scholarly journals The Large Action of Chlorpromazine: Translational and Transdisciplinary Considerations in the Face of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Stip ◽  
Tahir A. Rizvi ◽  
Farah Mustafa ◽  
Syed Javaid ◽  
Salahdein Aburuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Antiviral Medication ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Side Effects

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in humans that is caused by SARS-associated coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the context of COVID-19, several aspects of the relations between psychiatry and the pandemic due to the coronavirus have been described. Some drugs used as antiviral medication have neuropsychiatric side effects, and conversely some psychotropic drugs have antiviral properties. Chlorpromazine (CPZ, Largactil®) is a well-established antipsychotic medication that has recently been proposed to have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to 1) inform health care professionals and scientists about the history of CPZ use in psychiatry and its potential anti- SARS-CoV-2 activities 2) inform psychiatrists about its potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities, and 3) propose a research protocol for investigating the use of CPZ in the treatment of COVID-19 during the potential second wave. The history of CPZ’s discovery and development is described in addition to the review of literature from published studies within the discipline of virology related to CPZ. The early stages of infection with coronavirus are critical events in the course of the viral cycle. In particular, viral entry is the first step in the interaction between the virus and the cell that can initiate, maintain, and spread the infection. The possible mechanism of action of CPZ is related to virus cell entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Therefore, CPZ could be useful to treat COVID-19 patients provided that its efficacy is evaluated in adequate and well-conducted clinical trials. Interestingly, clinical trials of very good quality are in progress. However, more information is still needed about the appropriate dosage regimen. In short, CPZ repositioning is defined as a new use beyond the field of psychiatry.

scholarly journals How should the ticagrelor be used? The point after the TWILIGHT and THEMIS-PCI studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_L) ◽  
pp. L72-L76
Author(s):  
Laura Gatto ◽  
Francesco Prati
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract The ticagrelor represents a cornerstone of antiplatelet therapy and its use has been supported, over the years, by several clinical trials that have enrolled thousands of patients; while the PLATO study initially demonstrated its effectiveness in the immediate treatment of acute coronary syndromes, the PEGASUS study documented the benefit of prolonging this treatment beyond 12 months from the heart attack. Over the past few months, two new randomized clinical trials have been published that have seen the use of ticagrelor in different clinical settings. The TWILIGHT study showed that in high-risk patients who completed 3 months of double antiplatelet drugs after coronary angioplasty, ticagrelor monotherapy is associated with a 44% reduction in the risk of clinically relevant bleeding in the absence of an increase in the ischaemic risk. The THEMIS study instead concluded that in the population of diabetics with stable coronary artery disease, but without a history of heart attack or stroke, a strategy that involves the addition of ticagrelor to the acetylsalicylic acid is not advisable as in the face of a benefit in the prevention of events ischaemic an increased risk of bleeding has been observed. Only in the subgroup of diabetic patients with a history of previous angioplasty would a more powerful antithrombotic therapy seem to be advantageous.

scholarly journals Islamic Finance in Russia: Between Past and Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
K. D. Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Islamic Insurance ◽  
Second Wave

Russia interested in alternative partnership finances as early as the 90s of the XX century. The first attempts to apply the principles of Islamic finance were made by individual banks. The second wave of initiatives began after the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, with increasing interest in 2014 in the face of a complicating foreign policy situation and the imposition of economic sanctions. In such conditions, it became necessary to search for alternative sources of attracting investment, which, inter alia, became Islamic finance. From 1992 to the present, Russia has gained some experience in Islamic finance. This article provides a comprehensive review of the more than 25-year history of the development of the Islamic financial market in Russia in the context of the analysis of its problems and prospects. After introducing the main definitions, concepts, features and principles of Islamic finance, as well as citing numerical and geographical data on the industry, the author describes all the initiatives for the development of Islamic finance in Russia, divided into 4 levels: international, federal, regional and individual. The history of the development of the Islamic financial market in Russia is presented in chronological order with a division into industry components and Russia’s experience in developing each of them — Islamic banking, Islamic insurance and the Islamic capital market. At the end, a brief analysis of the current state of the Russian Islamic financial micro-market is made and the main opportunities that Islamic finance can give Russia are also indicated.

scholarly journals 25 years of crystallographic studies related to HIV/AIDS

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C938-C938
Author(s):  
Alexander Wlodawer
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Rnase H ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Encoded Proteins ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Viral Maturation

This year we celebrate 25 years since the first crystal structures of HIV-encoded proteins became available. The structure of HIV protease, the first one to be determined, immediately became a guide for designing drugs directed at this enzyme crucial to viral maturation, with several drugs gaining approval in a record time of 6 years. The structures of the other HIV enzymes (reverse transcriptase, RNase H, and integrase) followed and all were immediately useful to drug developers. Other HIV-encoded proteins that control membrane fusion, viral entry, and regulatory processes were also pursued, together with host proteins that are involved in maintaining viral life-cycle. This large body of structural knowledge was crucial to the development of multi-drug therapy that changed the face of the AIDS epidemic from an irrevocably mortal disease to a manageable infection. The history of these 25 years of world-wide crystallographic efforts is worth recounting.

scholarly journals Chocolate consumption and its relation to risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Anil C. Mathew ◽  
Somy Kishan ◽  
Melvin Joy ◽  
Darshan Manoj S. ◽  
Amirthvarshan A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Mediating Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Background: There is a substantial interest in the potential role of chocolate consumption and its association with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to examine the association of consumption of chocolate with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A case control study was conducted at PSG Hospitals between 1st June 2017 and 1st July 2017. All those who had newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and attended Department of Endocrinology for follow-up visit were the cases and the relatives accompanying them without the history of diabetes were the controls. Chocolate consumption and other dietary factors were elicited. The mediating factors studied were age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), educational levels, smoking status, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, potassium intake, magnesium intake and use of statins.Results: After adjusting the potential confounders, chocolate consumption was inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (p<0.05) with odds ratio of 0.564 (95% CI = 0.32 - 0.98).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that moderate consumption of chocolates (preferably 1 to 2) per week has a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Potential applications of this knowledge include recommendations by health care professionals to encourage individuals to consume a wide range of phytochemical rich foods include chocolates in moderate amounts. The results from our study also suggest that adjusting for mediating factors did not alter the results and hence other unknown factors may explain inverse relation between chocolate consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Luxury Communist Jesus

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Sandford
Keyword(s):  
Work Ethic ◽  
Protestant Work Ethic ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Protestant Work Ethic

This article begins by outlining contemporary anti-work politics, which form the basis of Sandford’s reading. After providing a brief history of anti-work politics, Sandford examines recent scholarly treatments of Jesus’ relationship to work. An examination of a number of texts across the gospel traditions leads Sandford to argue that Jesus can be read as a ‘luxury communist’ whose behaviour flies in the face of the Protestant work ethic. Ultimately, Sandford foregrounds those texts in which Jesus discourages his followers from working, and undermines work as an ‘end in itself’, contextualising these statements in relation to other gospel texts about asceticism and the redistribution of wealth.

1386-P: Long-Term Weight Change after Pregnancy and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1386-P
Author(s):  
SYLVIA E. BADON ◽  
FEI XU ◽  
CHARLES QUESENBERRY ◽  
ASSIAMIRA FERRARA ◽  
MONIQUE M. HEDDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
History Of

1715-P: Impaired Postprandial Adipose Tissue Microvascular Blood Flow in Healthy People with a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1715-P
Author(s):  
KATHERINE ROBERTS-THOMSON ◽  
RYAN D. RUSSELL ◽  
DONGHUA HU ◽  
TIMOTHY M. GREENAWAY ◽  
ANDREW C. BETIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Family History ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Microvascular Blood Flow ◽  
History Of

Microcirculation disorders in patients with vibration disease and comorbidity

2020 ◽  
pp. 672-672
Author(s):  
A. N. Kuks ◽  
N. V. Slivnitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Laser Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Vibration Disease ◽  
History Of

The results of laser Doppler flowmetry in patients with vibration disease associated with the combined effects of local and general vibration with a history of type 2 diabetes are presented.

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