scholarly journals Factors Contributing to the Severity and Laterality of Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson’s Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Eun Huh ◽  
Dae-Won Seo ◽  
Kunhyun Kim ◽  
Won-Ho Chung ◽  
Seonwoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Canal Paresis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pisa Syndrome ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Peripheral Vestibulopathy

Objective: Pisa syndrome (PS) is a disabling postural deformity in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We aimed to elucidate clinical factors determining the severity and laterality of PS in PD.Methods: In 54 PD patients with PS, we measured the clinical factors that are previously known to contribute to the occurrence of PS as follows: asymmetry of motor symptoms for the evaluation of asymmetric basal ganglia dysfunction, the degree and direction of subjective visual vertical (SVV) tilt for the misperception of body verticality, the canal paresis for unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy, and the tonic electromyographic (EMG) hyperactivity of paraspinal muscles for dystonia. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the clinical factors associated with the degree of truncal tilt, for the quantification of the severity of PS, and PS tilting to the less affected side, respectively.Results: The multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that the larger degree of SVV tilt (β = 0.29, SE = 0.10, p = 0.005), right-sided SVV tilt (β = 2.32, SE = 0.82, p = 0.007), and higher Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stage (β = 4.01, SE = 1.29, p = 0.003) significantly increased the severity of PS. In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, greater asymmetry of motor symptoms [odds ratio (OR) = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.34–3.49] was significantly associated with PS tilting to the less affected side, while right-sided SVV tilt (OR = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.001–0.21), unilateral canal paresis (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.003–0.79), and higher HY stage (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.002–0.46) were associated with PS tilting to the more affected side.Conclusion: Misperception of verticality, asymmetric basal ganglia dysfunction, unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy, and motor disability are the clinical factors associated with the severity and laterality of PS in patients with PD.

scholarly journals Risk factors for symptomatic Avascular Necrosis (AVN) in a multi-ethnic Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) cohort

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248845
Author(s):  
Syahrul Sazliyana Shaharir ◽  
Siew Huoy Chua ◽  
Rozita Mohd ◽  
Ruslinda Mustafar ◽  
Malehah Mohd Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression

Avascular necrosis of bone (AVN) is increasingly being recognized as a complication of SLE and causes significant disability due to pain and mobility limitations. We studied the prevalence and factors associated with avascular necrosis (AVN) in a multiethnic SLE cohort. SLE patients who visited the outpatient clinic from October 2017 to April 2019 were considered eligible. Their medical records were reviewed to identify patients who developed symptomatic AVN, as confirmed by either magnetic resonance imaging or plain radiography. Subsequently, their SLE disease characteristics and treatment were compared with the characteristics of patients who did not have AVN. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent factors associated with AVN among the multiethnic SLE cohort. A total of 390 patients were recruited, and the majority of them were females (92.6%); the patients were predominantly of Malay ethnicity (59.5%), followed by Chinese (35.9%) and Indian (4.6%). The prevalence of symptomatic AVN was 14.1%, and the mean age of AVN diagnosis was 37.6 ± 14.4 years. Both univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that a longer disease duration, high LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), positive anti-cardiolipin (aCL) IgG and anti-dsDNA results, a history of an oral prednisolone dose of more than 30 mg daily for at least 4 weeks and osteoporotic fractures were significantly associated with AVN. On the other hand, hydroxychloroquin (HCQ), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and bisphosphonate use were associated with a lower risk of AVN. No associations with ethnicity were found. In conclusion, several modifiable risk factors were found to be associated with AVN, and these factors may be used to identify patients who are at high risk of developing such complications. The potential protective effects of HCQ, MMF and bisphosphonates warrant additional studies.

Use of heated tobacco products in smoke-free locations in Japan: the JASTIS 2019 study

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055951
Author(s):  
Kosuke Kiyohara ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Japan Society ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
At Home

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in locations where cigarette smoking was not allowed, and to explore the factors associated with such use among Japanese HTP users.MethodsAn internet-based self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted in 2019 as part of the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey. The study subjects were respondents who self-reported having used HTPs in the last year. The proportions of those who had ever used or frequently used HTPs in locations where tobacco smoking was not allowed in the last year were calculated. These locations included home, restaurants and workplaces. Furthermore, potential factors associated with HTP use in such smoke-free locations were examined using multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe proportion of HTP users who had ever used HTPs in smoke-free locations in the last year was 20.7% (148/716) at home, 11.8% (128/1081) in restaurants and 11.9% (113/950) in workplaces. The proportion of those who had frequently used HTPs in those locations was 9.5% (68/716) at home, 4.8% (52/1081) in restaurants and 8.0% (76/950) in workplaces. The statistically significant factors associated with HTP use varied by location. Generally, respondents who thought HTP use was not forbidden in places where tobacco smoking is forbidden were likely to use HTPs in such locations.ConclusionIn Japan, a considerable number of people used HTPs in locations where tobacco smoking was not allowed. Policymakers should establish clear rules about use of HTPs in smoke-free environments.

The Victim–Offender Overlap in Prison: Examining the Factors Associated With Group Membership

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989842
Author(s):  
Jane C. Daquin ◽  
Leah E. Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Prison Literature ◽  
Factors Associated

Historically, criminologists have examined offending and victimization in the community as separate outcomes. Recently, however, researchers have begun to explore the shared commonalities of being an offender and a victim. The victim–offender overlap literature shows that victimization and offending are not different and distinct outcomes, but rather these outcomes share numerous risk factors. A close examination of the victim–offender overlap has not been done within the prison literature. Thus, it remains unclear whether there are commonalities among prisoners who offend while incarcerated and those who experience victimization. The focus of the current study is to (a) identify the proportion of the prisoners who were victims-only, offenders-only, victim–offenders, or neither victim nor offender and (b) identify the factors that predict membership into the four categories of the overlap. The current study used the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities with multinomial logistic regression analyses to examine which factors are associated with group membership into the victim–only, offender–only, or victim–offender groups in prison. Findings show that although the victim–offender overlap exists among prisoners, the majority of prisoners were neither a victim nor an offender. Victim–offenders and victims-only comprise only a small proportion of the sample. Findings also indicate that there are few unique factors across the groups. Results of the study have implications policy and future research.

Nonbeneficial Intensive Care: Misalignments Between Provider Assessments of Benefit and Use of Invasive Treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1411-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hwe ◽  
Jennifer Parrish ◽  
Bryan Berry ◽  
Oleg Stens ◽  
Dong W. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multivariable Regression

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine how frequently invasive intensive care unit (ICU) treatments are delivered to critically ill patients despite clinicians’ impressions that ICU care may be nonbeneficial. Methods: Patients admitted to the medical ICU of an academic public hospital were prospectively categorized according to guidelines from the Society of Critical Care Medicine which classifies patients based on severity of illness and likelihood of recovery (categories 1-4). Clinical data and use of ICU treatments in patients with high (category 1) and low (category 3) likelihoods of benefit were collected by chart review. Multivariable regression analyses examined associations between use of invasive treatments and patient categories, and clinical factors associated with receiving invasive ICU treatments despite low likelihood of benefit. Results: There were 533 patients (369 in category 1 and 164 in category 3) in the study. A total of 19.8%, 29.9%, and 28.9% of patient-days on mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and renal replacement therapy, respectively, were delivered to patients who were considered unlikely to benefit from ICU treatments (category 3) and ultimately did not survive hospitalization. These patients also received 35.2% of cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts and 22.6% of central venous catheter placements. Clinicians’ impressions of likelihood of benefit (category 1 vs 3) were not associated with odds of receiving invasive ICU treatments. Clinical characteristics associated with greater odds of receiving potentially nonbeneficial treatments included older age, presence of dementia or malignancy, and higher Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation score. Conclusions: Invasive ICU treatments are frequently delivered to patients who are not expected to benefit from ICU care and die during hospitalization. These findings highlight the need to improve utilization of ICU services among patients with advanced medical illnesses.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors for hypoglycemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoJing Zheng ◽  
Hong-Hong Yan ◽  
Bin Gan ◽  
Xiao-Ting Qiu ◽  
Jie Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract AimTo evaluate the incidence and risk factors for hypoglycemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe collected and analyzed the clinical data of patients with HCC in our cancer center between April 2020 and June 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with hypoglycemia.ResultsThe incidence rate of hypoglycemia in patients with HCC was 28.9% (67/232). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between hypoglycemia and Child-Pugh grade C (odds ratio [OR]=7.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.28–23.31, p=0.001), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level (OR=1.000035, 95% CI 1.000007–1.000063, p=0.015), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.29–0.73, p=0.001).ConclusionChild-Pugh stage and HbA1c and AFP levels were associated with hypoglycemia in patients with HCC. Our study suggests that these three factors should be comprehensively considered when estimating the risk of hypoglycemia in these patients, and the diagnosis, treatment, and nursing plan should be adjusted in time to reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia.

scholarly journals Factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medication among middle-aged adults with hypertension: findings from the Taiwan National Health Interview Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. ???
Author(s):  
Chia-Pei Chou ◽  
Chun-Yu Chen ◽  
Kun-Siang Huang ◽  
Shih-Chun Lin ◽  
Chih-Fang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Objective We aimed to investigate factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medication among middle-aged Taiwanese adults with hypertension. Methods We used data from the 2009 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to identify adults age 40 to 65 years with hypertension. We used logistic regression analyses to investigate factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medication. Results A total 1,256 respondents with hypertension taking antihypertensive medication were included in this study. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that six factors were significantly and independently associated with nonadherence to medication: younger age (odds ratio, [OR] = 1.85), mean monthly personal income < TWD 20,000 (USD 660) (OR = 1.87), outpatient medical services use in the past month (OR = 0.57), hospitalization in the past year (OR = 1.70), diabetes or dyslipidemia (OR = 0.63), and alcohol use in the past month (OR = 2.38). Conclusions This secondary data analysis of the population-based NHIS identified six factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medication. These factors should be considered when planning and implementing blood pressure control interventions among middle-aged adults with hypertension.

Factors that Affect Sugar Sweetened Beverage Intake in Rural, Southern College Students in the US

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Yeonsoo Kim ◽  
Tak Yan Chau ◽  
Julie M. Rutledge ◽  
Dawn Erickson ◽  
Yunsook Lim
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
The Us

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to investigate factors that affect sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in rural, southern college students in the US. The majority of the participants were male (58 %) and Caucasian (63 %). The average total SSB consumption was 79.4 fl oz/day (2.35 L/d). Results of binary logistic regression analyses of total SSB intake greater than 57.4 fl oz/day (1.8 L/d) versus less than 57.4 fl oz/day showed that factors associated with greater odds for high SSB intake were age greater than 20 years old (odds ratio [OR] = 3.551, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.385 - 9.104, p = 0.008) and being African American (OR = 3.477, 95 % CI = 1.291 - 9.363, p = 0.013). Results of binary logistic regression analyses of total bottled water intake greater than 39.4 fl oz/day (median) versus less than 39.4 fl oz/day showed that consuming alcohol was significantly related to an increased probability of drinking more than 39.4 fl oz (1.17 L/d) of bottled water per day (median; OR = 2.914, 95 % CI = 1.223 - 6.943, p = 0.016). Culturally sensitive strategies are needed to raise awareness for making healthy beverage choices when dining on campus to effectively reduce college student’s SSB consumption.

scholarly journals Preventing first births among adolescents in Mexico City’s public abortion programme

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2020-200795
Author(s):  
Blair G Darney ◽  
Evelyn Fuentes-Rivera ◽  
Biani Saavedra-Avendano ◽  
Patricio Sanhueza-Smith ◽  
Raffaela Schiavon
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Older Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Trimester Abortion ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Employed Women

IntroductionWe examined parity and age among women seeking an abortion in Mexico City’s public first-trimester abortion programme, Interrupcion Legal de Embarazo (ILE). We hypothesised that younger women, especially students, used abortion to prevent first births while older women used abortion to limit births.MethodsWe used clinical data from a sample of 47 462 women who had an abortion between 2007 and 2016 and classified them as nulliparous or parous according to previous births prior to the abortion. We used logistic regression to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with using abortion to prevent a first birth (nulliparous) versus limiting births (parous) and calculated absolute multivariable predicted probabilities.ResultsOverall, 41% of abortions were in nulliparous women seeking to prevent a first birth, and 59% were in women who already had one or more children. The adjusted probability of using abortion to prevent a first birth was 80.4% (95% CI 78.3 to 82.4) for women aged 12–17 years and 54.3% (95% CI 51.6 to 57.0) for women aged 18–24 years. Adolescents (aged 12–17 years) who were employed or students had nearly 90% adjusted probability of using abortion to prevent a first birth (employed 87.8%, 95% CI 82.9 to 92.8; students 88.5%, 95% CI 82.9 to 94.1). At all ages, employed women and students had higher probabilities of using abortion to prevent a first birth compared with unemployed women and women who work in the home.ConclusionLegal first-trimester abortion services in Mexico can help prevent first births in adolescents, especially students.

Higher-Order Fertility Among Urban Fathers

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 968-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinta Bronte-Tinkew ◽  
Suzanne Ryan ◽  
Kerry Franzetta ◽  
Jennifer Manlove ◽  
Emily Lilja
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Depressive Symptomology ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Subsequent Birth ◽  
Urban Contexts

The study includes a longitudinal sample of 1,989 fathers from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study and examines factors associated with fathering a higher-order birth (three or more children) and compares these factors to those predicting any subsequent birth. Also, the article examines differences by marital status. Logistic regression analyses indicate the likelihood of fathering a higher-order birth is greater among more disadvantaged men in urban contexts, those with lower levels of education, the unmarried, minorities, and those exhibiting higher levels of depressive symptomology. This suggests that the men likely to be least prepared to father large numbers of children have an elevated probability of having a higher-order birth. This study provides continuing evidence that several aspects of men's lives in urban contexts have important influences on their decisions to have a higher-order birth, and suggests that policies or programs that address fertility issues should include fathers where and when feasible.

Factors associated with physicians' prescribing behavior for treatment of influenza in the USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payal Patel-Dovlatabadi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prescribing Behavior ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Antiviral Medications

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to identify factors (i.e. age, gender, ethnicity, type of medical facility, geographical location, etc.) associated with physicians' prescribing behavior when treating influenza in the USA. The study aims to examine why the number of antiviral prescriptions remains substandard. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for each influenza season between the years of 2005-2008. Bivariate analyses and two models of multivariate logistic regression analyses (one with no fixed effect and the other including year as a fixed effect) were used to analyze the data. Findings – The results from this study revealed that among family practice physicians, 40.5 percent prescribed antiviral medications to patients presenting with influenza while 59.5 percent prescribed another form of medication. Antibiotics comprised 41.3 percent of the prescriptions for treatment of influenza. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that race (White; p=0.023), type of health setting (private solo/group practice; p=0.041), employment status (owner; p=0.046), and metropolitan location (metropolitan statistical area; p=0.032) were all significantly associated with prescribing antivirals. Patients' expected source of payment (private insurance) and geographical location (Midwest) of health facility were marginally associated with prescribing antivirals. Originality/value – By identifying factors associated with physicians' prescribing practices of antiviral medications, a more timely diagnosis and treatment of influenza can occur. Efforts should be targeted to improve physician education and awareness of the illness. Interventions may be implemented to improve the prescribing of antiviral medications and potentially inappropriate prescribing.

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