Potential Locations for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Treating Schizophrenia: A Resting-State Functional Connectivity Analysis

Introduction: Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have been widely used for the purpose of improving clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. However, the ambiguous stimulation targets may limit the efficacy of NIBS for schizophrenia. Exploring effective stimulation targets may improve the clinical efficacy of NIBS in schizophrenia.Methods: We first conducted a neurosynth-based meta-analysis of 715 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies to identify schizophrenia-related brain regions as regions of interest. Then, we performed the resting-state functional connectivity analysis in 32 patients with first-episode schizophrenia to find brain surface regions correlated with the regions of interest in three pipelines. Finally, the 10–20 system coordinates corresponding to the brain surface regions were considered as potential targets for NIBS.Results: We identified several potential targets of NIBS, including the bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, bilateral inferior parietal lobule, temporal pole, medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, superior and middle temporal gyrus, and superior and middle occipital gyrus. Notably, the 10-20 system location of the bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex was posterior to F3 (F4), not F3 (F4).Conclusion: Conclusively, our findings suggested that the stimulation locations corresponding to these potential targets might help clinicians optimize the application of NIBS therapy in individuals with schizophrenia.

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Locations for noninvasive brain stimulation in treating depressive disorders: A combination of meta-analysis and resting-state functional connectivity analysis

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0004867420920372 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 582-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Binlong Zhang ◽

Jiao Liu ◽

Tuya Bao ◽

Georgia Wilson ◽

Joel Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Surface ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Objective: Many noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have been applied to treat depressive disorders. However, the target brain region in most noninvasive brain stimulation studies is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Exploring new stimulation locations may improve the efficacy of noninvasive brain stimulation for depressive disorders. We aimed to explore potential noninvasive brain stimulation locations for depressive disorders through a meta-analysis and a functional connectivity approach. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of 395 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies to identify depressive disorder–associated brain regions as regions of interest. Then, we ran resting-state functional connectivity analysis with three different pipelines in 40 depression patients to find brain surface regions correlated with these regions of interest. The 10–20 system coordinates corresponding to these brain surface regions were considered as potential locations for noninvasive brain stimulation. Results: The 10–20 system coordinates corresponding to the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, bilateral supramarginal gyrus, bilateral primary motor cortex, bilateral operculum, left angular gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus were identified as potential locations for noninvasive brain stimulation in depressive disorders. The coordinates were: posterior to F3, posterior to F4, superior to F3, posterior to F7, anterior to C4, P3, midpoint of F7–T3, posterior to F8, anterior to C3, midpoint of Fz–Cz, midpoint of Fz–Fp1, anterior to T4, midpoint of C3–P3, and anterior to C4. Conclusion: Our study identified several potential noninvasive brain stimulation locations for depressive disorders, which may serve as a basis for future clinical investigations.

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Functional building blocks: Resting state functional connectivity-based partitioning of lateral prefrontal cortex

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/conf.fnins.2010.14.00081 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Petrides M.

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Lateral Prefrontal Cortex

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Mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of anorexia nervosa

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S49-S50

Author(s):

Lydia Shackshaft

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

High Frequency ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

Neurophysiological Mechanisms

AimsSevere and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SE-AN) is a challenging condition to treat, with limited therapeutic options, high morbidity, and the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric illness. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging treatment option, as evidence demonstrates promising efficacy in improving mood and reducing core Anorexia Nervosa symptoms, as well as safety and tolerability to patients. We aimed to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of rTMS use in SE-AN patients by assessing changes in resting state functional connectivity, in the first functional neuroimaging analysis investigating rTMS effects in Anorexia Nervosa patients.Method26 females with a current diagnosis of SE-AN received 20 sessions of sham or real high frequency rTMS (10 hertz) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a randomised double-blind trial. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after rTMS. Neural correlates of rTMS treatment were identified using a seed-based functional connectivity analysis with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral amygdalae as regions of interest. Functional connectivity differences were analysed using t-contrasts in a mixed ANOVA (flexible factorial analysis) to assess interactions between treatment group (real rTMS vs sham) and time-point (pre or post TMS).ResultNo statistically significant changes in resting-state functional connectivity were observed post-rTMS compared to baseline in participants receiving active rTMS compared to sham. Increased functional connectivity between the left amygdala and left pre-supplementary motor area was observed to reach cluster-wise significance (PFWE < 0.05). However, after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (3 seed regions), this did not reach the significance threshold PFWE <0.017.ConclusionThis study highlights the need for further investigation of neurophysiological mechanisms, including resting-state functional connectivity modulation, resulting from rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in SE-AN patients. This requires higher powered studies to account for heterogeneity in treatment response. We have provided some indication that high frequency rTMS may have therapeutic benefit in SE-AN by modification of functional connectivity between prefrontal and limbic brain regions, resulting in improved top-down cognitive control over emotional processing and ability to enact goal-directed behaviours, enabling secondary reductions in eating disorder behaviours.

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EEG Resting State Functional Connectivity Analysis in Children with Benign Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2016.00143 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Azeez Adebimpe ◽

Ardalan Aarabi ◽

Emilie Bourel-Ponchel ◽

Mahdi Mahmoudzadeh ◽

Fabrice Wallois

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Connectivity Analysis ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Functional Connectivity Analysis ◽

Benign Epilepsy

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Distributed Global Functional Connectivity Networks Predict Responsiveness to L-DOPA and Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/neuros/nyz310_147 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Chengyuan Wu ◽

Thomas Foltynie ◽

Patricia Limousin ◽

Ludvic Zrinzo ◽

Harith Akram

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Resting State ◽

Visuomotor Control ◽

Global Network ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Graph Metrics ◽

Stn Dbs ◽

Deep Brain

Abstract INTRODUCTION Brain circuit dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) involves an extensive global network. A distinctive basal ganglia resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) pattern has been linked with the ranked response to L-DOPA. We therefore sought to investigate global rsFC patterns associated with response to L-DOPA and to subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with advanced PD. METHODS A total of 19 patients underwent 3-Tesla resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) in the ON-medication state prior to STN DBS. Improvement in UPDRS-III hemibody scores were assessed following L-DOPA therapy and STN DBS. Global rsFC was measured between regions-of-interest (ROIs) defined by the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) atlas and the Montreal Neurologic Institute (MNI) PD25 subcortical atlas. Seed- and network-level correlations were made with an FDR-P < .005. Graph theoretical analysis was performed with an analysis threshold of FDR-P < .005; and then looking at the top 15% of edges. RESULTS Response to L-DOPA and to DBS displayed cerebellar desynchronization with bilateral thalami and synchronization with bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortices (vmPFC). L-DOPA response was additionally associated with desynchronization between the vmPFC and the fusiform gyrus. Meanwhile, DBS response was associated with more widespread areas, which have been implicated in visuomotor control and planning. Graph theory analysis revealed that DBS response was inversely related to global efficiency of the thalamus and putamen bilaterally. No significant graph metrics were found relative to L-DOPA response. CONCLUSION Response to DBS and to L-DOPA share similar characteristics, particularly in cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuits, including those that play a role in planning, learning, decision-making, and reward-based behavior. Preservation of distributed networks involved in visuomotor control and network integration of striatothalamocortical circuits appear to predict DBS response. These findings shed a light on the mechanism of action of DBS and L-DOPA and may help serve as useful treatment response biomarkers.

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