scholarly journals Altered Dynamic Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Patients With Migraine Without Aura

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Guiqiang Qi ◽  
Yingxia Zhang ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Shaojin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Functional Dynamics ◽  
Frequency Fluctuations

Migraine is a chronic and idiopathic disorder leading to cognitive and affective problems. However, the neural basis of migraine without aura is still unclear. In this study, dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) analyses were performed in 21 patients with migraine without aura and 21 gender- and age-matched healthy controls to identify the voxel-level abnormal functional dynamics. Significantly decreased dALFF in the bilateral anterior insula, bilateral lateral orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral medial prefrontal cortex, bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, and left middle frontal cortex were found in patients with migraine without aura. The dALFF values in the anterior cingulate cortex were negatively correlated with pain intensity, i.e., visual analog scale. Finally, support vector machine was used to classify patients with migraine without aura from healthy controls and achieved an accuracy of 83.33%, sensitivity of 90.48%, and specificity of 76.19%. Our findings provide the evidence that migraine influences the brain functional activity dynamics and reveal the neural basis for migraine, which could facilitate understanding the neuropathology of migraine and future treatment.

scholarly journals Increased activation of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex to citalopram challenge in migraine: an fMRI study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Edit Edes ◽  
Shane McKie ◽  
Edina Szabo ◽  
Gyongyi Kokonyei ◽  
Dorottya Pap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key structure of the pain processing network. Several structural and functional alterations of this brain area have been found in migraine. In addition, altered serotonergic neurotransmission has been repeatedly implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine, although the exact mechanism is not known. Thus, our aim was to investigate the relationship between acute increase of brain serotonin (5-HT) level and the activation changes of the ACC using pharmacological challenge MRI (phMRI) in migraine patients and healthy controls. Methods Twenty-seven pain-free healthy controls and six migraine without aura patients participated in the study. All participant attended to two phMRI sessions during which intravenous citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), or placebo (normal saline) was administered. We used region of interest analysis of ACC to compere the citalopram evoked activation changes of this area between patients and healthy participants. Results Significant difference in ACC activation was found between control and patient groups in the right pregenual ACC (pgACC) during and after citalopram infusion compared to placebo. The extracted time-series showed that pgACC activation increased in migraine patients compared to controls, especially in the first 8–10 min of citalopram infusion. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that a small increase in 5-HT levels can lead to increased phMRI signal in the pregenual part of the ACC that is involved in processing emotional aspects of pain. This increased sensitivity of the pgACC to increased 5-HT in migraine may contribute to recurring headache attacks and increased stress-sensitivity in migraine.

Resting-state functional connectivity of the striatum predicts improvement in negative symptoms and general functioning in patients with first-episode psychosis: A 1-year naturalistic follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghoon Oh ◽  
Minah Kim ◽  
Taekwan Kim ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
Jun Soo Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Episode Psychosis

Objective: The persistent disease burden of psychotic disorders often comes from negative symptoms; however, prognostic biomarkers for negative symptoms have not been fully understood. This study investigated whether the altered functional connectivity of the striatum predicts improvement in negative symptoms and functioning after 1 year of usual treatment in patients with first-episode psychosis. Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic imaging was obtained from 40 first-episode psychosis patients and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Whole-brain functional connectivity maps were generated with subdivisions of the striatum as seed regions and compared between first-episode psychosis patients and healthy controls. In 22 patients with first-episode psychosis, follow-up assessments of negative symptom severity and general functional status were conducted after 1 year of usual treatment. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine factors predictive of symptomatic or functional improvements over the 1-year period. Results: First-episode psychosis patients showed greater functional connectivity between the left dorsal caudate and left primary motor cortex, as well as between the left ventral rostral putamen and right temporal occipital fusiform cortex, than healthy controls. Lower functional connectivity between the right dorsal rostral putamen and anterior cingulate cortex was observed in the first-episode psychosis patients than in healthy controls. In multiple regression analyses, lower functional connectivity of the left dorsal caudate–left primary motor cortex/right dorsal rostral putamen–anterior cingulate cortex predicted improvement in negative symptoms. In addition, lower right dorsal rostral putamen–anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity predicted improvement in general functioning. Conclusion: These results suggest that altered striatal functional connectivity can be a potent neurobiological marker in the prognosis prediction of first-episode psychosis. Furthermore, altered striatal functional connectivity may provide a potential target in developing treatments for negative symptoms.

Characteristics of temporal dynamics of intrinsic brain activity in unmedicated bipolar disorder with suicidality

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1115-1124
Author(s):  
Jiaying Gong ◽  
Guanmao Chen ◽  
Mengyao Zhou ◽  
Yanbin Jia ◽  
Shuming Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Suicidal Attempt ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Frequency Fluctuations ◽  
The Right

Background: Bipolar disorder is associated with a high risk of suicide. Routine neuroimaging examination exhibited that bipolar disorder with suicidality was associated with brain structural and functional changes. However, the alterations of brain dynamics have still remained elusive. Purpose: To investigate the alterations of brain dynamics in unmedicated bipolar disorder II depression with suicidality and predict the severity of suicidality. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 106 bipolar disorder II participants (20 with suicidal attempt, 35 with suicidal ideation, 51 without suicidal ideation) and 50 healthy controls who underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging between February 2016 and December 2017. We first used sliding window analysis to evaluate the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. Then, we predicted the severity of suicidality using a multivariate regression model. Results: One-way analysis of covariance revealed that the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right temporal pole, inferior temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex was significantly different among the four groups. Post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed that dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations was remarkably decreased in the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex in the three bipolar disorder II groups compared with that in healthy controls group. Increased dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations was found in the right superior temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the suicidal attempt group compared with that in the other groups, and in the right temporal pole in the suicidal attempt group compared with that in the suicidal ideation and healthy controls groups. Importantly, these temporal variabilities could be used to predict the severity of suicidality ( r = 0.330, p = 0.036), whereas static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations couldn’t ( r = –0.050, p = 0.532). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that alterations of temporal variability in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex are such a common feature of bipolar disorder patients. Besides, the severity of suicidality could be predicted by the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations abnormalities rather than static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations abnormalities, which is the first evidence of dynamic brain alterations in bipolar disorder patients with suicidality. The proposed predictive model may be advantageous for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Using Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations and Functional Connectivity in Patients With Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment for a Simulated Stimulation Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirui Wang ◽  
Bo Rao ◽  
Linglong Chen ◽  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Pinyan Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Frequency Fluctuations

Stroke causes alterations in local spontaneous neuronal activity and related networks functional connectivity. We hypothesized that these changes occur in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) was calculated in 36 patients with cognitive impairment, including 16 patients with hemorrhagic stroke (hPSCI group), 20 patients with ischemic stroke (iPSCI group). Twenty healthy volunteers closely matched to the patient groups with respect to age and gender were selected as the healthy control group (HC group). Regions with significant alteration were regarded as regions of interest (ROIs) using the one-way analysis of variance, and then the seed-based functional connectivity (FC) with other regions in the brain was analyzed. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to investigate the correlation between functional indexes and cognitive performance in patients with PSCI. Our results showed that fALFF values of bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex in the hPSCI group were lower than those in the HC group. Compared with the HC group, fALFF values were lower in the superior frontal gyrus and basal ganglia in the iPSCI group. Correlation analysis showed that the fALFF value of left PCC was positively correlated with MMSE scores and MoCA scores in hPSCI. Besides, the reduction of seed-based FC values was reported, especially in regions of the default-mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN). Abnormalities of spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity are observed in PSCI patients. The decreased fALFF and FC values in DMN of patients with hemorrhagic and SN of patients with ischemic stroke may be the pathological mechanism of cognitive impairment. Besides, we showed how to use fALFF values and functional connectivity maps to specify a target map on the cortical surface for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

scholarly journals Curiosity is associated with enhanced tonic firing in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Zhe Wang ◽  
Benjamin Yost Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
New Information ◽  
Trial Basis

ABSTRACTDisparity between current and desired information, known as information gap, is an important driver of information-seeking and curiosity. To gain insight into its neural basis, we recorded responses of single neurons in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) while rhesus macaques performed a task that induces and quantifies demand for information. We find that enhanced firing rates in dACC before the start of a trial predict a stronger bias towards information-seeking choices. Following choices of uninformative options, firing rates are tonically enhanced until information is delivered. The level of enhancement observed is correlated on a trial-by-trial basis with the value assigned to the prospective information. Finally, variation in this tone is positively correlated with receptiveness to new information, as inferred by preference changes on subsequent trials. These patterns are not observed in a complementary dataset collected in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), suggesting these effects reflect at least somewhat anatomically localized processing.

scholarly journals Deactivation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex indicated low postoperative sports levels in presurgical patients with chronic ankle instability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao’ao Xue ◽  
Shengkun Li ◽  
Hongyun Li ◽  
Qianru Li ◽  
Yinghui Hua
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Appraisal Processes

Abstract Background Injury-related fear contributed to disability in chronic ankle instability (CAI), while there still lacked exploration on the appraisal processes of the injury-related stimuli. This study aimed to compare the neural activities of the appraisal processes of sprain-related stimuli between presurgical chronic ankle instability patients and healthy controls through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and evaluate its relationships with the clinical outcomes of orthopedic surgeries. Methods Eighteen presurgical CAI patients and fourteen healthy controls were recruited and underwent an fMRI session with visual stimulation of movies that showing typical ankle sprains accidents or control videos and the corresponding fear ratings. The clinical outcomes were collected at baseline and a minimum of 2 years after surgery; these included the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores, and the Tegner Activity Rating Scale scores. The two-sample t-test would be applied to identify which brain regions were influenced by CAI, and the correlation analysis would be applied to measure the relationship between the activation and clinical outcomes. Results Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was deactivated in CAI patients when compared with healthy controls, and the dACC deactivation strength revealed a moderate correlation with the values of fear ratings for all participants. The deactivation strength was negatively correlated with AOFAS at baseline, with Tegner at follow-up and its improvement. Conclusions Presurgical CAI patients presented deactivated dACC as a different neural activity of appraisal processes of sprain-related stimuli when compared with healthy controls, which was associated with lower postoperative sports levels. More comprehensive patients care including psychological interventions were needed in the clinical management of chronic ankle instability.

Emotional processing in panic disorder and its subtypes: An fMRI study using the emotional faces paradigm

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S372-S372
Author(s):  
T. Pattyn ◽  
L. Schmaal ◽  
V.D.E. Filip ◽  
P. Brenda ◽  
S. Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Subgroup Versus

IntroductionThe literature on the neurobiology of emotional processing in panic disorder (PD) remains inconsistent. Clinical heterogeneity could be causing this.ObjectiveTo investigate differences in brain activity between PD and healthy controls using the emotional faces fMRI paradigm.AimsTo elucidate neurobiological mechanisms underlying emotional processing in PD and previously identified subtypes (Pattyn et al., 2015).MethodsThe main analysis compared the neural processing of different emotional facial expressions from a large group of PD patients (n = 73) versus healthy controls (n = 58) originating from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). A second analysis divided the PD group into the three previously identified subgroups: a cognitive-autonomic (n = 22), an autonomic (n = 16) and an aspecific subgroup (n = 35). The fusiform gyrus, the anterior cingulate cortex and the insula were used in a ROI approach.ResultsComparing PD patients with healthy controls, a decreased activity on angry faces was observed in the left fusiform gyrus. The subgroup analysis showed more activity in the anterior cingulate cortex on neutral faces in the cognitive-autonomic subgroup versus the autonomic subgroup and a decreased activity in the left fusiform gyrus on angry faces compared to the aspecific subgroup. Less activity was observed in the right insula on neutral faces in the autonomic subgroup versus the aspecific subgroup.ConclusionReduced activity in the left fusiform gyrus was differentiating panic disorder patients from healthy controls. In accordance with clinical subtyping, between-subtype differences are an indication that a phenomenological approach could provide more insight in underlying neurobiological mechanisms in emotional processing in PD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Changes in white matter in mice resulting from low-frequency brain stimulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (27) ◽  
pp. E6339-E6346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. Piscopo ◽  
Aldis P. Weible ◽  
Mary K. Rothbart ◽  
Michael I. Posner ◽  
Cristopher M. Niell
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Recent reports have begun to elucidate mechanisms by which learning and experience produce white matter changes in the brain. We previously reported changes in white matter surrounding the anterior cingulate cortex in humans after 2–4 weeks of meditation training. We further found that low-frequency optogenetic stimulation of the anterior cingulate in mice increased time spent in the light in a light/dark box paradigm, suggesting decreased anxiety similar to what is observed following meditation training. Here, we investigated the impact of this stimulation at the cellular level. We found that laser stimulation in the range of 1–8 Hz results in changes to subcortical white matter projection fibers in the corpus callosum. Specifically, stimulation resulted in increased oligodendrocyte proliferation, accompanied by a decrease in the g-ratio within the corpus callosum underlying the anterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest that low-frequency stimulation can result in activity-dependent remodeling of myelin, giving rise to enhanced connectivity and altered behavior.

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