scholarly journals Potential Residual Contaminants in Edible Bird's Nest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee-Hui Yeo ◽  
Teck-Kim Tang ◽  
Shew-Fung Wong ◽  
Chin-Ping Tan ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Nitrite Level ◽  
Edible Bird’S Nest ◽  
High Level ◽  
House Design

Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is recognized as a nourishing food among Chinese people. The efficacy of EBN was stated in the records of traditional Chinese medicine and its activities have been reported in many researches. Malaysia is the second largest exporter of EBNs in the world, after Indonesia. For many years, EBN trade to China was not regulated until August 2011, when a safety alert was triggered for the consumption of EBNs. China banned the import of EBNs from Malaysia and Indonesia due to high level of nitrite. Since then, the Malaysia government has formulated Malaysia Standards for swiftlet farming (MS 2273:2012), edible bird’s nest processing plant design and management (MS 2333:2010), and edible bird’s nest product quality (MS 2334:2011) to enable the industry to meet the specified standards for the export to China. On the other hand, Indonesia's EBN industry formulated a standard operating procedure (SOP) for exportation to China. Both countries can export EBNs to China by complying with the standards and SOPs. EBN contaminants may include but not limited to nitrite, heavy metals, excessive minerals, fungi, bacteria, and mites. The possible source of contaminants may come from the swiftlet farms and the swiftlets or introduced during processing, storage, and transportation of EBNs, or adulterants. Swiftlet house design and management, and EBN processing affect the bird’s nest color. Degradation of its optical quality has an impact on the selling price, and color changes are tied together with nitrite level. In this review, the current and future prospects of EBNs in Malaysia and Indonesia in terms of their quality, and the research on the contaminants and their effects on EBN color changes are discussed.

scholarly journals SURG-29. A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE OF USING INTRA-OPERATIVE MRI IN MANAGING PEDIATRIC CRANIAL NEURO-ONCOLOGY CASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii464-iii464
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Ganesan ◽  
Nor Faizal Ahmad Bahuri ◽  
Revathi Rajagopal ◽  
Jasmine Loh PY ◽  
Kein Seong Mun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Extent Of Resection ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Single Centre Experience ◽  
Physical Setting ◽  
Paediatric Case ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

Abstract The University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur had acquired a intraoperative MRI (iMRI) brain suite via a public private initiative in September 2015. The MRI brain suite has a SIEMENS 1.5T system with NORAS coil system and NORAS head clamps in a two room solution. We would like to retrospectively review the cranial paediatric neuro-oncology cases that had surgery in this facility from September 2015 till December 2019. We would like to discuss our experience with regard to the clear benefits and the challenges in using such technology to aid in the surgery. The challenges include the physical setting up the paediatric case preoperatively, the preparation and performing the intraoperative scan, the interpretation of intraoperative images and making a decision and the utilisation of the new MRI data set to assist in the navigation to locate the residue safely. Also discuss the utility of the intraoperative images in the decision of subsequent adjuvant management. The use of iMRI also has other technical challenges such as ensuring the perimeter around the patient is free of ferromagnetic material, the process of transfer of the patient to the scanner and as a consequence increased duration of the surgery. CONCLUSION: Many elements in the use of iMRI has a learning curve and it improves with exposure and experience. In some areas only a high level of vigilance and SOP (Standard operating procedure) is required to minimize mishaps. Currently, the iMRI gives the best means of determining extent of resection before concluding the surgery.

Experimental Glass-Ceramic Products to Immobilize ICPP HLW

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseanne S. Baker ◽  
Bruce A. Staples ◽  
Dieter A. Knecht ◽  
Julius R. Berreth
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Experimental Glass ◽  
Ceramic Glass ◽  
High Level

AbstractCandidate products are being evaluated to immobilize the routinely calcined waste at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP). A potential product with minimal volume for immobilizing ICPP high-level waste (HLW) for final disposal is a high-waste-loading and high-density glass-ceramic. Glass-ceramics are formed by Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing) the HLW with selected additives, such as SiO2, B2O3, Li2O, Na2O, and Y2O3. Glass-ceramic products have been formed with calcine loa ings up to 80 wt% and densities up to 3.4 g/cm3. Crystalline phases observed in the glass-ceramic products include calcium fluoride, monoclinic and cubic zirconia, calcium- and yttrium-stabilized zirconia, and zircon. An interstitial amorphous phase also exists consisting of the oxides of silicon, aluminum, boron, and alkalis. The glass-ceramic waste forms give leach rates comparable to simulated HLW glass products.

An Integrated Low Cost System for Treatment of Potato Processing Wastewater Incorporating Anaerobic Fermentation and Phosphorus Removal

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 675-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
J G Parker ◽  
B J Lyons ◽  
C D Parker
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Potato Processing

The pollution load from a modern potato processing plant represents a substantial wastewater treatment and disposal problem with considerable potential for process innovation. With continued increase in energy costs, recent developments in treatment of industrial organic wastes by direct anaerobic fermentation rather than conventional energy intensive aerobic processes, offer considerable cost savings for wastewater treatment in the potato and other food processing industries. The development, through pilot plant investigations, of a low cost, integrated system incorporating anaerobic fermentation and phosphorus removal facilities is described. Details of full scale plant design, performance and costs, including aspects of utilization of treatment plant by-product biogas, and land disposal of residual phosphorus sludge as low grade fertilizer, are presented. Operating data obtained since commissioning of the full scale plant in January, 1980 demonstrates consistent achievement of an overall B.O.D.5 removal efficiency of 90% and an overall phosphorus removal efficiency of 93%. Total annual treatment cost is $A0.15/kg B0D5 removed (1981 costs).

Evaluation of edible bird’s nest processing plant wastewater quality: a factory case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Shahara Zulfakar ◽  
Farah Natasha Haezam ◽  
Mohd Sham Othman ◽  
Nur Faizah Abu Bakar ◽  
Muhammad Ikram A. Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Processing Plant ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Edible Bird’S Nest

Characteristics of Preliminary Waste Forms for Icpp Low Activity Waste (Law) Fractions after Radionuclide Separations

1995 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Vinjamuri
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Standard Glass ◽  
Radioactive Sodium ◽  
High Level ◽  
Low Activity

AbstractCurrently, at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) there are about 6800 m3 of liquid sodium-bearing and liquid high-level wastes (HLW), and 3800 m3 of solid calcined HLW. One of the waste processing options under consideration includes separation of the HLW into high activity and low activity (LAW) wastes, followed by immobilization. Preliminary glasses were synthesized for the sodium-bearing, alumina-bearing, and the zirconia-bearing LAW fractions after radionuclide separations. The glasses were formed by crucible melting of a mixture of reagent chemicals representative of the LAW waste streams and frit additives at 1200 °C for 5 hours, followed by overnight annealing at 550 °C and furnace cooling of the melt. These glasses were characterized for density, elastic property, viscosity, chemical durability, structural parameters, and glass phase separation. The results are compared with that of the Hanford's standard glass ARM-i, Savannah River's benchmark glass EA, and the ICPP's grout waste form prepared using the simulated non-radioactive sodium-bearing waste fraction.

Developing a Standard Code for Spent Fuel and High Level Waste Containment Baskets

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Wayne Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Material ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Waste Containment ◽  
Internal Support ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Storage

ASME Section III, Division 3, “Containments for Transportation and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level Radioactive Material and Waste” currently addresses the design of transportation and storage containment shells but it has yet to address the containment internal support structure that holds the spent fuel or high level waste in place. However, the code for internal support structures, hereafter referred to by its common name “basket”, has been under development by ASME for the past 2 years. Development of the new code, to be known as Subsection WD, “Internal Support Structures” was deemed necessary because current containment system basket construction is a piecemeal approach using ASME Section III, Division 1, Subsection NF, “Supports” and/or ASME Section III, Division 1, Subsection NG, “Core Support Structures” or some other engineering method. Approvals for the various combinations are granted from the regulatory authority. The piecemeal approach tries to capture the critical elements important for a containment basket. However, Subsections NF and NG are based on nuclear power plant design which has different design goals than for a spent fuel or high level waste containment. The issuance of Subsection WD will ensure standardization of future containment baskets, assist the regulatory agency in the review and approval of the baskets, and ensure that the essential criteria in the basket related to spent fuel and high level waste storage transportation and disposal is adequately addressed. The purpose of the basket is primarily to ensure that the radioactive components in the containment are supported in a way as not to create a criticality event. Current acceptance is typically based on a no yield design that the containment manufactures all say is too conservative and based on unreasonable criteria. What should the basket design be based on, how should Subsection WD address them, etc.? The purpose of this paper is to inform interested parties of the progress that has been made in development of Subsection WD, what construction provisions it will initially include and what is planned for it, and when is it scheduled to be issued.

scholarly journals Rotating Biological Contactor for Biological Treatment of Poultry Processing Plant Wastewater Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Gashem Najafpour ◽  
Punita Nook Naidu ◽  
Azlina Harun Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
High Level

Biological treatment using attached growth on a rotating biological contactor(RBC) was implemented for wastewater from poultry industries, which containsa high level of organic compounds due to the slaughtering, rendering of bonesand fats, and plucking processes. The wastewater mostly consists of proteins,blood, fat and feathers. Nutrients available in the wastewater may enhance thegrowth of microorganisms, thus, it allows biological treatment to be usedeffectively. On the other hand, there are problems associated with biologicaltreatment processes such as nutrients promoting algae growth. The controlvariables for the attached growth in RBC were wastewater detention time, effectivesurface for attached growth, disc submerged level in the wastewater basin, shaftrotation for aeration, pH control and supplementary nutrients. The attachedgrowth resulted to high COD refPoval. The best treatment was obtained after 24hours with 29 % disc submergence level. The effective surface area for cellgrowth was 10.7 m2 using 60 discs mounted on a shaft. The microorganismused for the attached microbial growth was Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The shaftwas rotating at 11 rpm. The treatment was improved with the addition of 1 v/vof 0.1 molar sodium hydroxide solution to the wastewater for controlling pH. A91 % COD removal was obtained with RBC operating at optimum conditions,with a DO concentration of 3.98 mg/l.Key words: Rotating biological contactors, Aerobic treatment, Poultry processing wastewater,Saccharomyces cereuisiae,Attached growth.

Asset Management Using a Web-Based Accounting Online System To Maintain Value of Company Assets

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Ruli Supriati ◽  
Diah Aryani ◽  
Siti Maesaroh
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
High Level ◽  
Asset Management System ◽  
Asset Data

Assets are entities that are tangible or intangible and have economic value. In a company, assets are important, because assets are assets that must be managed properly to provide good benefits also to the company. Companies must be able to keep the value of each company's assets to always be at a high level, avoiding damage so that the value of the asset does not fall in the selling price. With asset management, companies are increasingly eager in planning outgoing expenses to maintain the value of existing assets, monitoring assets that are bought, sold, or otherwise depreciated. Asset management based on this online accounting system, companies get asset data reports, accumulated depreciation of each asset until the asset value is updated or real-time. Any assets that have been added in the system can be archived, edited or deleted. Import feature on this system also facilitate the company in doing penginputan asset data in large quantity. Thus, with the asset management system directly synchronized with the company's financial data, will provide work efficiency in monitoring each company's assets.   Keywords​: Asset Management, Real-time, Entities, and Asset Values

scholarly journals Color changes, nitrite content, and rehydration capacity of edible bird's nest by advanced drying method

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1330-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Hui Gan ◽  
Sze Pheng Ong ◽  
Nyuk Ling Chin ◽  
Chung Lim Law
Keyword(s):  
Drying Method ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Edible Bird’S Nest ◽  
Nitrite Content
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