scholarly journals Contribution of Serological Rapid Diagnostic Tests to the Strategy of Contact Tracing in Households Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection Diagnosis in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorelei Charbonnier ◽  
Julie Rouprêt-Serzec ◽  
Marion Caseris ◽  
Marion Danse ◽  
Aurélie Cointe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Index Child ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Index Cases

Background: The contact tracing and isolation of contagious individuals are cornerstones in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies to identify household contacts who should be isolated around index children that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 remain to be clarified. We aimed to compare contact tracing strategies around an index child positive for SARS-CoV-2 using serological rapid diagnostic testing (RDT, chromatography immunoassay).Methods: We conducted a contact tracing study in households of index cases children in the Paris region, France, between May 8 and July 27, 2020. We compared two strategies, one using SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and one combining RT-PCR and serological RDT, initiated once RDT was available. The contacts RT-PCR–/RDT+ were considered to have been previously infected and not requiring quarantine. The primary outcome was the proportion of contacts that could avoid quarantine with the two screening strategies.Results: We included 34 children as index cases. Median age was 7 years. They generated 184 contacts (111 adults, 73 children) tested by RT-PCR: 24/184 (13%) were positive. The strategy combining RDT and RT-PCR was performed in 120/184 contacts (77 adults, 43 children) of 26 index children: 16/120 (13%) were RT-PCR+ and 47/120 (39%) were RDT+. Among the 16 individuals who were RT-PCR+, 14 (87%) were also RDT+. Among the 104 individuals who were RT-PCR–, 33 were RDT+. Hence 33/120 (27%) individuals were not isolated.Conclusions: Following the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, a strategy combining serological RDT and nasopharyngeal RT-PCR enabled us to identify around one fourth of contacts with past infection and avoid unnecessary quarantine of these individuals.

scholarly journals Utility of forensic detection of rabies virus in decomposed exhumed dog carcasses

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Markotter ◽  
Jessica Coertse ◽  
Kevin Le Roux ◽  
Joey Peens ◽  
Jacqueline Weyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Brain Material ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genomic Material

This report describes four suspected rabies cases in domestic dogs that were involved inhuman exposures. In all these cases, the animals were buried for substantial times beforerabies testing was performed. Animal rabies is endemic in South Africa and domestic dogsare the main vector for transmission to humans. Diagnosis of rabies in humans is complicated,and diagnosis in the animal vector can provide circumstantial evidence to support clinicaldiagnosis of rabies in humans. The gold standard diagnostic method, fluorescent antibodytest (FAT), only delivers reliable results when performed on fresh brain material and thereforedecomposed samples are rarely submitted for diagnostic testing. Severely decomposed brainmaterial was tested for the presence of rabies virus genomic material using a quantitativereal-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q-real-time RT-PCR) assaywhen conventional molecular methods were unsuccessful. This may be a useful tool in theinvestigation of cases where the opportunity to sample the suspected animals post mortem wasforfeited and which would not be possible with conventional testing methodologies becauseof the decomposition of the material.

scholarly journals Current Avenues for COVID-19 Serology

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 087-090
Author(s):  
Saumya Srivastava ◽  
Vidhi Jain ◽  
Vijaya Lakshmi Nag ◽  
Sanjeev Misra ◽  
Kuldeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractDevelopment of rapid, reliable, and easy diagnostic tests with high-throughput is the need of the hour for laboratories combating the COVID-19 pandemic. While real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for diagnosing active infections, it is expensive and time-consuming. Serological diagnostic assays with a premise to aid rapid contact tracing, immune status determination, and identification of potential convalescent plasma donors hold great promise. Timely diagnosis, effective treatment, and future prevention are key to management of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Retrospective observational RT-PCR analyses on 688 babies born to 843 SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers, placental analyses and diagnostic analyses limitations suggest vertical transmission is possible.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bahadur ◽  
M. Bhat ◽  
S. Acharya ◽  
D. Janga ◽  
B. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Placental Pathology ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serial Testing ◽  
Medical Termination ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results

Research question: Is there vertical transmission (from mother to baby antenatally or intrapartum) after SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infected pregnancy? Study design: A systematic search related to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), pregnancy, neonatal complications, viral and vertical transmission. The duration was from December 2019 to May 2020. Results: A total of 84 studies with 862 COVID positive women were included. Two studies had ongoing pregnancies while 82 studies included 705 babies, 1 miscarriage and 1 medical termination of pregnancy (MTOP). Most publications (50/84, 59.5%), reported small numbers (<5) of positive babies. From 75 studies, 18 babies were COVID-19 positive. The first reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic test was done in 449 babies and 2 losses, 2nd RT-PCR was done in 82 babies, IgM tests were done in 28 babies, and IgG tests were done in 28 babies. On the first RT-PCR, 47 studies reported time of testing while 28 studies did not. Positive results in the first RT-PCR were seen in 14 babies. Earliest tested at birth and the average time of the result was 22 hours. Three babies with negative first RT-PCR became positive on the second RT-PCR at day 6, day 7 and at 24 hours which continued to be positive at 1 week. Four studies with a total of 4 placental swabs were positive demonstrating SARS-CoV-2 localised in the placenta. In 2 studies, 10 tests for amniotic fluid were positive for SARS-CoV-2. These 2 babies were found to be positive on RT-PCR on serial testing. Conclusion: Diagnostic testing combined with incubation period and placental pathology indicate a strong likelihood that intrapartum vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) from mother to baby is possible.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 on the cardiovascular system, CV COVID registry: A structured summary of a study protocol

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255263
Author(s):  
Victor Arévalos ◽  
Luis Ortega-Paz ◽  
Diego Fernandez-Rodríguez ◽  
Víctor Alfonso Jiménez-Díaz ◽  
Jordi Bañeras Rius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Event ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Heart Failure Hospitalization ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background Patients presenting with the coronavirus-2019 disease (COVID-19) may have a high risk of cardiovascular adverse events, including death from cardiovascular causes. The long-term cardiovascular outcomes of these patients are entirely unknown. We aim to perform a registry of patients who have undergone a diagnostic nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 and to determine their long-term cardiovascular outcomes. Study and design This is a multicenter, observational, retrospective registry to be conducted at 17 centers in Spain and Italy (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT04359927). Consecutive patients older than 18 years, who underwent a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV2 in the participating institutions, will be included since March 2020, to August 2020. Patients will be classified into two groups, according to the results of the RT-PCR: COVID-19 positive or negative. The primary outcome will be cardiovascular mortality at 1 year. The secondary outcomes will be acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, pulmonary embolism, and serious cardiac arrhythmias, at 1 year. Outcomes will be compared between the two groups. Events will be adjudicated by an independent clinical event committee. Conclusion The results of this registry will contribute to a better understanding of the long-term cardiovascular implications of the COVID19.

scholarly journals Repurposing FIB-4 index as a predictor of mortality in patients with hematological malignancies and COVID-19

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257775
Author(s):  
Noorwati Sutandyo ◽  
Sri Agustini Kurniawati ◽  
Achmad Mulawarman Jayusman ◽  
Anisa Hana Syafiyah ◽  
Raymond Pranata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Posterior Probability ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background In this study, we aimed to investigate whether FIB-4 index is useful in predicting mortality in patients with concurrent hematological malignancies and COVID-19. We also aimed to determine the optimal cut-off point for the prediction. Methods This is a single-center retrospective cohort study conducted in Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Indonesia. Consecutive sampling of adults with hematological malignancies and COVID-19 was performed between May 2020 and January 2021. COVID-19 screening test using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal samples were performed prior to hospitalization for chemotherapy. FIB-4 index is derived from [age (years) × AST (IU/L)]/[platelet count (109/L) × √ALT (U/L)]. The primary outcome of this study is mortality, defined as clinically validated death/non-survivor during a 3-months (90 days) follow-up. Results There were a total of 70 patients with hematological malignancies and COVID-19 in this study. Median FIB-4 Index was higher in non-survivors (13.1 vs 1.02, p<0.001). FIB-4 index above 3.85 has a sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 84%, PLR of 5.27, and NLR of 0.32. The AUC was 0.849 95% CI 0.735–0.962, p<0.001. This cut-off point was associated with OR of 16.70 95% CI 4.07–66.67, p<0.001. In this study, a FIB-4 >3.85 confers to 80% posterior probability of mortality and FIB-4 <3.85 to 19% probability. FIB-4 >3.85 was associated with shorter time-to-mortality (HR 9.10 95% CI 2.99–27.65, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that FIB-4 >3.85 (HR 4.09 95% CI 1.32–12.70, p = 0.015) and CRP> 71.57 mg/L (HR 3.36 95% CI 1.08–10.50, p = 0.037) were independently associated with shorter time-to-mortality. Conclusion This study indicates that a FIB-4 index >3.85 was independent predictor of mortality in patients with hematological malignancies and COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Retour d’expérience sur Covisan : un dispositif médicosocial pour casser les chaînes de transmission de la Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pernet ◽  
H. de Bonnières ◽  
C. Breton ◽  
V. Hirsch ◽  
J.S. Molitor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Prise En Charge ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Dépistage Systématique

Covisan a été mis en place à partir du 14 avril 2020 au niveau de quatre sites pilotes de l’Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) pour casser les chaînes de transmission au SARS-CoV-2 selon un modèle original déjà éprouvé en Haïti pour éliminer le choléra dans les années 2010. Le dispositif consiste en un dépistage systématique des cas possibles de Covid-19, un accompagnement dans leur confinement et une prise en charge de leurs proches. Des équipes mobiles se sont déplacées au domicile des cas contacts afin d’évaluer les possibilités d’un isolement au domicile, de proposer des aides matérielles (courses, blanchisserie, hébergement externalisé) et de dépister leurs proches. Au 17 juin 2020, 6 376 patients ont été orientés vers Covisan, parmi lesquels 153 avaient une RT-PCR (reverse transciptase polymerase chain reaction) positive au SARSCoV-2. Covisan a permis un partenariat ville–hôpital innovant, en impliquant de multiples acteurs (personnels soignants, administratifs, logisticiens, métiers de service). Les autorités sanitaires se sont d’ailleurs inspirées de ce modèle pour lutter contre l’épidémie en mettant en place le contact tracing. Covisan, qui a appris en marchant, a également rencontré quelques difficultés, en particulier au niveau de la gestion des différents statuts des personnels ainsi qu’au niveau de la communication interne et externe.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests for COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2)

BioMedica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2S) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Sadaf Shafique ◽  
Farheen Aslam ◽  
Raheel Khan ◽  
Asma Shaukat
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Day By Day

<p>The knowledge regarding diagnostic testing for SARS COV-2 is still at hit-and-trial phases, all over the world. Evolving day by day through ongoing research and extensive trials, use for SARS-COV-2 infectionsReverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and IgM/ IgG serology by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) or Electro-Chemiluminescent Immunoassay remain the main stay of diagnosis. However, the time course for the PCR positivity and seroconversion seem to vary in children and adults both, which also includes a huge population of asymptomatic individuals who are potentially labelled negative hence posing a great threat to the surrounding community.</p>

Molecular epidemiology of norovirus in Edinburgh healthcare facilities, Scotland 2007–2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 2273-2281 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McALLISTER ◽  
A. HOLMES ◽  
L. GARCIA ◽  
F. CAMERON ◽  
K. CLOY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYNorovirus (NoV) is a leading cause of outbreaks of gastroenteritis worldwide, and a major burden for healthcare facilities. This study investigated the NoV genotypes responsible for outbreaks in Edinburgh healthcare facilities between June 2008 and July 2011, and studied their temporal distribution to enable a better understanding of the epidemiology of the outbreaks. A total of 287 samples positive for NoV genogroup II (GII) RNA by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) during routine diagnostic testing were investigated. Nested RT–PCR (nRT–PCR) and sequencing was used to genotype the NoV strains. Overall, a total of 69 NoV strains belonging to six different genoclusters (GII.1, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.13) were detected. The predominant genotype was GII.4 that included four variants, GII.4 2006a, GII.4 2006b, GII.4 2007 and GII.4 2010. Importantly, increases in NoV activity coincided with the emergence of new GII.4 strains, highlighting the need for an active surveillance system to allow the rapid identification of new strains.

1504: Molecular Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer Using Clusterin in Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Sabarinath B. Nair ◽  
Christodoulos Pipinikas ◽  
Roger Kirby ◽  
Nick Carter ◽  
Christiane Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Expression of Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein V in Human Megakaryocytes and Megakaryocytic Cell Lines: A Study Using a Novel Monoclonal Antibody against GPV

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 762-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Takafuta ◽  
Kingo Fujirmura ◽  
Hironori Kawano ◽  
Masaaki Noda ◽  
Tetsuro Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Megakaryocytic Cell

SummaryGlycoprotein V (GPV) is a platelet membrane protein with a molecular weight of 82 kD, and one of the leucine rich glycoproteins (LRG). By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), GPV cDNA was amplified from mRNA of platelets and megakaryocytic cell lines. However, since there are few reports indicating whether GPV protein is expressed in megakaryocytes as a lineage and maturation specific protein, we studied the GPV expression at the protein level by using a novel monoclonal antibody (1D9) recognizing GPV. Flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that GPV was detected on the surface and in the cytoplasm of only the megakaryocytes in bone marrow aspirates. In a megakaryocytic cell line UT-7, GPV antigen increased after treatment with phorbol-12-myri-state-13-acetate (PMA). These data indicate that only megakaryocytes specifically express the GPV protein among hematopoietic cells and that the expression of GPV increases with differentiation of the megakaryocyte as GPIb-IX complex.

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