infection Stage

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen and has a substantial economic impact on crop production worldwide. Magnaporthe appressoria-specific (MAS) proteins have been suggested to be involved in the appressorium formation in Magnaporthe oryzae. Sscnd1, an MAS homolog gene, is highly induced at the early infection stage of S. sclerotiorum. Knock-down the expression of Sscnd1 gene severely reduced the virulence of S. sclerotiorum on intact rapeseed leaves, and their virulence was partially restored on wounded leaves. The Sscnd1 gene-silenced strains exhibited a defect in compound appressorium formation and cell integrity. The instantaneous silencing of Sscnd1 by tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) resulted in a significant reduction in disease development in tobacco. Three transgenic HIGS Arabidopsis lines displayed high levels of resistance to S. sclerotiorum and decreased Sscnd1 expression. Production of specific Sscnd1 siRNA in transgenic HIGS Arabidopsis lines was confirmed by stem-loop qRT-PCR. This study revealed that the compound appressorium-related gene Sscnd1 is required for cell integrity and full virulence in S. sclerotiorum and that Sclerotinia stem rot can be controlled by expressing the silencing constructs of Sscnd1 in host plants.

scholarly journals Genome sequence resource for the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum WH6 isolated in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Zhang ◽  
Xiaohui Cheng ◽  
Lijiang Liu ◽  
Shengyi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The World ◽  
High Quality Genome

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a notorious fungal pathogen that causes sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) on many important crops in China and worldwide. Here, we present a high- quality genome assembly of S. sclerotiorum strain WH6 using the PacBio SMRT cell platform. The assembled genome has a total size of 38.96 Mbp, with a contig N50 length of 1.90 Mbp, and encodes 10,512 predicted coding genes, including 685 secreted proteins and 65 effector candidates. This is the the first report of a genome sequence from China. The WH6 genome sequence provides a valuable resource for facilitating our understanding of S. sclerotiorum-host interactions and SSR control in China and the world.

scholarly journals Identification of sources of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in a collection of wild Cicer germplasm

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Wainaina Mwape ◽  
Yuphin Khentry ◽  
Toby E. Newman ◽  
Matthew Denton-Giles ◽  
Mark Derbyshire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Cicer Echinospermum ◽  
Stem Resistance ◽  
Wild Progenitors

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important fungal pathogen of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and it can cause yield losses up to 100%. The wild progenitors are much more diverse than domesticated chickpea and this study describes how this relates to S. sclerotiorum resistance. Initially, the pathogenicity of nine Australian S. sclerotiorum isolates was examined on three Cicer lines to develop a robust phenotyping assay and significant differences in isolate aggressiveness were identified with 6 isolates being classed as highly aggressive and 3 as moderately aggressive. We identified two S. sclerotiorum isolates, CU8.20 and CU10.12, to be highly aggressive and moderately aggressive, respectively. A subsequent phenotyping assay was conducted using the two isolates to evaluate 86 wild Cicer accessions (Cicer reticulatum and Cicer echinospermum) and two C. arietinum varieties for resistance to S. sclerotiorum. A subset of 12 genotypes was further evaluated, and subsequently, two wild Cicer accessions with consistently high levels of resistance to S. sclerotiorum were examined using the initially characterised nine isolates. Wild Cicer accessions Karab_084 and Deste_063 demonstrated consistent partial resistance to S. sclerotiorum. There were significant differences in responses to S. sclerotiorum across wild Cicer collection sites. The Cermik, Karabahce and Destek sites’ responses to the aggressive isolate CU8.20 ranged from resistant to susceptible, highlighting an interaction between isolate genotype and chickpea collection site for sclerotinia stem rot resistance. This is the first evidence of partial stem resistance identified in wild Cicer germplasm, which can be adopted in chickpea breeding programs to enhance S. sclerotiorum resistance in future chickpea varieties.

First Report of Mycovirus Infected Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Cauliflower from Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Tanvi Gupta ◽  
Vanshika ◽  
Chandresh Kumari ◽  
Saurabh Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
First Report ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Background : Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a ubiquitous fungal pathogen infecting more than 400 plant species. Sclerotinia stem rot is known to cause as high as 100% crop loss in many cases. Currently, chemical fungicides are the only known solution to this problem. Thus, there is an urgent need for developing environment-friendly alternatives for controlling this pathogen. The review of published articles revealed that a number of mycoviruses with the potential of a biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia had been identified from different parts of the world. Objective: The present investigation describes the isolation and characterization of isolates of S. sclerotiorum infecting cauliflower, peas, and mustard for the presence of a potent mycovirus from lower Himachal region of India. Methods: Various infected fields were visited and samples in the form of sclerotia were collected. Various isolates of S. sclerotiorum were obtained, and putative hypovirulent isolates were screened. Thereafter, hypovirulent strains were chosen and mycovirus isolation was performed. Finally, isolates showing an extra nucleic acid band were used for mycovirus isolation and further characterization. Curing of mycovirus was used to confirm if altered phenotype was due to the presence of this virus. Results: A ssDNA mycovirus was identified and confirmed from the growth defective isolate. Conclusion: This mycovirus can in turn act as a biocontrol agent, thus reducing dependency on chemical fungicides and can also be developed in the form of a patent once completely characterized and formulated. To our knowledge, this is the first report on mycovirus isolation from any Sclerotinia sclerotiorumisolate from India.

scholarly journals Novel Secretory Protein Ss-Caf1 of the Plant-Pathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Is Required for Host Penetration and Normal Sclerotial Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqiong Xiao ◽  
Jiatao Xie ◽  
Jiasen Cheng ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Xianhong Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Sclerotial Development

To decipher the mechanism of pathogenicity in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a pathogenicity-defective mutant, Sunf-MT6, was isolated from a T-DNA insertional library. Sunf-MT6 could not form compound appressorium and failed to induce lesions on leaves of rapeseed though it could produce more oxalic acid than the wild-type strain. However, it could enter into host tissues via wounds and cause typical necrotic lesions. Furthermore, Sunf-MT6 produced fewer but larger sclerotia than the wild-type strain Sunf-M. A gene, named Ss-caf1, was disrupted by T-DNA insertion in Sunf-MT6. Gene complementation and knockdown experiments confirmed that the disruption of Ss-caf1 was responsible for the phenotypic changes of Sunf-MT6. Ss-caf1 encodes a secretory protein with a putative Ca2+-binding EF-hand motif. High expression levels of Ss-caf1 were observed at an early stage of compound appressorium formation and in immature sclerotia. Expression of Ss-caf1 without signal peptides in Nicotiana benthamiana via Tobacco rattle virus-based vectors elicited cell death. These results suggest that Ss-caf1 plays an important role in compound appressorium formation and sclerotial development of S. sclerotiorum. In addition, Ss-Caf1 has the potential to interact with certain host proteins or unknown substances in host cells, resulting in subsequent host cell death.

968: Gelsolin Gene Silencing Involving Unusual Chromatin Structures and a Novel Stem Loop Structure of the Promoter Region in Human Bladder Cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Kazunori Haga ◽  
Ataru Sazawa ◽  
Toru Harabayashi ◽  
Nobuo Shinohara ◽  
Minoru Nomoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Loop Structure ◽  
Human Bladder Cancer ◽  
Human Bladder ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Stem Loop Structure

Optimisation of tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing in Arabidopsis

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changchun Wang ◽  
Xinzhong Cai ◽  
Xuemin Wang ◽  
Zhong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Phytoene Desaturase ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Gene Functions ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Gene Function Analysis

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. is a model plant species in which to study plant gene functions. Recently developed virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) offers a rapid and high-throughput technique platform for gene function analysis. In this paper we report optimisation of tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-induced gene silencing in Arabidopsis. The parameters potentially affecting the efficiency of VIGS in Arabidopsis were investigated. These included the concentration and pre-incubation of Agrobacterium inocula (agro-inocula), the concentration of acetosyringone included in agro-inocula, the Agrobacterium inoculation (agro-inoculation) method, the ecotypes and the growth stages of Arabidopsis plants for agro-inoculation, and the growth temperature of agro-inoculated plants. The optimised VIGS procedure involves preparing the agro-inocula with OD600 of 2.0, pre-incubating for 2 h in infiltration buffer containing 200 μm acetosyringone, agro-inoculating by vacuum infiltration, and growth of agro-inoculated plants at 22 −24°C. Following this procedure consistent and highly efficient VIGS was achieved for the genes encoding phytoene desaturase (PDS) and actin in Arabidopsis. The silencing phenotype lasts for at least 6 weeks, and is applicable in at least seven ecotypes, including Col-0, Cvi-0, Sd, Nd-1, Ws-0, Bay-0 and Ler. TRV-induced VIGS was expressed not only in leaves, but also in stems, inflorescences and siliques. However, VIGS was not transmissible through seed to the subsequent generation. The optimised procedure of the TRV-induced gene silencing should facilitate high-throughput functional analysis of genes in Arabidopsis.

Prevalence of sclerotinia stem rot of canola in New South Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Hind ◽  
G. J. Ash ◽  
G. M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
South Wales

Surveys of petal infestation and stem infection conducted in 1998, 1999 and 2000 indicated that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum poses a threat to the Australian canola industry. Inoculum was present throughout all canola-growing regions of New South Wales and the stem disease was widespread throughout southern New South Wales. Percentage petal infestation increased over the 3 years surveyed with values ranging from 0 to 99.4%. The highest petal infestation values were observed in 2000 (maximum of 99.4%, mean of 82.2%), with lower mean values in 1998 (38.4%) and 1999 (49.6%). Stem infection ranged from 0 to 37.5% and most fields had less than 10% stem infection. Stem rot incidence before harvest did not relate to percentage petal infestation determined during flowering. This indicated that factors other than percentage petal infestation were important in influencing stem rot incidence. While there was no relationship between percentage petal infestation and stem rot incidence, stem infection never occurred without prior petal infestation.

Gene Silencing Efficiency and INF-β Induction Effects of Splicing miRNA 155-Based Artificial miRNA with Pre-miRNA Stem-Loop Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Onsam Sin ◽  
Prudence Mabiala ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Tao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Artificial Mirna
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