scholarly journals Automated Analysis of Risk Factors for Postictal Generalized EEG Suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuhe Zhao ◽  
Laura Vilella ◽  
Liang Zhu ◽  
M. R. Sandhya Rani ◽  
Johnson P. Hampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Seizure Severity ◽  
Epilepsy Monitoring ◽  
Tonic Phase

Rationale: Currently, there is some ambiguity over the role of postictal generalized electro-encephalographic suppression (PGES) as a biomarker in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Visual analysis of PGES, known to be subjective, may account for this. In this study, we set out to perform an analysis of PGES presence and duration using a validated signal processing tool, specifically to examine the association between PGES and seizure features previously reported to be associated with visually analyzed PGES.Methods: This is a prospective, multicenter epilepsy monitoring study of autonomic and breathing biomarkers of SUDEP in adult patients with intractable epilepsy. We studied videoelectroencephalogram (vEEG) recordings of generalized convulsive seizures (GCS) in a cohort of patients in whom respiratory and vEEG recording were carried out during the evaluation in the epilepsy monitoring unit. A validated automated EEG suppression detection tool was used to determine presence and duration of PGES.Results: We studied 148 GCS in 87 patients. PGES occurred in 106/148 (71.6%) seizures in 70/87 (80.5%) of patients. PGES mean duration was 38.7 ± 23.7 (37; 1–169) seconds. Presence of tonic phase during GCS, including decerebration, decortication and hemi-decerebration, were 8.29 (CI 2.6–26.39, p = 0.0003), 7.17 (CI 1.29–39.76, p = 0.02), and 4.77 (CI 1.25–18.20, p = 0.02) times more likely to have PGES, respectively. In addition, presence of decerebration (p = 0.004) and decortication (p = 0.02), older age (p = 0.009), and hypoxemia duration (p = 0.03) were associated with longer PGES durations.Conclusions: In this study, we confirmed observations made with visual analysis, that presence of tonic phase during GCS, longer hypoxemia, and older age are reliably associated with PGES. We found that of the different types of tonic phase posturing, decerebration has the strongest association with PGES, followed by decortication, followed by hemi-decerebration. This suggests that these factors are likely indicative of seizure severity and may or may not be associated with SUDEP. An automated signal processing tool enables objective metrics, and may resolve apparent ambiguities in the role of PGES in SUDEP and seizure severity studies.

scholarly journals Role of Ce concentration on the structural and magnetic properties of functional magnetic oxide particles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Saini ◽  
Monika Sharma ◽  
Bijoy Kumar Kuanr
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Oxide ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Structural And Magnetic Properties

Functional magnetic oxide particles offer exceptional GHz frequency capabilities, which can significantly enhance the utility of communication and signal processing devices.

scholarly journals The Neuroinflammatory Role of Pericytes in Epilepsy

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Gaku Yamanaka ◽  
Fuyuko Takata ◽  
Yasufumi Kataoka ◽  
Kanako Kanou ◽  
Shinichiro Morichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Pericytes are a component of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) neurovascular unit, in which they play a crucial role in BBB integrity and are also implicated in neuroinflammation. The association between pericytes, BBB dysfunction, and the pathophysiology of epilepsy has been investigated, and links between epilepsy and pericytes have been identified. Here, we review current knowledge about the role of pericytes in epilepsy. Clinical evidence has shown an accumulation of pericytes with altered morphology in the cerebral vascular territories of patients with intractable epilepsy. In vitro, proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6, cause morphological changes in human-derived pericytes, where IL-6 leads to cell damage. Experimental studies using epileptic animal models have shown that cerebrovascular pericytes undergo redistribution and remodeling, potentially contributing to BBB permeability. These series of pericyte-related modifications are promoted by proinflammatory cytokines, of which the most pronounced alterations are caused by IL-1β, a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Furthermore, the pericyte-glial scarring process in leaky capillaries was detected in the hippocampus during seizure progression. In addition, pericytes respond more sensitively to proinflammatory cytokines than microglia and can also activate microglia. Thus, pericytes may function as sensors of the inflammatory response. Finally, both in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the potential of pericytes as a therapeutic target for seizure disorders.

scholarly journals Postictal Death Is Associated with Tonic Phase Apnea in a Mouse Model of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1023-1035
Author(s):  
Ian C. Wenker ◽  
Frida A. Teran ◽  
Eric R. Wengert ◽  
Pravin K. Wagley ◽  
Payal S. Panchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Tonic Phase

Investments in the imaginary: commercial drone speculations and relations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jackman ◽  
Maximilian Jablonowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Critical Visual Analysis

Drones are increasingly understood and imagined as important actors, inhabiting and transforming aerial space. From their entrenched establishment within battlefield operations, drones have spawned into a diverse ecosystem of platforms and applications, increasingly punctuating domestic urban airspace. While occupying a status as exemplars of urban innovation, the drone poses, and remains bound to, a range of techno-cultural contestations – from challenges around airspace integration, to concerns around privacy, safety and pollution. Thinking with commercial drone futures, and specifically the logistics sector, this article interrogates the role of speculation in this unfolding techno-landscape. In so doing we turn to two key sites through which the drone is anticipated – namely patents and adverts – as lenses through which to investigate projected visualisations underpinning the emergent, envisioned and anticipated drone. We argue that such drone speculations do not simply and solely envision new means of circulating goods, people and information, but rather embody and act to promote a particular set of aerial desires and social relations. Critically unpacking envisioned notions of frictionless mobility, instant consumption, and the appropriation of vertical spaces and spectra, we argue that such speculative sites and practices importantly participate in a techno-fetishist agenda positing drone technology as a privileged and panacea agent of futurity, while often eliding its implications.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Drones are increasingly understood and imagined as important actors, inhabiting and transforming urban airspace.</li><br /><li>Interrogating the domestic drone, we offer a critical visual analysis of key sites through which it is speculated.</li><br /><li>While envisioning convenience from the air, commercial drone speculations also embody and promote particular aerial desires.</li><br /><li>We argue that staying with speculation enables the critical unpacking of notions of frictionless mobility, instant consumption and the appropriation of vertical space.</li></ul>

scholarly journals Fish consumption, contaminants and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: many more benefits than risks

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
FA. Scorza ◽  
RM. Cysneiros ◽  
RM. Arida ◽  
VC. Terra ◽  
HR. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

People with epilepsy have an increased risk of dying prematurely and the most common epilepsy-related category of death is sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). SUDEP is mainly a problem for patients with chronic uncontrolled epilepsy. The ultimate goal of research in SUDEP is to develop new methods to prevent it and actions other than medical and surgical therapies that could be very useful. Nutritional aspects, i.e., omega-3 fatty acids deficiency, could have an interesting role in this scenario. Some animal and clinical studies have suggested that omega-3 fatty acids could be useful in the prevention and treatment of epilepsy and hence SUDEP. It has been ascertained that the only foods that provide large amounts of omega-3 are seafood (fish and shellfish); however, some fish are contaminated with methylmercury, which may counteract the positive effects of omega-3 fatty acids. Our update review summarises the knowledge of the role of fish consumption on epilepsy research.

scholarly journals The Role of Pharmaceutical Care in Intractable Epilepsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Ura ◽  
Ichiro Takumi ◽  
Osamu Fujino ◽  
Keiko Fukuda ◽  
Shiro Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy
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