scholarly journals New Insights Into c.815_824dup Pathogenic Variant of BRCA1 in Inherited Breast Cancer: A Founder Mutation of West African Origin

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Pascal Demba Diop ◽  
Andréa Régina Gnilane Sène ◽  
Yacouba Dia ◽  
Seydi Abdoul Ba ◽  
Serigne Saliou Mbacke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
West African ◽  
Pathogenic Variant ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Founder Mutations ◽  
Inherited Breast Cancer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Out Of Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Founder mutations have been reported in BRCA1 and BCRA2 in different ethnic groups with inherited breast cancer. Testing of targeted mutations in specific populations is important for cancer prevention in mutation carriers. In Sub-Saharan Africa, only a few studies have reported specific founder mutations in inherited breast cancer. The pathogenic variant c.815_824dup of BRCA1 has been reported as the most frequent among African American populations with inherited breast cancer and was supposed to have a West African origin. Recent report from Senegal identified this variant in women with inherited breast cancer at the highest frequency ever reported. The variant was linked to a common haplotype confirming its founder effect in West Africa. In this article, we review the mutation history of c.815_824dup and discuss how it spread out of Africa through the transatlantic slave trade.

“As on a Darkling Plain”: Practitioners, Publics, Propagandists, and Ancient Historiography

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. McCaskie
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Complex State ◽  
State And Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

I am a professor of the history of Africa. I have spent four decades researching and writing about the historic West African forest kingdom of Asante (or Ashanti, now in Ghana), the most richly documented and most complex state and society in all of sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years I have become intrigued by the ways in which African histories authored by academic practitioners have been subjected to an ever-rising tide of readings, and misreadings, by interested publics and partisan propagandists. This paper addresses the problematic but understudied interaction between practitioners, publics, and propagandists in the understanding of history today. However, it is not about Africa.

A note on the relative importance of slaves and gold in West African exports

1974 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bean
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
West African ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Specialists in the history of West Africa disagree about the relative importance of slaves and other commodities in African exports. Examination of the rough statistical evidence that is available indicates that slave exports earned less foreign exchange for Africa than did the single most important other export through four of the five centuries of contact between sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. There were large regional differences in the pattern of African exports, and it was the dominance of gold in total African export which helped make the Gold Coast the focus of European rivalries in West Africa.

Christianity in the Twentieth Century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Different Parts

This book charts the transformation of one of the world's great religions during an age marked by world wars, genocide, nationalism, decolonization, and powerful ideological currents, many of them hostile to Christianity. The book traces how Christianity evolved from a religion defined by the culture and politics of Europe to the expanding polycentric and multicultural faith it is today—one whose growing popular support is strongest in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, China, and other parts of Asia. The book sheds critical light on themes of central importance for understanding the global contours of modern Christianity, illustrating each one with contrasting case studies, usually taken from different parts of the world. Unlike other books on world Christianity, this one is not a regional survey or chronological narrative, nor does it focus on theology or ecclesiastical institutions. The book provides a history of Christianity as a popular faith experienced and lived by its adherents, telling a compelling and multifaceted story of Christendom's fortunes in Europe, North America, and across the rest of the globe. It demonstrates how Christianity has had less to fear from the onslaughts of secularism than from the readiness of Christians themselves to accommodate their faith to ideologies that privilege racial identity or radical individualism.

scholarly journals Breast cancer survival and survival gap apportionment in sub-Saharan Africa (ABC-DO): a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e1203-e1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie McCormack ◽  
Fiona McKenzie ◽  
Milena Foerster ◽  
Annelle Zietsman ◽  
Moses Galukande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Breast Cancer Survival ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Forced Labour in the “Gorgulho Years”: Understanding Reform and Repression in Rural São Tomé e Príncipe, 1945–1953

Itinerario ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Keese
Keyword(s):  
Economic Change ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Policies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Incomplete Images ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Sao Tome E Principe

The crossroads of nationalist historiographies in sub-Saharan Africa and of the history of developmentalist attempts that characterise the European late colonial states, have left us with very incomplete images of important trajectories. In the seemingly more “liberal” large colonial empires—notably the French and British—sails were set by 1945 towards a policy of investment and economic change. Some of the scholarly debates question whether this investment was genuine or just a last resort to avoid (rapid) decolonisation; others put the emphasis on inadequate routines of development implemented in these territories, many of which have apparently been continued since decolonisation.In this context, we encounter a clear lack of understanding about how decisions made by individual actors on the administrative level interacted with the larger panorama of social conditions in colonial territories, and of the consequences that these interactions had for the paths towards decolonisation. For a smaller empire such as the Belgian colony of Congo-Léopoldville, these processes are still more obscure; and for the colonies ruled by authoritarian metropoles, as in the cases of territories under Spanish and Portuguese rule, stagnation and absence of change are often taken for granted. In other words, these territories, which were under the rule of metropoles regarded as rather weak in economic terms, are treated as unrepresentative of the broader, European movement towards change in colonial policies. However, the conditions of change towards economic and social modernisation in this latter group of empires, even when inhibited by lack of funding and weak professionalisation of the administration, are frequently very telling for the broader range of challenges that the late colonial states faced.

Women in Gabon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire H. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Women ◽  
Female Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Tropical Woods ◽  
New Research ◽  
Export Revenue

Gabon, a small oil-rich country straddling the equator on the west coast of Africa, is the wealthiest of France’s former colonies. An early period of colonization in the 19th century resulted in disease, famine, and economic failure. The creation of French Equatorial Africa in 1910 marked the beginning of the sustained lucrative exploitation of Gabon’s natural resources. Gabon began off-shore oil production while still a colony of France. Uranium was also discovered in the last decade of the French Equatorial African empire. Coupled with rich reserves in tropical woods, Gabon has achieved, since independence in 1960, a higher level of export revenue per capita of population than any other country in sub-Saharan Africa in the postcolonial era. However, significant inequality has characterized access to wealth through paid employment throughout the recorded history of monetized labor. While fortunes have been amassed by a minute proportion of the female population of Gabon associated with the ruling regime, and a professional female middle-class has emerged, inequalities of opportunity and reward continue to mark women’s experience of life in this little-known country of West Central Africa. The key challenge facing scholars researching the history of women in Gabon remains the relative lack of historical resources. While significant strides have been made over the past decade, research on women’s history in Francophone Africa published in English or French remains embryonic. French research on African women began to make a mark in the last decade of colonization, notably with the work of Denise Paulme, but then remained a neglected area for decades. The publication in 1994 of Les Africaines by French historian Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch was hailed at the time as a pioneering work in French historiography. But even this new research contained no analysis of and only a passing reference to women in Gabon.

Comparing breast cancer characteristics across Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. S155 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Grover ◽  
M. Narasimhamurthy ◽  
R. Bhatia ◽  
C. Benn ◽  
K. Fearnhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Circulating tumor DNA is readily detectable among Ghanaian breast cancer patients supporting non-invasive cancer genomic studies in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Terkper Ahuno ◽  
Anna-Lisa Doebley ◽  
Thomas U. Ahearn ◽  
Joel Yarney ◽  
Nicholas Titiloye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Driver ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Tumor Dna

AbstractCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing studies could provide novel insights into the molecular pathology of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. In 15 patient plasma samples collected at the time of diagnosis as part of the Ghana Breast Health Study and unselected for tumor grade and subtype, ctDNA was detected in a majority of patients based on whole- genome sequencing at high (30×) and low (0.1×) depths. Breast cancer driver copy number alterations were observed in the majority of patients.

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