scholarly journals Emerging Perspectives on Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and its Receptor in Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Christianson ◽  
Julia Thom Oxford ◽  
Cheryl L. Jorcyk
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis

Tumorigenesis and metastasis have deep connections to inflammation and inflammatory cytokines, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships are poorly understood. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) and its receptor (LIFR), part of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family, make up one such ill-defined piece of the puzzle connecting inflammation to cancer. Although other members of the IL-6 family have been shown to be involved in the metastasis of multiple types of cancer, the role of LIF and LIFR has been challenging to determine. Described by others in the past as enigmatic and paradoxical, LIF and LIFR are expressed in a diverse array of cells in the body, and the narrative surrounding them in cancer-related processes has been vague, and at times even contradictory. Despite this, recent insights into their functional roles in cancer have highlighted interesting patterns that may allude to a broader understanding of LIF and LIFR within tumor growth and metastasis. This review will discuss in depth the signaling pathways activated by LIF and LIFR specifically in the context of cancer–the purpose being to summarize recent literature concerning the downstream effects of LIF/LIFR signaling in a variety of cancer-related circumstances in an effort to begin teasing out the intricate web of contradictions that have made this pair so challenging to define.

Receptions of the Past: Commemoration, Racism, Desire

Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.

The role of the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor in embryo implantation and placentation

Placenta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Jumpei Terakawa ◽  
Kazuhiro Matsuo ◽  
Takafumi Namiki ◽  
Kana Ohtomo ◽  
Atsuko Kageyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor

The Political Economy of Easy Credit Policies

2016 ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Karim Azizi ◽  
Thibault Darcillon
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
The Political ◽  
Aggregate Consumption ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marginal Effects

During the past thirty years, U.S. economic growth has disproportionately benefited the richest percentiles of the American population, i.e., the top income earners. Although this phenomenon is difficult to explain from a “standard” political economy perspective (i.e., majority voting), recent literature emphasizes the role of consumer credit as a means of circumventing costly public redistribution. According to this theory, most OECD and, notably, American policymakers should have facilitated middleclass and low-income households’ access to consumer credit to cushion the effects of increased income inequality (i.e., an increased share of GDP held by top earners). Our contribution to this literature is to argue that increases in inequality (as measured by expansions in the share of GDP held by top income earners) should be associated with aggregate consumption increases. Indeed, in response to increased inequality, easy credit policies stimulate low-income and middle-class consumption, which contributes to an increased aggregate consumption level. Using a panel dataset of 20 developed OECD economies between 1980 and 2007, we show that such increases in inequality are actually associated with expansions of aggregate consumption. Finally, when computing marginal effects, we conclude that these expansions increase with the size of the financial sector.

272 LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY IN PIG PARTHENOGENETIC PLURIPOTENT CELLS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
T. A. L. Brevini ◽  
G. Pennarossa ◽  
S. Antonini ◽  
F. Gandolfi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Undifferentiated State ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), its receptor heterodimer (LRβ-gp130), and the related signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) constitute a system controlling self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESC) in the mouse, where LIF withdrawal or direct inhibition of STAT3 causes ESC differentiation. By contrast, several studies have demonstrated that LIF is not required to maintain human ESC pluripotency. Scattered information is available in other species, and data on the role of LIF in pig ESC are scanty. The aims of the present study were (a) to characterize the expression profile of gp130, LRβ, and STAT3 in pig parthenogenetic cell lines (ppC), previously derived in our laboratory and shown to be positive for the main pluripotency related markers; (b) to evaluate the role of LIF pathway in maintaining the pluripotency of these cells. To this purpose, ppC were cultured as previously described (Brevini et al. 2007 Theriogenology 68, 206–214) and screened by RT-PCR for the two LIF receptor subunits (LRβ and gp130) and STAT3. Pig granulosa cells were used as positive controls. To better investigate the possible role of LIF in maintenance of pluripotency in ppC, the formation of embryoid bodies (EB) was induced in the presence or in the absence of the cytokine. Undifferentiated cells were cultured in hanging drops either with or without LIF for 12 days. The EB formation and the expression of molecular markers specific for the three germ layers was evaluated at the end of the differentiation period. Molecular analysis allowed us to detect transcription of STAT3, whereas no signal for LRβ and gp130 was detected in ppC. These results seem to indicate that LIF does not play a role in the maintenance of pluripotency in the pig. However, after removal of LIF, ppC routinely formed EB that expressed molecular markers specific for the three germ layers. On the other hand, when LIF was added to the differentiation medium, pig cells were unable to form EB. They kept proliferating in an undifferentiated state, and no expression of molecular markers specific for the three germ layers was detected. Moreover, when re-plated on inactivated feeder-layers, they formed distinct colonies that maintained expression of pluripotency markers. Our results show that a role of LIF in pluripotency maintenance through a classical LRβ-gp130 and STAT3 activation pathway is unlikely. However, interaction with an alternative nonclassical activation signaling pathway cannot be ruled out. Indeed, the presence of the cytokine in the medium used for differentiation experiments actively inhibited EB formation, indicating a possible role in preventing differentiation in the porcine species. Further studies are needed to elucidate these aspects. Supported by: PRIN2005; PRIN2006; First 2006; First2007.

scholarly journals LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR IN RECURRENT PREGNANCY LOSS: IS THERE ANY ROLE OF LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION?

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. e195
Author(s):  
Vidhu Dhawan ◽  
Neena Malhotra ◽  
Neeta Singh ◽  
Vatsla Dadhwal ◽  
Rima Dada
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Inhibitory Factor

scholarly journals Leukemia Inhibitory Factor: Roles in Embryo Implantation and in Nonhormonal Contraception

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naguib Salleh ◽  
Nelli Giribabu
Keyword(s):  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Multiple Processes

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) plays an indispensible role in embryo implantation. Aberrant LIF production is linked to implantation failure. LIF regulates multiple processes prior to and during implantation such as uterine transformation into a receptive state, decidualization, blastocyst growth and development, embryo-endometrial interaction, trophoblast invasion, and immune modulation. Due to its critical role, LIF has been a target for a nonhormonal contraception. In this review, we summarize up-to-date information on the role of LIF in implantation and its role in contraception.

scholarly journals Muscular anatomy of the tail of the western grey kangaroo, Macropus fuliginosus

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah Dawson ◽  
Nick Milne ◽  
Natalie M. Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Western Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Low Speeds ◽  
Fifth Limb

The western grey kangaroo, Macropus fuliginosus, is a large-bodied kangaroo that engages in pentapedal locomotion at low speeds and bipedal hopping at high speeds. The tail is thought to have functional roles in both of these modes of locomotion. In pentapedal locomotion the tail acts as a ‘fifth limb’ to support the body weight together with the forelimbs while the hind limbs are drawn forward. The tail has also been suggested to have a role as a counterbalance during bipedal hopping. On the basis of these functional roles for the tail in locomotion, the caudal musculature of the western grey kangaroo was dissected and described in this study. The arrangement of the caudal musculature showed particular adaptations for the role of the tail in both pentapedal locomotion and bipedal hopping.

Tourism and protected areas: Comparing the 2003 and 2014 IUCN World Parks Congress

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Spenceley
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
International Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Official Records

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature World Parks Congress is held once a decade, and brings together thousands of the world’s experts on protected areas. In 2014, the Sydney World Parks Congress and the parallel event, Global Eco, provided a platform for 125 presentations relating to tourism and visitation. This paper presents a synthesis of the body of work shared at Sydney, including some of the cutting-edge issues, best practices, and inspiring initiatives relating to sustainable tourism. In particular, it compares issues that were highlighted at the 2003 World Parks Congress, and how they have evolved and progressed over the past decade. The paper highlights the role of different stakeholders from different corners of the world in promoting sustainable tourism practices. It also considers the relevance of tourism to the themes of the World Parks Congress, and how the sector is reflected within the official records of the 2003 and 2014 World Parks Congress. Looking forward to the next 10 years, the paper reflects on specific challenges, gaps in knowledge, and areas for further research and outreach.

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