scholarly journals Role of Oscillations in Auditory Temporal Processing: A General Model for Temporal Processing of Sensory Information in the Brain?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bahmer ◽  
Daya Shankar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
General Model ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
The Brain

Role of Auditory Temporal Processing for Reading and Spelling Disability

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1043-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Schulte-Körne ◽  
Wolfgang Deimel ◽  
Jürgen Bartling ◽  
Helmut Remschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Spelling Disability ◽  
Processing Deficit ◽  
Reading And Spelling

The role of auditory temporal processing in reading and spelling was investigated in a sample of 30 children and one of 31 adults, using a gap-detection task with nonspeech stimuli. There was no evidence for a relationship between reading and spelling disability (dyslexia) and the gap-detection threshold. The results were discussed regarding the relevance for the popular hypothesis of an auditory temporal processing deficit underlying dyslexia.

scholarly journals Genetic approaches to the investigation of serotonergic neuron functions in animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-455
Author(s):  
U. S. Drozd ◽  
E. V. Shaburova ◽  
N. N. Dygalo
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Serotonergic System ◽  
Serotonergic Neurons ◽  
Neurotransmitter Systems ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Serotonin System ◽  
The Brain

The serotonergic system is one of the most important neurotransmitter systems that take part in the regulation of vital CNS functions. The understanding of its mechanisms will help scientists create new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of mental and neurodegenerative diseases and find out how this neurotransmitter system interacts with other parts of the brain and regulates their activity. Since the serotonergic system anatomy and functionality are heterogeneous and complex, the best tools for studying them are based on manipulation of individual types of neurons without affecting neurons of other neurotransmitter systems. The selective cell control is possible due to the genetic determinism of their functions. Proteins that determine the uniqueness of the cell type are expressed under the regulation of cell-specific promoters. By using promoters that are specific for genes of the serotonin system, one can control the expression of a gene of interest in serotonergic neurons. Here we review approaches based on such promoters. The genetic models to be discussed in the article have already shed the light on the role of the serotonergic system in modulating behavior and processing sensory information. In particular, genetic knockouts of serotonin genes sert, pet1, and tph2 promoted the determination of their contribution to the development and functioning of the brain. In addition, the review describes inducible models that allow gene expression to be controlled at various developmental stages. Finally, the application of these genetic approaches in optogenetics and chemogenetics provided a new resource for studying the functions, discharge activity, and signal transduction of serotonergic neurons. Nevertheless, the advantages and limitations of the discussed genetic approaches should be taken into consideration in the course of creating models of pathological conditions and developing pharmacological treatments for their correction.

The Role of Visual and Auditory Temporal Processing in Reading Irregular and Nonsense Words

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3025 ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1127-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Au ◽  
Bill Lovegrove
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Nonsense Word ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Irregular Word ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing

In the present study, the role of rapid visual and auditory temporal processing in reading irregular and nonsense words was investigated with a group of normal readers. One hundred and five undergraduates participated in various visual and auditory temporal-processing tasks. Readers who primarily adopted the phonological route in reading (nonsense-word readers) showed a trend for better auditory temporal resolution but readers who primarily adopted sight word skills (irregular-word readers) did not exhibit better visual temporal resolution. Both the correlation and stepwise multiple-regression analyses, however, revealed a relationship between visual temporal processing and irregular-word reading as well as a relationship between auditory temporal processing and nonsense-word reading. The results support the involvement of visual and auditory processing in reading irregular and nonsense words respectively, and were discussed with respect to recent findings that only dyslexics with phonological impairment will display temporal deficits. Further, the temporal measures were not effective discriminants for the reading groups, suggesting a lack of association between reading ability and the choice of reading strategy.

Contribution of proprioception for calibrating and updating the motor space

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Bard ◽  
Michelle Fleury ◽  
Normand Teasdale ◽  
Jacques Paillard ◽  
Vincent Nougier
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frames ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Spatial Reference Frames ◽  
Proprioceptive Afferents ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Prismatic Adaptation ◽  
Central Level

The absence of muscular proprioception, whether at a segmental or at a central level, impairs performance in several ways. The contribution of proprioception to movement control and learning is not easily dissociated from that of other sources of sensory information (e.g., vision). Therefore, the rare clinical cases of extensive neuropathy, depriving the brain massively and permanently of its presumed main sources of dynamogenic information from skin and muscles, are of very special interest. Two such patients and controls were tested in experiments investigating (i) force production, (ii) amplitude coding, (iii) spatial reference frames in pointing, and (iv) prismatic adaptation. Overall, our results highlight the key role of proprioceptive afferents for calibrating the spatial motor frame of reference, and the powerful substitutive properties of the central nervous system.Key words: proprioception, deafferentation, space calibration, motor control.

The role of visual and auditory temporal processing for Chinese children with developmental dyslexia

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin K. H. Chung ◽  
Catherine McBride-Chang ◽  
Simpson W. L. Wong ◽  
Him Cheung ◽  
Trevor B. Penney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing

scholarly journals Embryonic Brain’s Spontaneous Activity Promote Synesthesia?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shashi Kiran Reddy ◽  
Georg Northoff
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Neural Pathway ◽  
Sensory Maps ◽  
The Brain

Antón-Bolaños et al. (2019) report a newly identified neural pathway mechanism, where the patterned spontaneous activity regulates the excitability of a neural network essential for the formation and maintenance of functional sensory maps in the brain. Findings from the study suggest that the patterned spontaneous activity prevalent during the embryonic development of the brain; at the early stages of innervation to the cortex, contributes to the formation of these sensory maps. Synesthesia is a neural phenomenon caused by the unusual links between sensory information, where synesthetic subjects demonstrate atypical functional and neural connectivity caused by the differences in cortical wiring during brain development. So, based on the findings from Antón-Bolaños et al. (2019), one can anticipate the role of spontaneous activity in promoting synesthetic condition. Thus, it will be interesting to study, if the intrinsic spontaneous activity influences the differential cortical wiring and the formation of sensory maps in synesthesia.

The Roles of Various Forms of Attention in Temporal Processing Deficits in Chinese Children With and Without Dyslexia

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Li-Chih Wang ◽  
Hsien-Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Processing Deficits ◽  
Character Reading ◽  
Switching Attention

This study examined the extent to which Chinese children with dyslexia show temporal processing deficits in addition to deficits in various forms of attention. In total, 104 Chinese children in primary school (Grades 3–6) were recruited in Taiwan. Half of the children were identified as having dyslexia, and the other half were typically developing children who were matched by gender, IQ, and age with the children with dyslexia. Our results indicated that Chinese children with dyslexia performed significantly worse on tasks of temporal processing, selective attention, and switching attention. Furthermore, both visual and auditory temporal processing, in addition to various attention types, could be significant distinguishing predictors between the two groups. Moreover, we found that visual temporal processing, but not auditory temporal processing, significantly contributed to Chinese character reading. This study was among the first to confirm the unique role of visual temporal processing in Chinese character reading.

The Effect of Hippocampus on Distraction

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 873-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Adeniyi Grillo
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Secondary Wave ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Negative Deflection ◽  
Auditory Area ◽  
Auditory Response ◽  
The Brain

Cortical auditory-evoked responses elicited by clicks were recorded from the acute encephale isole preparation of the cat with cortical electrodes on the primary auditory area. The cortical auditory response consisted of an initial surface-positive deflection which was followed by a slower negative deflection (the secondary wave). This negative deflection was followed by a slower surface-positive deflection. The effect of distraction on the amplitude of the secondary wave was observed. In general, distraction brought about a reduction in the amplitude of the secondary wave. However, stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus during the period of distraction counteracted the effect of distraction on the amplitude of the secondary wave. The results are discussed in relation to the possible role of the hippocampus in the integration of sensory information by the brain.

Lateralization of Speech and Auditory Temporal Processing

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Belin ◽  
Monica Zilbovicius ◽  
Sophie Crozier ◽  
Lionel Thivard ◽  
and Anne Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Cerebral Activation ◽  
Language Lateralization ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
The Right

To investigate the role of temporal processing in language lateralization, we monitored asymmetry of cerebral activation in human volunteers using positron emission tomography (PET). Subjects were scanned during passive auditory stimulation with nonverbal sounds containing rapid (40 msec) or extended (200 msec) frequency transitions. Bilateral symmetric activation was observed in the auditory cortex for slow frequency transitions. In contrast, left-biased asymmetry was observed in response to rapid frequency transitions due to reduced response of the right auditory cortex. These results provide direct evidence that auditory processing of rapid acoustic transitions is lateralized in the human brain. Such functional asymmetry in temporal processing is likely to contribute to language lateralization from the lowest levels of cortical processing.

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