Association Between Accumulation of Child Maltreatment and Salivary Oxytocin Level Among Japanese Adolescents

Background: Child maltreatment is related to oxytocin (OT), which is related to social functioning. It may hamper the OT level to avoid a harmful situation and increase the OT level to adapt to the situation using a tend-and-befriend stress reaction.Objective: This study aims to examine the association between the accumulation of moderate–severe childhood maltreatment and salivary OT levels in Japanese adolescents.Participants: We used convenience samples of adolescents living in an institution (n = 31) and those living with their parents (n = 46).Methods: Child maltreatment experiences were measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The salivary OT levels were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to see the association between the accumulation of child maltreatment types and the salivary OT levels adjusted for covariates (i.e., age, sex, and duration of institutionalization).Results: Physical abuse was associated with higher OT, while emotional neglect showed an inverse association with OT. OT was the lowest with one maltreatment type group, which was significantly lower than the non-maltreatment group. As the number of maltreatment types increased from one maltreatment type to 2–3 types and to 4–5 types, OT also increased. This U-shaped association between the number of maltreatment types and OT was confirmed with the significant result of a square term of number of maltreatment type in the model (p = 0.012).Conclusion: We found herein a U-shaped association between the accumulation of child maltreatment and salivary OT levels. Also, different types of maltreatment had varied effects on the salivary OT. Further study is needed to elucidate the non-linear association between child maltreatment and OT levels.

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Validation of the Japanese Version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-J)

10.21203/rs.2.23237/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rie Mizuki ◽

Takeo Fujiwara

Keyword(s):

Child Maltreatment ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Short Form ◽

Japanese Version ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Community Group ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽

Japanese Adolescents

Abstract Background In Japan, the number of child maltreatment reports has surged to almost ten folds during the last decade. Assessment tools which are concise and easy-to-use are called for, in order to facilitate the process of child maltreatment substantiation as well as to advance research on Japanese people. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) is accepted internationally as an instrument to assess and quantify experiences of childhood maltreatment and its impact. However, the Japanese version of CTQ-SF has not been validated. The present study examined validity of the Japanese version of the CTQ (CTQ-J). Methods The CTQ-J was administered to Japanese adolescents institutionalized due to child maltreatment and other family issues (institutionalized group, n=31) and adolescents who had no experience of institutionalization (community group, n=46) from the greater Tokyo area. Analysis of Variance was conducted to compare CTQ-J scores among the institutionalized group with documented maltreatment, the institutionalized group without documented maltreatment, and the community group, for the total score and five subscale scores. Then the discrimination of scores assessed by the CTQ-J were calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared with documented childhood maltreatment experiences from institutionalized adolescents. Results Internal consistency was ‘good’ to ‘acceptable’ for the CTQ-J in the categories of emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.74). In each maltreatment type, the institutionalized group with documented maltreatment experiences showed significantly higher CTQ-J scores than the community group. The area under the curve (AUC) showed higher discrimination for the total score of the CTQ-J (0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.90-0.99), and each type of child maltreatment (all AUC: 0.98-0.86). Conclusion This study has demonstrated that the CTQ-J may be used as a reliable tool for childhood maltreatment experience assessment among Japanese adolescents. It is suggested that the CTQ-J has validity by predicting child maltreatment experiences documented in the child welfare records.

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The intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment: Nonspecificity of maltreatment type and associations with borderline personality pathology

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s095457941900066x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 1157-1171

Author(s):

Sarah E. Paul ◽

Michael J. Boudreaux ◽

Erin Bondy ◽

Jennifer L. Tackett ◽

Thomas F. Oltmanns ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intergenerational Transmission ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Borderline Personality ◽

Personality Pathology ◽

Latent Factors ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽

Physical Neglect ◽

Maltreatment Type ◽

Shared Risk ◽

Generational Continuity

AbstractOne generation's experience of childhood maltreatment is associated with that of the next. However, whether this intergenerational transmission is specific to distinct forms of maltreatment and what factors may contribute to its continuity remains unclear. Borderline personality pathology is predicted by childhood maltreatment and characterized by features (e.g., dysregulated emotion, relationship instability, impulsivity, and inconsistent appraisals of others) that may contribute to its propagation. Among 364 older adults and 573 of their adult children (total n = 937), self-reported exposure to distinct forms of childhood maltreatment (i.e., emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect as assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) showed homotypic and heterotypic associations across generations with little evidence that latent factors unique to specific forms of maltreatment show generational continuity. General nonspecific indices of childhood maltreatment showed evidence of intergenerational transmission after accounting for demographic factors and parent socioeconomic status (b = 0.126, p = 9.21 × 10−4). This continuity was partially mediated by parental borderline personality pathology (assessed longitudinally through a variety of measures and sources, indirect effect: b = 0.031, 95% confidence interval [0.003, 0.060]). The intergenerational continuity of childhood maltreatment may largely represent general risk for nonspecific maltreatment that may, in part, be propagated by borderline personality pathology and/or shared risk factors.

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Maltreatment Type Classifications and Transitions During Childhood for a California Birth Cohort

Child Maltreatment ◽

10.1177/10775595211006784 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107755952110067

Author(s):

John Prindle ◽

Regan Foust ◽

Emily Putnam-Hornstein

Keyword(s):

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Child Protection ◽

Latent Class ◽

Child Protective Services ◽

Latent Transition Analysis ◽

Protective Services ◽

Transition Analysis ◽

Children In Foster Care ◽

Protection Systems ◽

Maltreatment Type

Childhood maltreatment involves dynamics between the type of maltreatment experienced and the context of maltreatment. Reports of alleged maltreatment to child protective services may overlap and shift over time, complicating understanding of their independent and interacting nature, including how child protection systems respond. Latent class analysis (LCA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) were used to construct data-based models of longitudinal dynamics of alleged maltreatment throughout childhood. We sought to identify patterns leading to system decisions to substantiate allegations of maltreatment and place children in foster care. Using linked birth and child protection records, we defined a cohort of children born in California in 1999, 29.4% of whom had at least one referral for alleged maltreatment before their 18th birthday. Maltreatment and perpetrator indicators were coded, and LCA identified five alleged maltreatment classes and one class of children without referrals. LTA determined consistency of classifications and estimated transitions between classes over age periods. Children with multitype maltreatment patterns or experiences of neglect were most likely to experience future maltreatment allegations. Estimated probabilities of placement indicated children with Multitype Maltreatment allegations were more likely to experience substantiated maltreatment allegations and out-of-home placements. Findings identify a repeatable method for better understanding complex systems.

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Emotion Recognition in Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/15248380211029403 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152483802110294

Author(s):

Annie Bérubé ◽

Jessica Turgeon ◽

Caroline Blais ◽

Daniel Fiset

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Emotion Recognition ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

History Of Childhood ◽

History Of ◽

Effects On Children ◽

Meta Analyses

Child maltreatment has many well-documented lasting effects on children. Among its consequences, it affects children’s recognition of emotions. More and more studies are recognizing the lasting effect that a history of maltreatment can have on emotion recognition. A systematic literature review was conducted to better understand this relationship. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used and four databases were searched, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and FRANCIS, using three cross-referenced key words: child abuse, emotion recognition, and adults. The search process identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review highlights the wide variety of measures used to assess child maltreatment as well as the different protocols used to measure emotion recognition. The results indicate that adults with a history of childhood maltreatment show a differentiated reaction to happiness, anger, and fear. Happiness is less detected, whereas negative emotions are recognized more rapidly and at a lower intensity compared to adults not exposed to such traumatic events. Emotion recognition is also related to greater brain activation for the maltreated group. However, the results are less consistent for adults who also have a diagnosis of mental health problems. The systematic review found that maltreatment affects the perception of emotions expressed on both adult and child faces. However, more research is needed to better understand how a history of maltreatment is related to adults’ perception of children’s emotions.

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Establishing the international prevalence of self-reported child maltreatment: a systematic review by maltreatment type and gender

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-018-6044-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Gwenllian Moody ◽

Rebecca Cannings-John ◽

Kerenza Hood ◽

Alison Kemp ◽

Michael Robling

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

And Gender ◽

Maltreatment Type

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Child Maltreatment, Delinquent Behavior, and School Factors as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms from Adolescence to Adulthood: A Growth Mixture Model

Youth & Society ◽

10.1177/0044118x17721803 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 27-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gia Elise Barboza

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Latent Class ◽

Group Membership ◽

Growth Mixture Model ◽

School Factors ◽

Growth Mixture ◽

Broad Array ◽

Drinking Frequency ◽

Maltreatment Type

Previous methodological approaches have not been flexible enough to model the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms or to identify variations between prototypical trajectories conditional on risk and protective factors. The current study examined latent class trajectories of depressive symptoms using data from 3,819 respondents of the Adolescent Health Survey. Four trajectory profiles of depressive symptoms were identified: low-stable, high-decreasing, low-increasing, and moderate-decreasing. A broad array of risk factors were included into the modeling procedure to identify predictors of group membership. Relative to the low-stable group, membership in one of the three symptomatic groups (i.e., heightened depressive symptoms) was predicted by poverty, low self-esteem, gender, drinking frequency, poor academic outcomes, delinquency, and child maltreatment type. This study contributes to our understanding about the longitudinal manifestations of depression and identifies a broad array of factors significantly related to pathways of resilience.

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Colorectal Carcinoma Affected Patients Are Significantly Poor Responders Against the Oncogenic JC Polyomavirus

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.632129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Elena Torreggiani ◽

Ilaria Bononi ◽

Silvia Pietrobon ◽

Elisa Mazzoni ◽

Giovanni Guerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Synthetic Peptides ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Poor Responders ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Jc Polyomavirus ◽

Oncogenic Potential ◽

Different Types ◽

Immunological Dysfunction

BackgroundMany investigations reported the association between human tumors and JCPyV, a polyomavirus with oncogenic potential. The association has been supported by studies that found JCPyV footprints in CRC and gliomas of different types. Indeed, JCPyV footprints including its nucleic acids and Tag oncoprotein have been revealed in CRC tissues.MethodsHerein, sera from colorectal carcinoma (CRC) affected patients and healthy individuals (HS), employed as control, were analysed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against specific JCPyV viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) antigens. The investigation was carried out employing an innovative immunological assay. Indeed, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with JCPyV VP1 mimotopes was used. JCPyV VP1 mimotopes consisted of synthetic peptides mimicking VP1 epitopes.ResultsSera from CRC affected patients, evaluated using indirect ELISAs with synthetic mimotopes, showed a significant lower prevalence of IgG antibodies against JCPyV VP1 mimotopes (26%) compared to HS (51%), p<0.005. These data were confirmed by another method, the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Altogether these results, i.e. the prevalence of serum IgG antibodies against JCPyV VP1 mimotopes from patients with CRC is approximately 50% lower than in HS, are of interest.DiscussionOur data suggest that patients with CRC are significantly poor responders against JCPyV VP1 antigens. It is possible that CRC patients are affected by a specific immunological deregulation. This immunological dysfunction, revelled in CRC patients, may account for their predisposition to the colorectal carcinoma onset.

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Satisfaction with democracy and social capital in Greece

International Journal of Social Economics ◽

10.1108/ijse-03-2017-0063 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 614-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irene Daskalopoulou

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Political Organization ◽

Content Type ◽

Satisfaction With Democracy ◽

The Social ◽

Different Types ◽

European Values ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Continuum

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how different types of social capital contribute to the satisfaction with democracy (SWD) in Greece. Understanding the relationship between different variants of social capital and SWD allows one to situate the Greek democracy in the continuum of democracy types, from primary to modern. Design/methodology/approach The study uses microdata extracted from the European Values Surveys of 2002-2010 and multivariate regression analysis. Findings The results are compatible with a conception of the Greek political organization as a civil virtue democracy. A change in the nature of the relationship is observed after the recent economic crisis in the country. Research limitations/implications The study contributes to the empirical knowledge regarding the relationship between different variants of social capital and SWD. Originality/value Using a typology approach, the micro-relationship between democracy and social capital is analyzed as embedded in a continuum of different democracy types. In addition, this is the first study that uses microdata to analyze the effect of social capital upon SWD in Greece. The results of the study provide valuable understanding of the social and institutional arrangements that might sustain Greece’s efforts to meet its overall developmental challenges.

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C-50 Influence of Childhood Maltreatment on Decision-Making in Adolescents

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acz034.212 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1079-1079

Author(s):

A Olsen ◽

M Marr ◽

D De Boer ◽

E Jackson ◽

K Mackiewicz Seghete

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽

Abuse Severity ◽

Overall Performance ◽

C 50 ◽

Gains And Losses ◽

Over Time

Abstract Objective Decision-making requires weighing potential gains and losses. Adolescents who have experienced maltreatment may be more sensitive to potential gains or losses than other adolescents. The aim of these analyses was to examine trajectories of decision-making over time in adolescents based on maltreatment history and severity. Method The study included 69 adolescents 13 to 17 years old (M = 14.9). Maltreatment history and severity were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Adolescents also completed a modified Iowa Gambling Task (mIGT). Outcomes of interest were the percentage of advantageous responses and net score (measure of overall performance integrating advantageous and disadvantageous plays) for each of three blocks. Results The trajectory of performance across blocks was defined using a conditional linear growth curve model with factor loadings fixed at block 1, block 2, and block 3. Greater maltreatment severity was associated with less increase in net score over time (M = -4.453, p < .001). In contrast, abuse severity (M = 6.675, p = .002) and the presence of neglect (M = 13.058, p = .002) were associated with sharper increases in net score. A regression revealed maltreatment severity, presence of abuse, presence of neglect, and abuse severity significantly predicted the percentage of advantageous plays only during the second block of the mIGT (R2 = .180, p = .030). Conclusions This study provides evidence that maltreatment history and severity are associated with the trajectory of decision-making over time. It also provides support for the importance of examining performance trajectory and heterogeneity in maltreatment regarding cognitive processing.

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Do Trajectories of Sensation Seeking Vary by Sex and Child Maltreatment Subtypes?

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520943722 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052094372

Author(s):

Tamara J. Sussman ◽

Julian Santaella-Tenorio ◽

Cristiane S. Duarte ◽

Melanie M. Wall ◽

Maria Ramos-Olazagasti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Sociocultural Context ◽

Wide Range ◽

Youth Study ◽

Conflict Tactics

Child maltreatment and elevated sensation seeking are associated with a wide range of negative outcomes. Longitudinal data from a study of Puerto Ricans living in two sociocultural contexts were used to determine whether child maltreatment subtypes, sex, or sociocultural context relate to trajectories of sensation seeking. Participants were 2,489 individuals from the Boricua Youth Study (48.5% girls) living in New York and in Puerto Rico (PR; 5–15 years old at Wave 1). Subtypes of child maltreatment were measured using child report on the Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scale and the Sexual Victimization Scale at Wave 1. The association between child maltreatment subtypes, sex, sociocultural context, and previously established sensation-seeking trajectories across three waves of data collection was probed using multinomial logistic regression. Girls, but not boys, who experienced neglect (adjusted odds ratio; AOR; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 5.33 [1.35, 21.03]), or physical abuse (AOR [95% CI] = 3.66 [1.07, 12.54]), were more likely to have an elevated sensation-seeking trajectory than a normative trajectory. For boys, none of the maltreatment subtypes were linked to the elevated sensation-seeking class. Girls exposed to verbal abuse (AOR [95% CI] = 0.33 [0.15, 0.75]) and boys exposed to physical abuse (AOR [95% CI] = 0.39 [0.16, 0.97]) were less likely to belong to the low sensation-seeking class. No significant interactions between sociocultural context (i.e., PR vs. New York) and maltreatment subtype on the development of sensation seeking were found. This research suggests sensation-seeking levels vary by experiences of childhood maltreatment, and that sex moderates the relationship between child maltreatment experiences and sensation seeking, with an association between some maltreatment subtypes and elevated sensation-seeking trajectories found in girls, but not boys. These results underline the importance of considering sex when examining how child maltreatment relates to outcomes.

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