scholarly journals β-Lactolin Reduces Age-Related Inflammation and Cognitive Decline

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhisa Ano ◽  
Rena Ohya ◽  
Akihiko Takashima ◽  
Kazuyuki Uchida ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
Young Mice

With the rapid increase in aging populations worldwide, there has been an increase in demand for preventive and therapeutic measures for age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Epidemiological studies show that consumption of dairy products reduces the risk for cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly. We have previously demonstrated in randomized trials that the consumption of β-lactolin, a whey-derived Gly-Thr-Trp-Tyr lactotetrapeptide, improves cognitive function in older adults. Orally administered β-lactolin is delivered to the brain and inhibits monoamine oxidase, resulting in alleviation of memory impairment. However, there is currently no evidence of the effects of long-term β-lactolin intake on aging. Here, we found that the discrimination index in the novel object recognition test for object recognition memory was reduced in mice aged 20 months compared with that in young mice, indicating that age-related cognitive decline was induced in the aged mice; in aged mice fed β-lactolin for 3 months, memory impairment was subsequently alleviated. In aged mice, impairment of light/dark activity cycles was found to be induced, which was subsequently alleviated by β-lactolin consumption. Additionally, the number of activated microglia in the hippocampus and cortex and the production of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1) were increased in aged mice compared with those in young mice but were reduced in aged mice fed β-lactolin. The age-related hippocampal atrophy was improved in aged mice fed β-lactolin. Cytochrome c levels in the hippocampus and cortex were increased in aged mice compared with those in young mice but were also reduced by β-lactolin consumption. These results suggest that β-lactolin consumption prevents neural inflammation and alleviates aging-related cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Zpráva o grantovém projektu Emoční kreativita a kognitivní deficity u seniorů

E-psychologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-95
Author(s):  
Radek Trnka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Psychosocial Studies ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Relationship

This report summarizes the main outputs of the finished grant project „Emotional creativity and cognitive decline in the elderly“ (GA ČR 18–26094S), conducted at the Prague College of Psychosocial Studies between the years 2018 and 2020. The main goal of this project was to explore the relationship between emotional creativity, defined as a set of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to the originality of emotional experience, and age-related cognitive impairments in older adults. The results of this project showed that age and age-related cognitive decline influence how people creatively think about their own, as well as other peoples’, emotions. This project produced empirical evidence showing that cognitive decline reduces not only creativity in problem solving, but also reduces the creativity that is closely related to the emotional life of older people. More importantly, the published preliminary study on patients in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease also indicates that emotional creativity could become another diagnostic tool for unveiling the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly.

The Significance of Age-Related Androgen Depletion in Cognitive Impairment: A Review

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
Melanie S. Burkhardt ◽  
Jonathan K. Foster ◽  
Ralph N. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
Androgen Depletion ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Considerable Support

AbstractThe potential role of supplementing sex steroids for the prevention and delay of age-related cognitive decline has received a great deal of recent interest. Although the biological plausibility of hormone treatment has received considerable support, clinical studies of cognitive functioning after hormonal treatment in postmenopausal women with and without dementia have produced mixed results. Much less attention has been given to the corresponding role of androgens in men. In order to establish the relevance of hormonal supplementation for men in delaying or preventing cognitive decline, it is of importance to evaluate both adrenal and gonadal contributions to androgen status. Additionally, consideration must also be given to the potential interactions of androgens with risk and protective factors (e.g., apolipoprotein E genotype and education). Here we review experimental and epidemiological studies of the significance of androgens for cognitive function.

scholarly journals New Methods, Old Brains—A Systematic Review on the Effects of tDCS on the Cognition of Elderly People

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Siegert ◽  
Lukas Diedrich ◽  
Andrea Antal
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

The world's population is aging. With this comes an increase in the prevalence of age-associated diseases, which amplifies the need for novel treatments to counteract cognitive decline in the elderly. One of the recently discussed non-pharmacological approaches is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). TDCS delivers weak electric currents to the brain, thereby modulating cortical excitability and activity. Recent evidence suggests that tDCS, mainly with anodal currents, can be a powerful means to non-invasively enhance cognitive functions in elderly people with age-related cognitive decline. Here, we screened a recently developed tDCS database (http://tdcsdatabase.com) that is an open access source of published tDCS papers and reviewed 16 studies that applied tDCS to healthy older subjects or patients suffering from Alzheimer's Disease or pre-stages. Evaluating potential changes in cognitive abilities we focus on declarative and working memory. Aiming for more standardized protocols, repeated tDCS applications (2 mA, 30 min) over the left dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC) of elderly people seem to be one of the most efficient non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) approaches to slow progressive cognitive deterioration. However, inter-subject variability and brain state differences in health and disease restrict the possibility to generalize stimulation methodology and increase the necessity of personalized protocol adjustment by means of improved neuroimaging techniques and electrical field modeling.

scholarly journals Novel image–novel location object recognition task sensitive to age-related cognitive decline in nondemented elderly

AGE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolen E. Haley ◽  
Frederique Berteau-Pavy ◽  
Daphnee Berteau-Pavy ◽  
Jacob Raber
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Object Recognition Task ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

scholarly journals Ageing and apoE change DHA homeostasis: relevance to age-related cognitive decline

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Hennebelle ◽  
Mélanie Plourde ◽  
Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins ◽  
Christian-Alexandre Castellano ◽  
Pascale Barberger-Gateau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Relationship

Epidemiological studies fairly convincingly suggest that higher intakes of fatty fish and n-3 fatty acids are associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). DHA in plasma is normally positively associated with DHA intake. However, despite being associated with lower fish and DHA intake, unexpectedly, plasma (or brain) DHA is frequently not lower in AD. This review will highlight some metabolic and physiological factors such as ageing and apoE polymorphism that influence DHA homeostasis. Compared with young adults, blood DHA is often slightly but significantly higher in older adults without any age-related cognitive decline. Higher plasma DHA in older adults could be a sign that their fish or DHA intake is higher. However, our supplementation and carbon-13 tracer studies also show that DHA metabolism, e.g. transit through the plasma, apparent retroconversion and β-oxidation, is altered in healthy older compared with healthy young adults. ApoE4 increases the risk of AD, possibly in part because it too changes DHA homeostasis. Therefore, independent of differences in fish intake, changing DHA homeostasis may tend to obscure the relationship between DHA intake and plasma DHA which, in turn, may contribute to making older adults more susceptible to cognitive decline despite older adults having similar or sometimes higher plasma DHA than in younger adults. In conclusion, recent development of new tools such as isotopically labelled DHA to study DHA metabolism in human subjects highlights some promising avenues to evaluate how and why DHA metabolism changes during ageing and AD.

scholarly journals NREM consolidation and increased spindle counts improve age-related memory impairments and hippocampal representations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin K. Yuan ◽  
Matthew R. Lopez ◽  
Manuel-Miguel Ramos-Alavarez ◽  
Marc E. Normandin ◽  
Arthur S. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Young Mice

SummaryAge-related changes in sleep patterns have been linked to cognitive decline. Specifically, increasing age is associated with increasing fragmentation of sleep and wake cycles. However, it remains unknown if improvements in sleep architecture can ameliorate cellular and cognitive deficits. We evaluated how changes in sleep architecture following sleep restriction affected hippocampal representations and memory in young and old mice. After training in a hippocampus- dependent object/place recognition task, control animals were allowed to sleep ad libitum, while experimental animals underwent 5 hours of sleep restriction (SR). Interestingly, old SR mice exhibited successful object/place learning comparable to young control mice, whereas young SR and old control mice did not. Successful learning correlated with the presence of two hippocampal cell types: 1) “Context” cells, which remained stable throughout training and testing, and 2) “Object” cells, which shifted their preferred firing location when objects were introduced to the context and moved during testing. As expected, EEG analysis revealed more fragmented sleep and fewer spindles in old controls than young controls during the post-training sleep period. However, following the acute SR session, old animals exhibited increased consolidation of NREM and increased spindle count, while young mice only displayed changes in REM bout length. These results indicate that consolidation of NREM sleep and increases in spindle count serve to ameliorate age-related memory deficits and allow hippocampal representations to adapt to changing environments.eTORC BlurbAge-related cognitive decline is associated with poor sleep quality. This study shows that acute sleep restriction serves to improve memory, hippocampal representations, and sleep quality in old mice, having the opposite effect in young animals. These findings indicate that improving sleep quality may mitigate age-related cognitive decline.HighlightsAcute sleep restriction improves memory in old mice, but adversely affects young onesAcute sleep restriction makes hippocampal representations more flexible in old miceAcute sleep restriction improves sleep quality and increases spindle count in old miceAcute sleep restriction decreases hippocampal flexibility in young mice

scholarly journals Influence of Imidazole-Dipeptides on Cognitive Status and Preservation in Elders: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Masuoka ◽  
Chenxu Lei ◽  
Haowei Li ◽  
Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

The worldwide increase in the number of patients with dementia is becoming a growing problem, while Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a primary neurodegenerative disorder, accounts for more than 70% of all dementia cases. Research on the prevention or reduction of AD occurrence through food ingredients has been widely conducted. In particular, histidine-containing dipeptides, also known as imidazole dipeptides derived from meat, have received much attention. Imidazole dipeptides are abundant in meats such as poultry, fish, and pork. As evidenced by data from recent human intervention trials conducted worldwide, daily supplementation of carnosine and anserine, which are both imidazole dipeptides, can improve memory loss in the elderly and reduce the risk of developing AD. This article also summarizes the latest researches on the biochemical properties of imidazole dipeptides and their effects on animal models associated with age-related cognitive decline. In this review, we focus on the results of human intervention studies using supplements of poultry-derived imidazole dipeptides, including anserine and carnosine, affecting the preservation of cognitive function in the elderly, and discuss how imidazole dipeptides act in the brain to prevent age-related cognitive decline and the onset of dementia.

scholarly journals Neurofeedback Training Based on Motor Imagery Strategies Increases EEG Complexity in Elderly Population

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1574
Author(s):  
Diego Marcos-Martínez ◽  
Víctor Martínez-Cagigal ◽  
Eduardo Santamaría-Vázquez ◽  
Sergio Pérez-Velasco ◽  
Roberto Hornero
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Multiscale Entropy ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Neurofeedback training (NFT) has shown promising results in recent years as a tool to address the effects of age-related cognitive decline in the elderly. Since previous studies have linked reduced complexity of electroencephalography (EEG) signal to the process of cognitive decline, we propose the use of non-linear methods to characterise changes in EEG complexity induced by NFT. In this study, we analyse the pre- and post-training EEG from 11 elderly subjects who performed an NFT based on motor imagery (MI–NFT). Spectral changes were studied using relative power (RP) from classical frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta), whilst multiscale entropy (MSE) was applied to assess EEG-induced complexity changes. Furthermore, we analysed the subject’s scores from Luria tests performed before and after MI–NFT. We found that MI–NFT induced a power shift towards rapid frequencies, as well as an increase of EEG complexity in all channels, except for C3. These improvements were most evident in frontal channels. Moreover, results from cognitive tests showed significant enhancement in intellectual and memory functions. Therefore, our findings suggest the usefulness of MI–NFT to improve cognitive functions in the elderly and encourage future studies to use MSE as a metric to characterise EEG changes induced by MI–NFT.

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