scholarly journals Association Between Kawasaki Disease and Childhood Epilepsy: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Heng Lin ◽  
Jung-Nien Lai ◽  
Inn-Chi Lee ◽  
I-Ching Chou ◽  
Wei-De Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Seizure Disorders

Background: Kawasaki disease is a common vasculitis of childhood in East Asia. The complications following Kawasaki disease mostly included cardiovascular sequelae; non-cardiac complications have been reported but less studied. This study investigated potential epilepsy following Kawasaki disease in Taiwanese children.Objectives: Through National Health Insurance Research Database, we retrospectively analyzed the data of children aged <18 years with clinically diagnosed Kawasaki disease from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2012 in Taiwan. These patients were followed up to estimate the incidence of epilepsy in the Kawasaki cohort in comparison with that in the non-Kawasaki cohort in Taiwan.Results: A total of 8,463 and 33,872 patients in the Kawasaki and non-Kawasaki cohorts were included in the study, respectively. Of the total eligible study subjects, 61.1% were boys and 38.9% were girls; most patients with newly diagnosed Kawasaki disease were aged <5 years [88.1%]. Patients with Kawasaki disease showed a higher incidence rate [47.98 vs. 27.45 every 100,000 person years] and significantly higher risk [adjusted hazard ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence interval = 1.13–2.44] of epilepsy than those without the disease. Additionally, female sex [adjusted hazard ratio = 2.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.31–4.04] and age <5 years [adjusted hazard ratio = 1.82, 95% confidence interval = 1.22–2.72] showed a significantly higher risk of epilepsy in the Kawasaki cohort.Conclusion: Results revealed a higher incidence rate and significant risk of epilepsy in Taiwanese children with Kawasaki disease than in those without the disease. Therefore, children diagnosed with Kawasaki disease are recommended follow-up as they have a high risk of epilepsy and seizure disorders.

Kawasaki Disease May Increase the Risk of Subsequent Cerebrovascular Disease

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Heng Lin ◽  
Jung-Nien Lai ◽  
Inn-Chi Lee ◽  
I-Ching Chou ◽  
Wei-De Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Research Database

Background and Purpose: Previous epidemiological investigations examining the association between Kawasaki disease (KD) and cerebrovascular disease have had conflicting results. We analyzed the association between KD and cerebrovascular disease by conducting a population-based retrospective cohort study designed to investigate the hypothesis that KD could be a risk factor for subsequent cerebrovascular disease. Methods: From the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, the data of children (aged 0–18 years old) with KD (n=8467) were collected. Starting with the first year of study observation (referred to as the baseline year), data was collected for each child with KD, and 4 non-KD patients matched for sex, urbanization level of residence, and parental occupation were randomly selected to form the non-KD cohort (n=33 868) for our analysis. For the period from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2012, we calculated the follow-up person-years for each patient, which is the time from the index date to the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease, death, or the end of 2012. Furthermore, we compared the incidence, the incidence rate ratio, and the 95% CI of cerebrovascular disease between the KD and non-KD cohorts. Results: The overall cerebrovascular disease incidence rate was found to be 3.19-fold higher, which is significantly higher, in the KD cohort than in the non-KD cohort (14.73 versus 4.62 per 100 000 person-years), and the overall risk of cerebrovascular disease remained higher in the KD cohort (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.16 [95% CI, 1.46–6.85]). Furthermore, children aged <5 years showed a significantly higher risk of subsequent cerebrovascular disease in the KD cohort (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.14 [95% CI, 1.43–6.92]). Conclusions: This nationwide retrospective cohort study shows that KD may increase the risk of subsequent cerebrovascular disease, especially in those with KD aged <5 years old.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Among Taiwan Osteoporotic Fracture Population under Osteoporosis Pharmacological Treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1599-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Chieh Lin ◽  
Cheng-Han Lee ◽  
Chyun-Yu Yang ◽  
Yea-Huei Kao Yang ◽  
Swu-Jane Lin
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Osteoporotic Fracture ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Osteoporosis Therapy ◽  
Treatment Scenario ◽  
Fracture Population

Context: There was no clear evidence for the association between oral bisphosphonates or raloxifene and venous thromboembolism (VTE). There might also be ethnic differences in VTE risk. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence and risk of VTEs for different classes of osteoporosis drugs in the Taiwanese osteoporotic fracture population. Design: This was a retrospective cohort study from 2003 to 2007, with up to 6 years follow-up. Setting: Enrollees were participants in Taiwan National Health Insurance. Patients: Patients older than 50 years who had vertebral or hip fractures and were new to osteoporosis therapy were recruited. Intervention: Patients were classified into the alendronate, calcitonin, or raloxifene group according to exposure after follow-up. Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome of our study was all incident VTEs, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the relative VTE risk among alendronate, raloxifene, and calcitonin groups under an on-treatment scenario. Results: There were 25 443, 9642, and 31 900 patients in the alendronate, raloxifene, and calcitonin groups, and the mean age was 74.5 years (SD, 9.6). The incidence of VTE in the alendronate, raloxifene, and calcitonin groups was 11.2, 8.5, and 18.8 per 10 000 person-years. Results from Cox analyses showed that alendronate or raloxifene recipients did not have a higher risk for VTE than calcitonin recipients (adjusted hazard ratio for alendronate, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–1.51; adjusted hazard ratio for raloxifene, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.33–1.28). Conclusion: This retrospective analysis found that the incidence of VTE in Taiwanese patients with osteoporosis was low, and the risk of VTE was similar across alendronate, raloxifene, and calcitonin recipients in patients with osteoporotic fractures who were new to osteoporosis therapy.

scholarly journals Preterm delivery and long term mortality in women: national cohort and co-sibling study

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Crump ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Kristina Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Term Delivery ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Abstract Objectives To examine the long term mortality associated with preterm delivery in a large population based cohort of women, and to assess for potential confounding by shared familial factors. Design National cohort study. Setting Sweden. Participants All 2 189 477 women with a singleton delivery in 1973-2015. Main outcome measures All cause and cause specific mortality up to 2016, identified from nationwide death records. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios while adjusting for confounders, and co-sibling analyses assessed the potential influence of unmeasured shared familial (genetic and environmental) factors. Results In 50.7 million person years of follow-up, 76 535 (3.5%) women died (median age at death was 57.6). In the 10 years after delivery, the adjusted hazard ratio for all cause mortality associated with preterm delivery (<37 weeks) was 1.73 (95% confidence interval 1.61 to 1.87), and when further stratified was 2.20 (1.63 to 2.96) for extremely preterm delivery (22-27 weeks), 2.28 (2.01 to 2.58) for very preterm delivery (28-33 weeks), 1.52 (1.39 to 1.67) for late preterm delivery (34-36 weeks), and 1.19 (1.12 to 1.27) for early term delivery (37-38 weeks) compared with full term delivery (39-41 weeks). These risks declined but remained significantly raised after longer follow-up times: for preterm versus full term births, 10-19 years after delivery, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.45 (95% confidence interval 1.37 to 1.53); 20-44 years after delivery, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.37 (1.33 to 1.41). These findings did not seem to be attributable to shared genetic or environmental factors within families. Several causes were identified, including cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Conclusions In this large national cohort of women, the findings suggested that preterm and early term delivery were independent risk factors for premature mortality from several major causes. These associations declined over time but remained raised up to 40 years later.

Histological Inflammation in the Endoscopically Uninflamed Mucosa is Associated With Worse Outcomes in Limited Ulcerative Colitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Geraldes de Frias Gomes ◽  
Alexandra Sofia Ribeiro de Almeida ◽  
Catarina Callé Lucas Mendes ◽  
Pierre Ellul ◽  
Johan Burisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Disease Extent ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Disease Extension

Abstract Background The Montreal classification categorizes patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) based on their macroscopic disease extent. Independent of endoscopic extent, biopsies through all colonic segments should be retrieved during index colonoscopy. However, the prognostic value of histological inflammation at diagnosis in the inflamed and uninflamed regions of the colon has never been assessed. Methods This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with treatment-naïve proctitis and left-sided UC. Biopsies from at least 2 colonic segments (endoscopically inflamed and uninflamed mucosa) were retrieved and reviewed by 2 pathologists. Histological features in the endoscopically inflamed and uninflamed mucosa were scored using the Nancy score. The primary outcomes were disease complications (proximal disease extension, need for hospitalization or colectomy) and higher therapeutic requirements (need for steroids or for therapy escalation). Results Overall, 93 treatment-naïve patients were included, with a median follow-up of 44 months (range, 2-329). The prevalence of any histological inflammation above the endoscopic margin was 71%. Proximal disease extension was more frequent in patients with histological inflammation in the endoscopically uninflamed mucosa at diagnosis (21.5% vs 3.4%, P = 0.04). Histological involvement above the endoscopic margin was the only predictor associated with an earlier need for therapy escalation (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-13.0); P = 0.04) and disease complications (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-20.9; P = 0.04). Conclusions The presence of histological inflammation in the endoscopically uninflamed mucosa at the time of diagnosis was associated with worse outcomes in limited UC.

scholarly journals Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and the Risk of Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xu ◽  
Kunihiro Matsushita ◽  
Guobin Su ◽  
Marco Trevisan ◽  
Johan Ärnlöv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Reverse Causation ◽  
Detection Bias ◽  
Lower Egfr ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Background and objectivesCommunity-based reports regarding eGFR and the risk of cancer are conflicting. We here explore plausible links between kidney function and cancer incidence in a large Scandinavian population–based cohort.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsIn the Stockholm Creatinine Measurements project, we quantified the associations of baseline eGFR with the incidence of cancer among 719,033 Swedes ages ≥40 years old with no prior history of cancer. Study outcomes were any type and site-specific cancer incidence rates on the basis of International Classification of Diseases-10 codes over a median follow-up of 5 years. To explore the possibility of detection bias and reverse causation, we divided the follow-up time into different time periods (≤12 and >12 months) and estimated risks for each of these intervals.ResultsIn total, 64,319 cases of cancer (affecting 9% of participants) were detected throughout 3,338,226 person-years. The relationship between eGFR and cancer incidence was U shaped. Compared with eGFR of 90–104 ml/min, lower eGFR strata associated with higher cancer risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.11 for eGFR=30–59 ml/min and adjusted hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.35 for eGFR<30 ml/min). Lower eGFR strata were significantly associated with higher risk of skin, urogenital, prostate, and hematologic cancers. Any cancer risk as well as skin (nonmelanoma) and urogenital cancer risks were significantly elevated throughout follow-up time, but they were higher in the first 12 months postregistration. Associations with hematologic and prostate cancers abrogated after the first 12 months of observation, suggesting the presence of detection bias and/or reverse causation.ConclusionsThere is a modestly higher cancer risk in individuals with mild to severe CKD driven primarily by skin and urogenital cancers, and this is only partially explained by bias.

scholarly journals Incidence, predictive factors and severity of methotrexate-related liver injury in rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Mori ◽  
Nobuyuki Arima ◽  
Masahiro Ito ◽  
Yukitaka Ueki ◽  
Yasuyo Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Hepatic Fat

Abstract Objectives The aims were to determine the incidence rate, predictive factors and severity of liver injury that develops during MTX treatment for RA and to evaluate the role of pretreatment hepatic fat deposition. Methods We used an ongoing real-life registry containing RA patients who had started MTX between August 2007 and April 2018 at participating institutions. The liver-to-spleen attenuation ratio on CT scans at enrolment was used to evaluate pretreatment fat deposition quantitatively. Patients were followed until persistent transaminitis developed or until the end of the study. Liver biopsy was performed for patients who presented with persistent transaminitis. Results We followed 289 new MTX users without pretreatment elevations of transaminases (mean follow-up time, 58.3 months). Hepatic fat deposition was detected in half of the patients at enrolment. During follow-up, persistent transaminitis occurred at a crude incidence rate of 3.13 per 100 person-years, and the cumulative incidence at 5 years was estimated to be 13%. A multivariate Fine–Gray regression analysis showed that the most important predictive factors were pre-existing moderate to severe fat deposition (adjusted hazard ratio, 7.69; 95% CI: 3.10, 19.10) and obesity (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.68; 95% CI: 1.37, 5.25). Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was the most predominant pattern in liver biopsy samples. Hepatic fibrosis was found in 90% of samples, but most cases were not advanced. Conclusion Aggravation of underlying fatty liver to NASH with fibrosis seems to be an important mechanism of liver injury that occurs in MTX-treated RA patients.

scholarly journals Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Gallbladder Stone Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798831983958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hua Chen ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Chia-Hung Kao
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Gallbladder Stone ◽  
Increased Risk

We assessed the risk of erectile dysfunction after the diagnosis of gallbladder stone disease. We identified 9,362 men aged ≥20 years diagnosed with gallbladder stone disease between 2000 and 2011 from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database as the study cohort, and we randomly selected 9,362 men from the nongallbladder stone disease population by 1:1 frequency-matching with the case cohort based on age, the index date for the diagnosis of gallbladder stone disease, and comorbidities as the control cohort. All subjects were followed until December 31, 2011, for measuring the erectile dysfunction incidence. The risk of organic erectile dysfunction was higher in the gallbladder stone disease cohort than the nongallbladder stone disease cohort (4.01 vs. 2.69 per 1,000 person-years, adjusted hazard ratio = 1.41, 97.5% confidence interval [1.12, 1.78]), but the risk of psychogenic erectile dysfunction was comparable between the gallbladder stone disease cohort and the nongallbladder stone disease cohort (0.40 vs. 0.28 per 1,000 person-years, adjusted hazard ratio = 1.37, 97.5% confidence interval [0.67, 2.79]). Moreover, gallbladder stone disease men with cholecystectomy exhibited a lower risk of developing organic erectile dysfunction than gallbladder stone disease men without cholecystectomy (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.58, 97.5% confidence interval [0.41, 0.80]). The risk of organic erectile dysfunction contributed by gallbladder stone disease was only significantly higher in men aged ≥65 years (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.21, 97.5% confidence interval [1.34, 3.63]) and in men with comorbidities (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.42, 97.5% confidence interval [1.09, 1.85]). The risk of psychogenic erectile dysfunction contributed by gallbladder stone disease was nonsignificant in each age group and in men with or without comorbidities. Gallbladder stone disease is associated with an increased risk of organic erectile dysfunction, but it has no association with psychogenic erectile dysfunction. History of cholecystectomy for gallbladder stone disease may ameliorate the risk of organic erectile dysfunction; it requires more studies to ascertain the protective mechanism and to clarify whether the existence of gallbladder stone disease is an epiphenomenon or independent risk factor of erectile dysfunction.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and myocarditis or myopericarditis: population based cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e068665
Author(s):  
Anders Husby ◽  
Jørgen Vinsløv Hansen ◽  
Emil Fosbøl ◽  
Emilia Myrup Thiesson ◽  
Morten Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Absolute

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and myocarditis or myopericarditis.DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingDenmark.Participants4 931 775 individuals aged 12 years or older, followed from 1 October 2020 to 5 October 2021.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome, myocarditis or myopericarditis, was defined as a combination of a hospital diagnosis of myocarditis or pericarditis, increased troponin levels, and a hospital stay lasting more than 24 hours. Follow-up time before vaccination was compared with follow-up time 0-28 days from the day of vaccination for both first and second doses, using Cox proportional hazards regression with age as an underlying timescale to estimate hazard ratios adjusted for sex, comorbidities, and other potential confounders.ResultsDuring follow-up, 269 participants developed myocarditis or myopericarditis, of whom 108 (40%) were 12-39 years old and 196 (73%) were male. Of 3 482 295 individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), 48 developed myocarditis or myopericarditis within 28 days from the vaccination date compared with unvaccinated individuals (adjusted hazard ratio 1.34 (95% confidence interval 0.90 to 2.00); absolute rate 1.4 per 100 000 vaccinated individuals within 28 days of vaccination (95% confidence interval 1.0 to 1.8)). Adjusted hazard ratios among female participants only and male participants only were 3.73 (1.82 to 7.65) and 0.82 (0.50 to 1.34), respectively, with corresponding absolute rates of 1.3 (0.8 to 1.9) and 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2) per 100 000 vaccinated individuals within 28 days of vaccination, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio among 12-39 year olds was 1.48 (0.74 to 2.98) and the absolute rate was 1.6 (1.0 to 2.6) per 100 000 vaccinated individuals within 28 days of vaccination. Among 498 814 individuals vaccinated with mRNA-1273 (Moderna), 21 developed myocarditis or myopericarditis within 28 days from vaccination date (adjusted hazard ratio 3.92 (2.30 to 6.68); absolute rate 4.2 per 100 000 vaccinated individuals within 28 days of vaccination (2.6 to 6.4)). Adjusted hazard ratios among women only and men only were 6.33 (2.11 to 18.96) and 3.22 (1.75 to 5.93), respectively, with corresponding absolute rates of 2.0 (0.7 to 4.8) and 6.3 (3.6 to 10.2) per 100 000 vaccinated individuals within 28 days of vaccination, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio among 12-39 year olds was 5.24 (2.47 to 11.12) and the absolute rate was 5.7 (3.3 to 9.3) per 100 000 vaccinated individuals within 28 days of vaccination.ConclusionsVaccination with mRNA-1273 was associated with a significantly increased risk of myocarditis or myopericarditis in the Danish population, primarily driven by an increased risk among individuals aged 12-39 years, while BNT162b2 vaccination was only associated with a significantly increased risk among women. However, the absolute rate of myocarditis or myopericarditis after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination was low, even in younger age groups. The benefits of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination should be taken into account when interpreting these findings. Larger multinational studies are needed to further investigate the risks of myocarditis or myopericarditis after vaccination within smaller subgroups.

The Risks for Ovarian, Endometrial, Breast, Colorectal, and Other Cancers in Women With Newly Diagnosed Endometriosis or Adenomyosis: A Population-Based Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor C. Kok ◽  
Horng-Jyh Tsai ◽  
Chi-Feng Su ◽  
Chien-Kuan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Ovarian Endometriosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Comparison Cohort

ObjectiveRecent studies report a link between endometriosis and ovarian cancer (OC). Using a population-based cohort study to confirm the association between endometriosis and cancer is desirable. We thus examined the magnitude of the risks of OC, endometrial cancer (EC), breast cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), and other cancers in women with newly diagnosed endometriosis or adenomyosis (internal endometriosis).Methods/MaterialsWomen older than 20 years with claims data between 2003 and 2005 were identified from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Dataset containing 1 million individuals randomly sampled from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Those with preexisting malignancies, hysterectomy, or oophorectomy were excluded. The endometriosis cohort (n = 2266, including 768 cases of pure adenomyosis) and comparison cohort (n = 9064), formed by 1:4 matching, were followed up until incidence cancer, dropout, or December 31, 2008. Outcome measures included cancer incidence and adjusted hazard ratio by Cox model adjusted for age group, comorbidities, and endometriosis medication use.ResultsWith 9842 person-years of follow-up in endometriosis cohort and 36,274 person-years of follow-up in comparison cohort, there were increased risks of all cancers (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–2.4), OC (4.56, 1.72–12.11), and EC (4.05, 1.20–13.66). The ovarian endometriosis group was associated with increased risk of subsequent OC (4.37, 1.07–17.83). The adenomyosis group was strongly associated with both OC (5.50, 1.95–15.50) and EC (5.13, 1.36–19.40). Increased risk of subsequent CRC was observed in women with adenomyosis with coexistent endometriosis at other sites (13.04, 2.21–77.04). However, no statistically significant increased risk of breast or other cancers was observed.ConclusionsHaving limitations such as lacking of parity information which may affect the magnitude of risk estimates, this study demonstrates that ovarian endometriosis has a 4-fold increased risk of OC. Adenomyosis may associate with a 4- to 5-fold increased risk of OC and EC, and unexpectedly, a 13-fold increased risk of CRC.

scholarly journals Survival rate of HIV-infected children after initiation of the antiretroviral therapy and its predictors in Ethiopia: A facility-based retrospective cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211983895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Arage ◽  
Mekonnen Assefa ◽  
Teshager Worku ◽  
Agumasie Semahegn
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To determine the survival rate and predictors of HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy at two selected facilities in North Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in Debre Tabor General Hospital and Dessie Referral Hospital from December 2005 to November 2015. A total of 426 records were included in the study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent predictors of survival. Results: At the end of follow-up, 97 (22.9%) HIV-infected children died and 325 (77.1%) were alive. The probabilities of survival at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months of on antiretroviral therapy were 0.91, 0.85, 0.84 and 0.80, respectively. The median survival time was 91.6 months (95% confidence interval: 89.0–94.2). Almost half (51%) of the deaths occurred within the first 2 years of treatment. Study participants who had poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–7.5) and who started antiretroviral therapy with lower baseline weight-for-age Z-score (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–6.1) were significantly associated with high risk of mortality. On the other hand, study participants with a baseline CD4 count above 200 cells/mm3 (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.7; 95% confidence interval: 0.4–0.9) and those participants who had psychosocial support during follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.1–0.7) were significantly associated with less mortality event. Conclusion: Mortality of children on antiretroviral therapy was high. The risk of mortality is increased if the child was underweight at the commencement of antiretroviral therapy, had lower baseline CD4 count, had poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy and had no psychosocial support. Concerned stakeholders should focus on antiretroviral therapy adherence, nutritional interventions, psychological support and early initiation of antiretroviral therapy regardless of their CD4 count to enhance survival of HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy.

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