scholarly journals Age Influences Loss Aversion Through Effects on Posterior Cingulate Cortical Thickness

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe R. Guttman ◽  
Dara G. Ghahremani ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Pochon ◽  
Andy C. Dean ◽  
Edythe D. London
Keyword(s):  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Curvilinear Trajectory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

Decision-making strategies shift during normal aging and can profoundly affect wellbeing. Although overweighing losses compared to gains, termed “loss aversion,” plays an important role in choice selection, the age trajectory of this effect and how it may be influenced by associated changes in brain structure remain unclear. We therefore investigated the relationship between age and loss aversion, and tested for its mediation by cortical thinning in brain regions that are susceptible to age-related declines and are implicated in loss aversion — the insular, orbitofrontal, and anterior and posterior cingulate cortices. Healthy participants (n = 106, 17–54 years) performed the Loss Aversion Task. A subgroup (n = 78) provided structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Loss aversion followed a curvilinear trajectory, declining in young adulthood and increasing in middle-age, and thinning of the posterior cingulate cortex mediated this trajectory. The findings suggest that beyond a threshold in middle adulthood, atrophy of the posterior cingulate cortex influences loss aversion.

Tau PET Distributional Pattern in AD Patients with Visuospatial Dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1055-1062
Author(s):  
Xi Sun ◽  
Binbin Nie ◽  
Shujun Zhao ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Panlong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects

Background: Visuospatial dysfunction is one predominant symptom in many atypical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, however, until now its neural correlates still remain unclear. For the accumulation of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau proteins is a major pathogenic factor in neurodegeneration of AD, the distributional pattern of tau could highlight the affected brain regions associated with specific cognitive deficits. Objective: We investigated the brain regions particularly affected by tau accumulation in patients with visuospatial dysfunction to explore its neural correlates. Methods: Using 18F-AV-1451 tau positron emission tomography (PET), voxel-wise two-sample t-tests were performed between AD patients with obvious visuospatial dysfunction (VS-AD) and cognitively normal subjects, AD patients with little-to-no visuospatial dysfunction (non VS-AD) and cognitively normal subjects, respectively. Results: Results showed increased tau accumulations mainly located in occipitoparietal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, inferior and medial temporal cortex in VS-AD patients, while increased tau accumulations mainly occurred in the inferior and medial temporal cortex in non VS-AD patients. Conclusion: These findings suggested that occipitoparietal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, which were particularly affected by increased tau accumulation in VS-AD patients, may associate with visuospatial dysfunction of AD.

Age-related differences in metabolites in the posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus of normal ageing brain: A 1H-MRS study

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. e223-e231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmen Reyngoudt ◽  
Tom Claeys ◽  
Leslie Vlerick ◽  
Stijn Verleden ◽  
Marjan Acou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
Ageing Brain

Beyond the disconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1213-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund T Rolls ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Matthieu Gilson ◽  
Weikang Gong ◽  
Gustavo Deco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Variance Parameter

Abstract To go beyond the disconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia, directed (effective) connectivity was measured between 94 brain regions, to provide evidence on the source of the changes in schizophrenia and a mechanistic model. Effective connectivity (EC) was measured in 180 participants with schizophrenia and 208 controls. For the significantly different effective connectivities in schizophrenia, on average the forward (stronger) effective connectivities were smaller, whereas the backward connectivities tended to be larger. Further, higher EC in schizophrenia was found from the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) to areas such as the parahippocampal, hippocampal, temporal, fusiform, and occipital cortices. These are backward effective connectivities and were positively correlated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Lower effective connectivities were found from temporal and other regions and were negatively correlated with the symptoms, especially the negative and general symptoms. Further, a signal variance parameter was increased for areas that included the parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus, consistent with the hypothesis that hippocampal overactivity is involved in schizophrenia. This investigation goes beyond the disconnectivity hypothesis by drawing attention to differences in schizophrenia between backprojections and forward connections, with the backward connections from the precuneus and PCC implicated in memory stronger in schizophrenia.

Serum Vitamin D and Cingulate Cortex Thickness in Older Adults: Quantitative MRI of the Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzague Foucault ◽  
Guillaume T Duval ◽  
Romain Simon ◽  
Olivier Beauchet ◽  
Mickael Dinomais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with brain changes, and cognitive and mobility declines in older adults. Method: Two hundred and fifteen Caucasian older community-dwellers (mean±SD, 72.1±5.5years; 40% female) received a blood test and brain MRI. The thickness of perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, midcingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex was measured using FreeSurfer from T1-weighted MR images. Age, gender, education, BMI, mean arterial pressure, comorbidities, use of vitamin D supplements or anti-vascular drugs, MMSE, GDS, IADL, serum calcium and vitamin B9 concentrations, creatinine clearance were used as covariables. Results: Participants with vitamin D insufficiency (n=80) had thinner total cingulate thickness than the others (24.6±1.9mm versus 25.3±1.4mm, P=0.001); a significant difference found for all 3 regions. Vitamin D insufficiency was cross-sectionally associated with a decreased total cingulate thickness (β=- 0.49, P=0.028). Serum 25OHD concentration correlated positively with the thickness of perigenual anterior (P=0.011), midcingulate (P=0.013) and posterior cingulate cortex (P=0.021). Conclusion: Vitamin D insufficiency was associated with thinner cingulate cortex in the studied sample of older adults. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiology of cognitive and mobility declines in older adults with vitamin D insufficiency.

scholarly journals Long-term Chinese calligraphic handwriting reshapes the posterior cingulate cortex: A VBM study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0214917
Author(s):  
Wen Chen ◽  
Chuansheng Chen ◽  
Pin Yang ◽  
Suyu Bi ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate

scholarly journals HIV Distal Neuropathic Pain Is Associated with Smaller Ventral Posterior Cingulate Cortex

Pain Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. pnw180 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Keltner ◽  
Colm G. Connolly ◽  
Florin Vaida ◽  
Mark Jenkinson ◽  
Christine Fennema-Notestine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate

scholarly journals Correlation between Traits of Emotion-Based Impulsivity and Intrinsic Default-Mode Network Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizheng Zhao ◽  
Dardo Tomasi ◽  
Corinde E. Wiers ◽  
Ehsan Shokri-Kojori ◽  
Şükrü B. Demiral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Negative urgency (NU) and positive urgency (PU) are implicated in several high-risk behaviors, such as eating disorders, substance use disorders, and nonsuicidal self-injury behavior. The current study aimed to explore the possible link between trait of urgency and brain activity at rest. We assessed the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal in 85 healthy volunteers. Trait urgency measures were related to ALFF in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventral and dorsal medial frontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. In addition, trait urgency measures showed significant correlations with the functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus seed with the thalamus and midbrain region. These findings suggest an association between intrinsic brain activity and impulsive behaviors in healthy humans.

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