scholarly journals To Regulate or Not to Regulate: Emotion Regulation in Participants With Low and High Impulsivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Julian Maier ◽  
Julian Elias Schiel ◽  
David Rosenbaum ◽  
Martin Hautzinger ◽  
Andreas Jochen Fallgatter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task ◽  
The Impact

Successful emotion regulation plays a key role in psychological health and well-being. This study examines (1) whether cognitive control and corresponding neural connectivity are associated with emotion regulation and (2) to what extent external instructions can improve emotion regulation in individuals with low vs. high cognitive control capacity. For this, emotion regulation capabilities and the impact of emotion regulation on a subsequent emotional Stroop task was tested in participants with low (N = 25) vs. high impulsivity (N = 32). The classification according to impulsivity is based upon the stable correlation between high impulsivity and reduced cognitive control capacity. A negative emotion inducing movie scene was presented with the instruction to either suppress or allow all emotions that arose. This was followed by an emotional Stroop task. Electromyography (EMG) over the corrugator supercilii was used to assess the effects of emotion regulation. Neurophysiological mechanisms were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy over frontal brain areas. While EMG activation was low in the low-impulsive group independent of instruction, high-impulsive participants showed increased EMG activity when they were not explicitly instructed to suppress arising emotions. Given the same extent of functional connectivity within frontal lobe networks, the low-impulsive participants controlled their emotions better (less EMG activation) than the high-impulsive participants. In the Stroop task, the low-impulsive subjects performed significantly better. The emotion regulation condition had no significant effect on the results. We conclude that the cognitive control network is closely associated with emotion regulation capabilities. Individuals with high cognitive control show implicit capabilities for emotion regulation. Individuals with low cognitive control require external instructions (= explicit emotion regulation) to achieve similarly low expressions of emotionality. Implications for clinical applications aiming to improve emotion regulation are discussed.

scholarly journals The influence of emotional interference on cognitive control: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies using the emotional Stroop task

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sensen Song ◽  
Anna Zilverstand ◽  
Hongwen Song ◽  
Federico d’Oleire Uquillas ◽  
Yongming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task ◽  
Emotional Interference

When expanding training from working memory to emotional working memory: not only improving explicit emotion regulation but also implicit negative control for anxious individuals

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dong-ni Pan ◽  
Delhii Hoid ◽  
Xiao-bo Wang ◽  
Zhuo Jia ◽  
Xuebing Li
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task

Abstract Background The effect of working memory training (WM-T) has been found to transfer to emotional wellbeing, despite some debate on whether an affective component in training is necessary to achieve specific emotion-related benefits. These novel cognitive trainings have not yet been tested in highly anxious individuals, who have deficits in implicit and explicit emotional regulation and should be the potential beneficiaries of these trainings. Methods We designed two types of mobile phone-based training applications: (1) WMT and (2) an emotional working memory training (EWM-T) that comprised negative face distraction. Ninety-eight participants (33, WM-T; 35, EWM-T; 30, Control group) with high trait anxiety completed the 21-day intervention or placebo program and conducted pre- and post-test procedures, including questionnaires, emotional regulation and emotional Stroop tasks alongside electroencephalogram recording. Late positive potential (LPP) in emotion regulation task and P3 in the emotional Stroop task were adopted as neutral indicators for the explicit and implicit affective regulation/control processing. Results Those who had received training (WM-T and EWM-T) showed enhanced explicit regulation (indexed by reduced LPP during reappraisal) compared with the control. Besides, individuals in EWM-T showed reduced behavioral attention bias and a decline of P3 in response to negative faces in an emotional Stroop task. The altered neural indicators were correlated with corresponding behavior indexes that contributed to the anxiety alleviation. Conclusions The general WM-T was effective in enhancing explicit emotional regulation, while training with emotional add-in further improved implicit emotional control. (E)WM-T shows potential as a beneficial intervention for the anxiety population.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological correlates of interference control in the modified emotional Stroop task with emotional stimuli differing in valence, arousal, and subjective significance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258177
Author(s):  
Kamil K. Imbir ◽  
Maciej Pastwa ◽  
Joanna Duda-Goławska ◽  
Adam Sobieszek ◽  
Marta Jankowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
Subjective Significance

The role of emotional factors in maintaining cognitive control is one of the most intriguing issues in understanding emotion-cognition interactions. In the current experiment, we assessed the role of emotional factors (valence, arousal, and subjective significance) in perceptual and conceptual inhibition processes. We operationalised both processes with the classical cognitive paradigms, i.e., the flanker task and the emotional Stroop task merged into a single experimental procedure. The procedure was based on the presentation of emotional words displayed in four different font colours flanked by the same emotional word printed with the same or different font colour. We expected to find distinct effects of both types of interference: earlier for perceptual and later for emotional interference. We also predicted an increased arousal level to disturb inhibitory control effectiveness, while increasing the subjective significance level should improve this process. As we used orthogonal manipulations of emotional factors, our study allowed us for the first time to assess interactions within emotional factors and between types of interference. We found on the behavioural level the main effects of flanker congruency as well as effects of emotionality. On the electrophysiological level, we found effects for EPN, P2, and N450 components of ERPs. The exploratory analysis revealed that effects due to perceptual interference appeared earlier than the effects of emotional interference, but they lasted for an extended period of processing, causing perceptual and emotional interference to partially overlap. Finally, in terms of emotional interference, we showed the effect of subjective significance: the reduction of interference cost in N450 for highly subjective significant stimuli. This study is the first one allowing for the investigation of two different types of interference in a single experiment, and provides insight into the role of emotion in cognitive control.

Fast and Slow effects in an Emotional Stroop Task and Anxiety

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Z. Marrington ◽  
Georgina A. Tolan ◽  
Xochitl De La Piedad Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task

Neural mechanisms of the cognitive control of emotion

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Green ◽  
Gin S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Emotion Generation

Background:Emotion regulation involves the initiation of new emotional responses and continual alteration of current emotions in response to rapidly changing environmental and social stimuli. The capacity to effectively implement emotion regulation strategies is essential for psychological health; impairments in the ability to regulate emotions may be critical to the development of clinical levels of depression, anxiety and mania.Objective:This review provides a summary of findings from current research examining the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation by means of conscious cognitive strategies of reappraisal. These findings are considered in the context of related concepts of emotion perception and emotion generation, with discussion of the likely cognitive neuropsychological contributions to emotion regulation and the implications for psychiatric disorders.Results:Convergent evidence implicates an inhibitory role of prefrontal cortex and cingulate regions upon subcortical and cortical emotion generation systems in the cognitive control of emotional experience. Concurrent modulation of cortical activity by the peripheral nervous system is highlighted by recent studies using simultaneous physiological and neuroimaging techniques. Individual differences in emotion perception, generation of affect and neuropsychological skills are likely to have direct consequences for emotion regulation.Conclusions:Emotion regulation relies on synergy within brain stem, limbic and cortical processes that promote the adaptive perception, generation and regulation of affect. Aberrant emotion processing in any of these stages may disrupt this self-sustaining regulatory system, with the potential to manifest in distinct forms of emotion dysregulation as seen in major psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

scholarly journals The Science of Ageism: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 646-646
Author(s):  
Jerin Lee ◽  
Natalie Shook
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growing Pains ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
One Step ◽  
Prejudicial Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The past two decades have been marked by a rapidly aging population in the U.S. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2018), making prejudicial attitudes toward older adults (i.e., ageism) and the impact of such attitudes more relevant. As such, ageism researchers have worked tirelessly to not only understand this normalized and insidious form of bias, but also develop efforts to combat it. This symposium will feature four ageism researchers who will showcase both the growing pains and novel contributions of ageism research, ranging from the impact of ageism on psychological health to ageism interventions to issues related to the measurement of ageism. Specifically, Dr. Ayalon will present findings regarding difficulties with the assessment of exposure to ageism and the consequences of ageism for psychological well-being. Dr. Horhota will share research demonstrating challenges associated with confronting ageism. Dr. Levy will present a model showcasing factors associated with the reduction of ageism. Ms. Lee will discuss research findings examining the construct validity of several ageism measures. These talks highlight theoretical and real-world implications associated with the complex nature of ageism, providing important directions for enriching ageism research going forward.

Assessment of Secondary Traumatization with an Emotional Stroop Task

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1274-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Motta ◽  
John M Suozzi ◽  
Jamie M. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Secondary Traumatization ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task

Scores on an emotional Stroop task discriminated secondary traumatization effects in 9 adult children of veterans while standard trauma measures did not.

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