scholarly journals Retrospective observational RT-PCR analyses on 688 babies born to 843 SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers, placental analyses and diagnostic analyses limitations suggest vertical transmission is possible.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bahadur ◽  
M. Bhat ◽  
S. Acharya ◽  
D. Janga ◽  
B. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Placental Pathology ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serial Testing ◽  
Medical Termination ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results

Research question: Is there vertical transmission (from mother to baby antenatally or intrapartum) after SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infected pregnancy? Study design: A systematic search related to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), pregnancy, neonatal complications, viral and vertical transmission. The duration was from December 2019 to May 2020. Results: A total of 84 studies with 862 COVID positive women were included. Two studies had ongoing pregnancies while 82 studies included 705 babies, 1 miscarriage and 1 medical termination of pregnancy (MTOP). Most publications (50/84, 59.5%), reported small numbers (<5) of positive babies. From 75 studies, 18 babies were COVID-19 positive. The first reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic test was done in 449 babies and 2 losses, 2nd RT-PCR was done in 82 babies, IgM tests were done in 28 babies, and IgG tests were done in 28 babies. On the first RT-PCR, 47 studies reported time of testing while 28 studies did not. Positive results in the first RT-PCR were seen in 14 babies. Earliest tested at birth and the average time of the result was 22 hours. Three babies with negative first RT-PCR became positive on the second RT-PCR at day 6, day 7 and at 24 hours which continued to be positive at 1 week. Four studies with a total of 4 placental swabs were positive demonstrating SARS-CoV-2 localised in the placenta. In 2 studies, 10 tests for amniotic fluid were positive for SARS-CoV-2. These 2 babies were found to be positive on RT-PCR on serial testing. Conclusion: Diagnostic testing combined with incubation period and placental pathology indicate a strong likelihood that intrapartum vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) from mother to baby is possible.

scholarly journals Utility of forensic detection of rabies virus in decomposed exhumed dog carcasses

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Markotter ◽  
Jessica Coertse ◽  
Kevin Le Roux ◽  
Joey Peens ◽  
Jacqueline Weyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Brain Material ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genomic Material

This report describes four suspected rabies cases in domestic dogs that were involved inhuman exposures. In all these cases, the animals were buried for substantial times beforerabies testing was performed. Animal rabies is endemic in South Africa and domestic dogsare the main vector for transmission to humans. Diagnosis of rabies in humans is complicated,and diagnosis in the animal vector can provide circumstantial evidence to support clinicaldiagnosis of rabies in humans. The gold standard diagnostic method, fluorescent antibodytest (FAT), only delivers reliable results when performed on fresh brain material and thereforedecomposed samples are rarely submitted for diagnostic testing. Severely decomposed brainmaterial was tested for the presence of rabies virus genomic material using a quantitativereal-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q-real-time RT-PCR) assaywhen conventional molecular methods were unsuccessful. This may be a useful tool in theinvestigation of cases where the opportunity to sample the suspected animals post mortem wasforfeited and which would not be possible with conventional testing methodologies becauseof the decomposition of the material.

scholarly journals Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infected pregnant mother to the neonate detected by cord blood real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso M. Rebello ◽  
Linus P. Fascina ◽  
Giuliana Annicchino ◽  
João R. R. Pinho ◽  
Renata de A. M. Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Clinical significance of molecular detection of carcinoma cells in lymph nodes and peripheral blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in patients with gastrointestinal or breast carcinomas.

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mori ◽  
K Mimori ◽  
H Ueo ◽  
K Tsuji ◽  
T Shiraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cea Mrna ◽  
Positive Results

PURPOSE This study evaluates the clinical significance of detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA in the dissected lymph nodes and peripheral blood samples of patients with gastrointestinal or breast carcinomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 406 lymph nodes obtained from 65 patients were analyzed by both histologic and molecular examination of CEA-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Peripheral blood samples from another 102 patients were also analyzed by CEA-specific RT-PCR. Patients were followed up prospectively for 24 +/- 12 months. RESULTS Of 406 lymph nodes, the positive detection rate increased from 20% by histologic examination to 60% by RT-PCR examination. The recurrence rate was 40% in 15 cases showing positive results in both examinations, 14% in 29 cases showing histologically negative but RT-PCR positive results, and none in 21 cases showing negative results in both examinations. The positive detection rate for CEA mRNA in peripheral blood samples increased with advancing stage of disease. With respect to 62 curatively operated cases, CEA mRNA was detected in 12 cases. Four of these 12 cases developed metastatic disease after surgery whereas none of 50 cases negative by RT-PCR developed metastasis. CONCLUSION It has been shown that RT-PCR is a powerful tool to detect CEA mRNA in the lymph nodes or the peripheral blood. This is potentially very useful to determine high-risk patients for metastasis. Serial analysis is warranted to assess the long-term significance of this method and its therapeutic and prognostic implications.

scholarly journals Sensitive and specific cytokeratin 18 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction that excludes amplification of processed pseudogenes from contaminating genomic DNA

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2244-2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tschentscher ◽  
Christoph Wagener ◽  
Michael Neumaier
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cytokeratin 18 ◽  
Processed Pseudogenes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Pcr Conditions

Abstract Processed pseudogenes of residual contaminating genomic DNA interfere with a sensitive detection of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) mRNA by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This may cause false-positive results when CK18 mRNA is used as a marker for ectopic tumor cells in specimens from cancer patients. To establish a sensitive CK18 RT-PCR by excluding the amplification of processed pseudogenes, the following strategy was chosen: (a) CK18 pseudogene sequences were cloned from genomic DNA by PCR; (b) cDNA-specific primers were designed on the basis of mismatches between pseudogenes and cDNA; (c) PCR conditions were adjusted to reach maximum sensitivity and specificity. Epithelial cells (1–10) could be detected in 1 mL of blood. Among the numerous CK18 genes homologous to the transcribed gene, at least two different processed pseudogenes exist that are highly homologous to each other and to the exons of the transcribed CK18 gene.

scholarly journals Clinical course, radiological findings and late outcome in preterm infant with suspected vertical transmission born to a mother with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Farhadi ◽  
Shahrokh Mehrpisheh ◽  
Vajiheh Ghaffari ◽  
Mohammadreza Haghshenas ◽  
Aghdas Ebadi
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from mother to newborn infant is doubtful, and very little is known about disease severity and neonatal outcome. Case presentation We present a preterm Iranian infant born to a Persian mother with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The mother underwent cesarean delivery, and amniotic fluid yielded a positive result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The newborn infant showed early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed on pharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR assay within 24 hours after birth, suggesting vertical transmission. Unfortunately, the mother died 14 days after delivery. We describe the clinical course and outcome of the infant up to 7 months of age. Conclusion COVID-19 infection in pregnant women may increase maternal morbidity, mortality and possibly vertical transmission in severe cases. However, it does not seem to progress to serious early or late neonatal complications.

Investigations on the prevalence of tortoise picorna-virus in captive tortoises in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (05) ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Funcke ◽  
Michael Lierz ◽  
Susanne Paries
Keyword(s):  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results

Summary Objective: Tortoise picornavirus (ToPV) has been speculated to play an important role in the frequently seen disease pattern of juvenile shell softening. This study aimed to determine ToPV prevalence among German tortoise collections. Material and methods: A total of 334 animals selected from 27 different collections were included. Seven species of four genera of the family Testudinidae (Testudo graeca, T. hermanni, T. marginata, T. horsfieldii, Centrochelys sulcata, Stigmochelys pardalis, Chelonoidis carbonarius) were sampled. The tortoises were clinically investigated and none of the adults showed any signs of shell softening. Seven hatchlings of a ToPV-positive T. graeca breeding pair showed retarded growth and a progressive shell weakness that resulted in death. Each animal was sampled by conjunctival, pharyngeal and cloacal swabs (990 swabs in total) and blood sampling (293 in total). All three swabs of one animal were pooled and tested by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for tortoise picornavirus RNA. Blood samples were investigated by virus neutralisation test (VNT) for specific anti ToPV antibodies. All titres equal to or higher than log2 = 2 were considered positive. Results: In total, 35 adult and 11 juvenile animals were tested positive for ToPV RNA. The serological investigation did detect specific antibodies against ToPV in 44 adult tortoises and one juvenile. In total, 76 animals were tested positive in either one of the investigations, 16 animals in both. The highest number of ToPV-positive animals was found for T. graeca, with a prevalence of 32 %. No specimens of C. carbonarius, C. sulcata, or S. pardalis were tested positive. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The results propose a predisposition in T. graeca, as well as a high prevalence of ToPV in T. graeca, whereas other species showed only single or no positive animals, but may function as virus carriers.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests for COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2)

BioMedica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2S) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Sadaf Shafique ◽  
Farheen Aslam ◽  
Raheel Khan ◽  
Asma Shaukat
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Day By Day

<p>The knowledge regarding diagnostic testing for SARS COV-2 is still at hit-and-trial phases, all over the world. Evolving day by day through ongoing research and extensive trials, use for SARS-COV-2 infectionsReverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and IgM/ IgG serology by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) or Electro-Chemiluminescent Immunoassay remain the main stay of diagnosis. However, the time course for the PCR positivity and seroconversion seem to vary in children and adults both, which also includes a huge population of asymptomatic individuals who are potentially labelled negative hence posing a great threat to the surrounding community.</p>

scholarly journals IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PREGNANCY AND ITS OUTCOME IN ZONAL MILITARY HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Binay Mitra ◽  
Dhananjay Borse ◽  
K J Singh ◽  
Aparna Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Foetal Outcome ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction :The corona virus disease 2019 [COVID-19] has rapidly spread worldwide and is now a global pandemic. It is matter of concern whether the COVID-19 affects the pregnancy and its outcome.In this study,investigation was done to determine the possibility of effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and its outcome. Materials and Methods : A total of 1014 pregnant women were included in the study, from 1st April to 30 Nov 2020 at a zonal military hospital.There were 148 women who tested COVID-19 RT-PCR [reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction] positive and remaining 866 were COVID-19 negative.Findings of antenatal complications and perinatal outcome were compared in both the groups. Results :The incidence of COVID-19 positive pregnant women was found to be 14.59 %.No increase in rate of antenatal complications was seen in COVID-19 positive patients.Cesarean delivery rate was more in the COVID-19 positive group (52%) as compared to COVID-19 negative group (38%),(p > 0.05). Low APGAR score (0-3) was observed in 1 (0.67%) neonate of COVID-19 positive mothers and in 9 (1.03%) neonates of COVID-19 negative mothers.Overall 148 neonates were tested for the possibility of vertical transmission, 145 neonates were negative in RT-PCR, while 3 were positive.Conclusion : There is no significant effect of COVID-19 infection on maternal and foetal outcome in pregnancy and possibility of vertical transmission of the COVID-19 infection can not be ruled out.

scholarly journals Investigation of revers-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction values of patients with COVID-19 findings in lung computed tomography results

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Ozüdogru Osman ◽  
Gunes Bolatli ◽  
Fatih Tas
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Bilateral Lung ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Positive Results

It turned out that the cause of pneumonia cases that occurred in China was due to SARS-CoV-2. The aim is to compare chest computer tomography and Revers-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction methods used in the diagnosis of COVID-19 disease with each other and to evaluate this disease with risk factors. The study was carried out on 66 patients. Epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, chest CT and RT-PCR results of the cases were examined. RT-PCR results of 1, 4, and 7 days were evaluated for each case with positive chest CT results. Thirty-seven of them were found to be positive on day 1, 5 of them were found to be positive on day 4, and 2 of them were found to be positive on day seven from 52 patients whose RT-PCR results were examined. In the remaining 8 cases, no positive findings were found. The most common findings are; cough (78.8%), fever (55.8%), and shortness of breath (28.8%). It was observed that 51.9% of the cases had chronic disease history and 50% of the patients using cigarettes had bilateral lung involvement in their CT results. Seven cases received intensive care support, 3 cases were intubated. Two of the intubated cases were exitus (3,8%). The positive results of RT-PCR were found to be negative in most of the cases which have positive chest CT; suggests that chest CT is more reliable in making a diagnosis.  Therefore, evaluating chest CT results with RT-PCR can be an appropriate alternative approach in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, in order to be fully diagnosed, the patient's history, chronic diseases, age, symptoms, imaging, blood, and test findings must all be considered as a whole.

scholarly journals Contribution of Serological Rapid Diagnostic Tests to the Strategy of Contact Tracing in Households Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection Diagnosis in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorelei Charbonnier ◽  
Julie Rouprêt-Serzec ◽  
Marion Caseris ◽  
Marion Danse ◽  
Aurélie Cointe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Index Child ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Index Cases

Background: The contact tracing and isolation of contagious individuals are cornerstones in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies to identify household contacts who should be isolated around index children that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 remain to be clarified. We aimed to compare contact tracing strategies around an index child positive for SARS-CoV-2 using serological rapid diagnostic testing (RDT, chromatography immunoassay).Methods: We conducted a contact tracing study in households of index cases children in the Paris region, France, between May 8 and July 27, 2020. We compared two strategies, one using SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and one combining RT-PCR and serological RDT, initiated once RDT was available. The contacts RT-PCR–/RDT+ were considered to have been previously infected and not requiring quarantine. The primary outcome was the proportion of contacts that could avoid quarantine with the two screening strategies.Results: We included 34 children as index cases. Median age was 7 years. They generated 184 contacts (111 adults, 73 children) tested by RT-PCR: 24/184 (13%) were positive. The strategy combining RDT and RT-PCR was performed in 120/184 contacts (77 adults, 43 children) of 26 index children: 16/120 (13%) were RT-PCR+ and 47/120 (39%) were RDT+. Among the 16 individuals who were RT-PCR+, 14 (87%) were also RDT+. Among the 104 individuals who were RT-PCR–, 33 were RDT+. Hence 33/120 (27%) individuals were not isolated.Conclusions: Following the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, a strategy combining serological RDT and nasopharyngeal RT-PCR enabled us to identify around one fourth of contacts with past infection and avoid unnecessary quarantine of these individuals.

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