scholarly journals Differences in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Lower Saxony (Germany) and Groningen Province (Netherlands): Potential Impact of Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanny Kappen ◽  
Geertruida H. de Bock ◽  
Eunice Sirri ◽  
Claudia Vohmann ◽  
Joachim Kieschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent cancer among men in Europe. Differences in PCa incidence around the world can be partly explained by variations in recommendations for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), particularly for early detection. For example, the PSA testing policy is more conservative in the Netherlands than in Germany. To better understand the relationship between PSA testing recommendations and PCa incidence, stage distribution, and mortality, we compared these variables over time between Lower Saxony in northwestern Germany and the neighboring province of Groningen in the Netherlands.MethodsPopulation data, tumor stage- and age group-specific PCa incidence (ICD-10 C61) and mortality rates for Lower Saxony and Groningen were obtained from the Lower Saxony Epidemiological Cancer Registry, the Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, and Statistics Netherlands for 2003–2012. Incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 person-years were age-standardized (ASR, old European standard). Trends in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and mortality rates (ASMR) for specific age groups were assessed using joinpoint regression.ResultsThe mean annual PCa ASIR between 2003 and 2012 was on average 19.9% higher in Lower Saxony than in Groningen (120.5 vs. 100.5 per 100,000), while the mean annual ASMR was on average 24.3% lower in Lower Saxony than in Groningen (21.5 vs. 28.4 per 100,000). Between 2003 and 2012, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in PCa incidence rates did not change significantly in either Lower Saxony (−1.8%, 95% CI −3.5, 0.0) or Groningen (0.2%, 95% CI −5.0, 5.7). In contrast, the AAPC in mortality rate decreased significantly during the same time period in Lower Saxony (−2.5%, 95% CI −3.0, −2.0) but not in Groningen (0.1%, 95% CI −2.4, 2.6).ConclusionsHigher PCa incidence and lower PCa-related mortality was detected in Lower Saxony than in Groningen. Although recommendations on PSA testing may play a role, the assessed data could not offer obvious explanations to the observed differences. Therefore, further investigations including data on the actual use of PSA testing, other influences (e.g., dietary and ethnic factors), and better data quality are needed to explain differences between the regions.

Trends in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing and prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Australia: A critical analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 102093
Author(s):  
Thanya Pathirana ◽  
Rehan Sequeira ◽  
Chris Del Mar ◽  
James A. Dickinson ◽  
Bruce K. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

scholarly journals Trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality to monitor control policies in a northeastern Brazilian state

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249009
Author(s):  
Carlos Anselmo Lima ◽  
Brenda Evelin Barreto da Silva ◽  
Evânia Curvelo Hora ◽  
Marcela Sampaio Lima ◽  
Erika de Abreu Costa Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Over Time

Prostate cancer differently affects different regions of the world, displaying higher rates in more developed areas. After the implementation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, several studies described rising rates globally, but it is possible that indolent lesions are being detected given the lack of changes in mortality data. The Brazilian government recommends against PSA screening in the male population regardless of age, but the Urology Society issued a report recommending that screening should start at 50 years old for certain men and for those aged ≥75 years with a life expectancy exceeding 10 years. In this study, we examined the incidence and mortality rates of invasive prostate cancer over time in the Sergipe state of Brazil. The databases of the Aracaju Cancer Registry and Mortality Information System were used to calculate age-standardized rates for all prostate tumors (International Classification of Diseases 10th edition: C61 and D07.5) in the following age ranges: 20–44, 45–54, and ≥65 years. We identified 3595 cases of cancer, 30 glandular intraepithelial high-grade lesions, and 3269 deaths. Using the Joinpoint Regression Program, we found that the incidence of prostate cancer dramatically increased over time until the mid-2000s for all age groups, after which the rates declined. Prostate cancer mortality rates increased until 2005, followed by a non-significant annual percent change of 22.0 in 2001–2005 and a stable rate thereafter. We noticed that the increases and decreases of the incidence rates of prostate cancer were associated with the screening recommendations. Meanwhile, the increased mortality rates did not appear to be associated with decreased PSA testing; instead, they were linked to the effects of age and improvements in identification of the cause of death. Thus, we do not believe a PSA screening program would benefit the population of this study.

scholarly journals Global Trends and Prostate Cancer: A Review of Incidence, Detection, and Mortality as Influenced by Race, Ethnicity, and Geographic Location

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1807-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Evelyn Taitt
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Although research has reported that prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality rates are among the highest for African Americans, the data is inconclusive regarding PCa rates in native African men, Black men residing in other countries, and men in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Data reveals that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and disease incidence have risen significantly in developing and Asian countries, and PCa has become one of the leading male cancers in many of those nations. The objective of this study was to review published peer-reviewed studies that address PCa in different regions of the world to get a better understanding of how PCa incidence, prevalence, detection, and mortality are influenced by race, ethnicity, and geography. A secondary goal was to compare PCa data from various world regions to contextualize how disproportionate the incidence and mortality rates are among men from the African diaspora versus men of European, Hispanic, and Asian descent, as well as to highlight the need for more robust screening and treatment guidelines in developing countries. There are differences in incidence and mortality rates between men of African, Asian, Hispanic, and European ancestry, confirming the involvement of genetic factors. However, differences between men of the same race and ethnicity who live in different countries suggest that environmental factors may also be implicated. Availability and access to diagnostic and health-care services as well as recommendations regarding PCa testing vary from country to country and contribute to the variability in incidence and mortality rates.

scholarly journals Prostate-Specific Antigen Density: A Measurement to Differentiate Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate from Prostate Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar Nath ◽  
Bhupen Barman ◽  
Pranjal Phukan ◽  
Stephen L. Sailo ◽  
Biswajit Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Determination of isolated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in asymptomatic individuals has not demonstrated sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be useful in the routine evaluation of prostate disease. To enhance the accuracy of serum PSA we have used a proportion of serum PSA and prostate volume, which we refer to as prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD). Prostate volume in this study was calculated using transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Materials and Methods A total of 106 patients with prostatic disease clinically confined to the prostate glands were evaluated. Results and Observation The mean PSAD for prostate cancer was 0.15 ± 0.01 while that for benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BPH) was 0.11 ± 0.02 (p < 0.05). Significant difference (p < 0.05) was noted in the prostate volume in these two groups with the mean prostate volume measured by TRUS in the BPH to be 53.85 ± 9.71 mL compared with 58.14 ± 7.48 mL in the carcinoma. PSA density of 0.13 ng/mL can be used as a cutoff for the individual in our set-up who should go for prostate biopsy with sensitivity and specificity of over 90%. Conclusion These results suggest that PSAD may be useful in distinguishing BPH and prostate cancer.

scholarly journals PSA screening for prostate cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 722-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus V. Sadi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Baseline Values

Summary Screening of prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a highly controversial issue. One part of the controversy is due to the confusion between population screening and early diagnosis, another derives from problems related to the quality of existing screening studies, the results of radical curative treatment for low grade tumors and the complications resulting from treatments that affect the patient’s quality of life. Our review aimed to critically analyze the current recommendations for PSA testing, based on new data provided by the re-evaluation of the ongoing studies and the updated USPSTF recommendation statement, and to propose a more rational and selective use of PSA compared with baseline values obtained at an approximate age of 40 to 50 years.

The role of prostate specific antigen measurement in the detection and management of prostate cancer.

2000 ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Nash ◽  
I Melezinek
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Psa Density ◽  
Psa Testing

The introduction of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing has revolutionised the early detection, management and follow-up of patients with prostate cancer and it is considered to be one of the best biomedical markers currently available in the field of oncology. Its use with annual digital rectal examination in prostate cancer screening programmes has led to a marked change in the distribution of stage at presentation towards earlier disease and led to a significant increase in the detection of potentially curable disease. In order to improve the specificity of PSA testing and thereby reduce the number of unnecessary prostatic biopsies, a number of refinements of PSA evaluation have been proposed. These include free to total PSA ratio, PSA density, PSA density, PSA density of the transition zone, PSA velocity and age-specific PSA reference ranges. The utility of these approaches is considered in this review. The role of PSA monitoring in the detection of recurrence following radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy is discussed, as well as its role in monitoring patients treated with endocrine therapy is discussed, as well as its role in monitoring patients treated with endocrine therapy in terms of correlating PSA response with outcome, in detecting disease progression and in guiding the use of subsequent therapies. Large continuing multicentre screening and outcome studies will provide important information enabling greater refinement of the use of this important diagnostic and monitoring tool in the future detection and management of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Ar galima remiantis objektyviais ikioperaciniais veiksniais prognozuoti ankstyvą biocheminį atkrytį po radikalios prostatektomijos?

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Daimantas Milonas ◽  
Dainius Burinskas ◽  
Stasys Auškalnis ◽  
Mindaugas Jievaltas
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Biochemical Recurrence ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Biochemical Failure ◽  
Surgical Margins ◽  
Antigen Concentration ◽  
The Mean

Daimantas Milonas, Dainius Burinskas, Stasys Auškalnis, Mindaugas JievaltasKauno medicinos universiteto Urologijos klinika,Eivenių g. 2, LT-50009 KaunasEl paštas: [email protected] Tikslas Nustatyti objektyvius veiksnius, kurie leistų prognozuoti ankstyvą biocheminį atkrytį po radikalios prostatektomijos. Ligoniai ir metodai Į tyrimą įtraukti 142 prostatos vėžiu sergantys ligoniai, kuriems buvo atliktos radikalios prostatektomijos. Ankstyvas biocheminis atkrytis konstatuotas, kai prostatos specifinio antigeno koncentracija, praėjus 3 mėn. po operacijos, buvo >0,2 ng/ml. Neoadjuvantinė terapija (hormonų ar spindulių) buvo pagrindinis atmetimo kriterijus. Vertinta prostatos specifinio antigeno koncentracija, vėžio diferenciacijos laipsnis iki ir po operacijos, vėžio stadija, prostatos chirurginio šalinimo išlaidos. Rezultatai Galutinei analizei panaudoti 94 ligonų duomenys. Vidutinis jų amžius buvo 66,6 metų, prostatos specifinis antigenas iki operacijos – 9,87 ng/ml, Gleason diferenciacijos laipsnis iki operacijos – 5,87, diferenciacijos laipsnis po operacijos – 6,38, teigiami rezekciniai kraštai rasti 36 (38%), ankstyvas biocheminis atkrytis – 13 (14%) pacientų. Atlikus logistinę regresijos analizę nustatyta, jog ankstyvą biocheminį atkrytį galima patikimai prognozuoti, kai Gleason pooperacinis vėžio diferenciacijos laipsnis didesnis nei 7 (p = 0,02, tikimybių santykis – 7,8) ir vėžio stadija T3b (p = 0,012, tikimybių santykis – 6,76). Išvados Remiantis ikioperaciniais objektyviais veiksniais negalima patikimai prognozuoti ankstyvo biocheminio atkryčio. Prostatos vėžio išplitimas į sėklines pūsleles (T3b stadija) ir Gleasono pooperacinis vėžio diferenciacijos laipsnis > 7 leidžia reikšmingai prognozuoti ankstyvą biocheminį atkryti, po radikalios prostatektomijos, tokiems ligoniams indikuojamas ankstyvas adjuvantinis gydymas, nelaukiant biocheminio atkryčio požymių. Reikšminiai žodžiai: prostatos vėžys, radikali prostatektomija, ankstyvas biocheminis atkrytis Can objective preoperative parameters predict early biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy? Daimantas Milonas, Dainius Burinskas, Stasys Auškalnis, Mindaugas JievaltasClinic of Urology, Kaunas University of Medicine,Eivenių str. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Objective To estimate objective parameters which can be useful for predicting early biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy due to prostate cancer. Patients and methods The study embraced 142 patients that underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy. Early biochemical failure was defined as a prostate-specific antigen level 3 months after radical prostatectomy > 0.2 ng/ml. Neoadjuvant treatment (hormonal therapy or radiation) was the mane exclusion criteria. Preoperative antigen concentration, Gleason score at the biopsy, patients’ age, postoperative Gleason score, stage and surgical margins were investigated as possible predictors of early biochemical recurrence. Results Final analysis was done using data on 94 patients. The mean patients’ age was 66.6 years and mean preoperative prostate specific antigen concentration 9.87 (range 0.44–98.4) ng/ml. The mean Gleason score preoperatively was 5.87 (range 2–8) and postoperatively 6.38 (range 4–9). Positive surgical margins were in 36 (38%) and early biochemical failure was detected in 13 (14%) cases. Logistic regression analysis shows that postoperative Gleason score >7 (p = 0.02, OR-7.8) and stage pT3b (p = 0.012, OR-6.76) are powerful parameters for predicting early biochemical recurrence. Conclusions Preoperative parameters cannot predict early biochemical recurrence. Postoperative parameters such as Gleason score >7 and stage pT3b are useful in the prediction of early biochemical recurrence. In such patients early adjuvant treatment is advisable. Keywords: prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy, early biochemical recurrence

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