scholarly journals MR-Guided Radiotherapy: The Perfect Partner for Immunotherapy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Hörner-Rieber ◽  
Sebastian Klüter ◽  
Jürgen Debus ◽  
Gosse Adema ◽  
Marleen Ansems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Response Prediction ◽  
Dose Fractionation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Conventional Radiotherapy ◽  
T Cell Infiltration ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Radiosensitive Organs ◽  
Radiation Dose Fractionation ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

During the last years, preclinical and clinical studies have emerged supporting the rationale to integrate radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Radiotherapy may enhance the effects of immunotherapy by improving tumor antigen release, antigen presentation, and T-cell infiltration. Recently, magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) has become clinically available. Compared to conventional radiotherapy techniques, MRgRT firstly allows for daily on-table treatment adaptation, which enables both dose escalation for increasing tumor response and superior sparing of radiosensitive organs-at-risk for reducing toxicity. The current review focuses on the potential of combining MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy with immunotherapy by providing an overview on the current status of MRgRT, latest developments in preclinical and clinical radio-immunotherapy, and the unique opportunities and challenges for MR-guided radio-immunotherapy. MRgRT might especially assist in answering open questions in radio-immunotherapy regarding optimal radiation dose, fractionation, timing of immunotherapy, appropriate irradiation volumes, and response prediction.

scholarly journals Management of recurrent or progressive spinal metastases: reirradiation techniques and surgical principles

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i45-i53
Author(s):  
Rupesh Kotecha ◽  
Nicolas Dea ◽  
Jay S Detsky ◽  
Arjun Sahgal
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Spinal Metastases ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Rehabilitation Medicine ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Mechanical Instability ◽  
Conventional Radiotherapy ◽  
Treated Site

Abstract With the growing incidence of new cases and the increasing prevalence of patients living longer with spine metastasis, a methodological approach to the management of patients with recurrent or progressive disease is increasing in relevance and importance in clinical practice. As a result, disease management has evolved in these patients using advanced surgical and radiotherapy technologies. Five key goals in the management of patients with spine metastases include providing pain relief, controlling metastatic disease at the treated site, improving neurologic deficits, maintaining or improving functional status, and minimizing further mechanical instability. The focus of this review is on advanced reirradiation techniques, given that the majority of patients will be treated with upfront conventional radiotherapy and further treatment on progression is often limited by the cumulative tolerance of nearby organs at risk. This review will also discuss novel surgical approaches such as separation surgery, minimally invasive percutaneous instrumentation, and laser interstitial thermal therapy, which is increasingly being coupled with spine reirradiation to maximize outcomes in this patient population. Lastly, given the complexities of managing recurrent spinal disease, this review emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary care from neurosurgery, radiation oncology, medical oncology, neuro-oncology, rehabilitation medicine, and palliative care.

43: Predictors of Toxicity in a Randomized Study of Hypofractionated Versus Conventional Radiotherapy for Glioblastoma: Dosimetric Analysis of Organs at Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. S21
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Deepak Dinakaran ◽  
Amr A. Heikal ◽  
Sunita Ghosh ◽  
Shima Yaghoobpour Tari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Conventional Radiotherapy ◽  
Dosimetric Analysis

scholarly journals The Nature of Unconscious Attention to Subliminal Cues

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad ◽  
Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Attentional Selection ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Selection History ◽  
Spatial Cuing ◽  
Attentional System ◽  
The Individual

Attentional selection in humans is mostly determined by what is important to them or by the saliency of the objects around them. How our visual and attentional system manage these various sources of attentional capture is one of the most intensely debated issues in cognitive psychology. Along with the traditional dichotomy of goal-driven and stimulus-driven theories, newer frameworks such as reward learning and selection history have been proposed as well to understand how a stimulus captures attention. However, surprisingly little is known about the different forms of attentional control by information that is not consciously accessible to us. In this article, we will review several studies that have examined attentional capture by subliminal cues. We will specifically focus on spatial cuing studies that have shown through response times and eye movements that subliminal cues can affect attentional selection. A majority of these studies have argued that attentional capture by subliminal cues is entirely automatic and stimulus-driven. We will evaluate their claims of automaticity and contrast them with a few other studies that have suggested that orienting to unconscious cues proceeds in a manner that is contingent with the top-down goals of the individual. Resolving this debate has consequences for understanding the depths and the limits of unconscious processing. It has implications for general theories of attentional selection as well. In this review, we aim to provide the current status of research in this domain and point out open questions and future directions.

scholarly journals Grand, A Giant Radio Array For Neutrino Detection: Objectives, Design And Current Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Matias Tueros
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Neutrino Detection ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Radio Transients ◽  
Construction Plans ◽  
Do So

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) aims to answer one of the most pressing open questions in astrophysics: what is the origin of ultra-highenergy cosmic rays (UHECRs)?. It will do so indirectly: UHECRs make secondary UHE neutrinos which encode information about the properties of UHECRs and their sources. GRAND is designed to discover UHE neutrinos even under pessimistic predictions of their flux, reaching a sensitivity of 6x10−9GeV.cm−2.s−1.sr−1 around 109GeV. It will do so by using 20 sub-arrays of 10 000 radio antennas forming a total detector area of 200 000 km2, making it the largest air-shower detector ever built. With this sensitivity, GRAND will discover cosmogenic neutrinos in 3 years of operation, even in disfavorable scenarios. Because of its subdegree angular resolution, GRAND will also search for point sources of UHE neutrinos, both steady and transient. Moreover, GRAND will be a valuable instrument for astronomy and cosmology, allowing for the discovery and followup of large numbers of radio transients - fast radio bursts, giant radio pulses - and studies of the epoch of reionization. In this contribution we will present briefly some of the science goals, detection strategy, construction plans and current status of the GRAND project.

scholarly journals The Use of Ultrasound Imaging in the External Beam Radiotherapy Workflow of Prostate Cancer Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia M. Camps ◽  
Davide Fontanarosa ◽  
Peter H. N. de With ◽  
Frank Verhaegen ◽  
Ben G. L. Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Image Guided Radiotherapy

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is one of the curative treatment options for prostate cancer patients. The aim of this treatment option is to irradiate tumor tissue, while sparing normal tissue as much as possible. Frequent imaging during the course of the treatment (image guided radiotherapy) allows for determination of the location and shape of the prostate (target) and of the organs at risk. This information is used to increase accuracy in radiation dose delivery resulting in better tumor control and lower toxicity. Ultrasound imaging is harmless for the patient, it is cost-effective, and it allows for real-time volumetric organ tracking. For these reasons, it is an ideal technique for image guidance during EBRT workflows. Review papers have been published in which the use of ultrasound imaging in EBRT workflows for different cancer sites (prostate, breast, etc.) was extensively covered. This new review paper aims at providing the readers with an update on the current status for prostate cancer ultrasound guided EBRT treatments.

scholarly journals Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Cardiology: Current Status and Future Perspectives

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Monwarul Islam ◽  
AAS Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave ◽  
Shockwave Therapy ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Robust Evidence

Management of end-stage coronary artery disease is often hopeless because of lack of evidence-based, uniformly effective, safe, and inexpensive treatment options. Gene- or stem-cell-based therapies are not yet ready for routine clinical use, and heart transplantation is seriously limited by the scarcity of organs. In this regard, extracorporeal shockwave therapy is emerging as a noninvasive means to treat refractory angina and heart failure. Shockwaves are a form of acoustic wave having very high amplitude, abrupt peaking and very short duration, capable of inducing neovascularization. A number of preclinical and clinical studies are in favour of its efficacy and safety. However, more robust evidence is needed before routine application is recommended. Larger, randomized, placebocontrolled trials will hopefully define its status in the armamentarium of mankind in the battle against the deadly disease in future. Keywords: Shockwave; angiogenesis; angina. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v4i1.9395 Cardiovasc. J. 2011; 4(1): 80-87

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