scholarly journals An emerging need for developing new models for myocardial infarction as a chronic complex disease: lessons learnt from animal vs. human studies on cardioprotective effects of Erythropoietin in reperfused myocardium

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soroush Seifirad
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
New Models ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Reperfused Myocardium

Preinfarction Angina and Improved Reperfusion of the Infarct-related Artery

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (S 01) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sciahbasi ◽  
Eugenia De Marco ◽  
Attilio Maseri ◽  
Felicita Andreotti
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Early Reperfusion ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Infarct Related Artery ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Collateral Vessels

SummaryPreinfarction angina and early reperfusion of the infarct-related artery are major determinants of reduced infarct-size in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The beneficial effects of preinfarction angina on infarct size have been attributed to the development of collateral vessels and/or to post-ischemic myocardial protection. However, recently, a relation has been found between prodromal angina, faster coronary recanalization, and smaller infarcts in patients treated with rt-PA: those with preinfarction angina showed earlier reperfusion (p = 0.006) and a 50% reduction of CKMB-estimated infarct-size (p = 0.009) compared to patients without preinfarction angina. This intriguing observation is consistent with a subsequent observation of higher coronary recanalization rates following thrombolysis in patients with prodromal preinfarction angina compared to patients without antecedent angina. Recent findings in dogs show an enhanced spontaneous lysis of plateletrich coronary thrombi with ischemic preconditioning, which is prevented by adenosine blockade, suggesting an antithrom-botic effect of ischemic metabolites. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for earlier and enhanced coronary recanalization in patients with preinfarction angina may open the way to new reperfusion strategies.A vast number of studies, globally involving ≈17,000 patients with acute myocardial infarction, have unequivocally shown that an infarction preceded by angina evolves into a smaller area of necrosis compared to an infarct not preceded by angina (Table 1) (1). So far, preinfarction angina has been thought to have cardioprotective effects mainly through two mechanisms: collateral perfusion of the infarctzone (2-4), and ischemic preconditioning of the myocardium (5-7). Here we discuss a further mechanism of protection represented by improved reperfusion of the infarct-related artery.

Therapeutic Potential of Biochanin-A Against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeethadevi Govindasami ◽  
Veera Venkata Sathibabu Uddandrao ◽  
Nivedha Raveendran ◽  
Vadivukkarasi Sasikumar
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Detoxifying Enzyme ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

Background: This study determined the effect of Biochanin A (BCA) on isoproterenol (ISO) induced Myocardial Infarction (MI) in male Wistar rats. Methods: Animals (weighing 150-180 g) were divided into four groups, with six animals in each group and pretreated with BCA (10mg/kg Body Weight [BW]) and ɑ-tocopherol (60mg/kg BW) for 30 days; and ISO (20mg/kg BW) was administrated subcutaneously on the 31st and 32nd day. Results: ISO-induced MI rats demonstrated the significant elevation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin; however, concomitant pretreatment with BCA protected the rats from cardiotoxicity caused by ISO. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase significantly reduced in the heart with ISO-induced MI. Pretreatment with BCA produced a marked reversal of these antioxidant enzymes related to MI-induced by ISO. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study suggested that BCA exerts cardioprotective effects through modulating lipid peroxidation, enhancing antioxidants, and detoxifying enzyme systems.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective effects of Ginsenoside compound-Mc1 and Dendrobium Nobile Lindl against myocardial infarction in an aged rat model: Involvement of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 205873922110005
Author(s):  
Yongle Sun ◽  
Jing Geng ◽  
Deyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dendrobium Nobile ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Dendrobium Nobile Lindl

Aging is the crucial co-morbidity that prevents the full cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Combination therapy as a promising strategy may overcome this clinical problem. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of Ginsenoside compound-Mc1 (GMc1) and Dendrobium Nobile Lindl (DNL) in myocardial I/R injury and explore the involvement of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in aged rats. In vivo I/R injury and myocardial infarction was established by temporary coronary ligation in 22–24 months’ old Sprague Dawley male rats. GMc1 (10 mg/kg) and DNL (80 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally for 4 weeks and orally for 14 days, respectively, before I/R injury. Infarct size was measured through triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride staining. ELISA assay was conducted to quantify the levels of cardiotroponin, and myocardial content of TNF-α and glutathione. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB proteins. GMc1 and DNL significantly reduced the infarct size to a similar extent ( p < 0.05) but their combined effect was greater than individual ones ( p < 0.01). Combination therapy significantly restored the left ventricular end-diastolic and developed pressures at the end of reperfusion as compared with the untreated group ( p < 0.01). Although the GMc1 and DNL reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increased the contents of antioxidant glutathione significantly, their individual effects on the reduction of protein expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway were not consistent. However, their combination could significantly reduce all parameters of this inflammatory pathway as compared to untreated I/R rats ( p < 0.001). Therefore, the combined treatment with GMc1 and DNL increased the potency of each intervention in protecting the aged hearts against I/R injury. Reduction in the activity of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and subsequent modulation of the activity of inflammatory cytokines and endogenous antioxidants play an important role in this cardioprotection.

scholarly journals Comparison of cardioprotective effects using salvianolic acid B and benazepril for the treatment of chronic myocardial infarction in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 380 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Haibo He ◽  
Mengqiong Shi ◽  
Xianzhe Yang ◽  
Xiaowei Zeng ◽  
Limao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Salvianolic Acid B ◽  
Chronic Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

Differential cardioprotective effects of salvianolic acid and tanshinone on acute myocardial infarction are mediated by unique signaling pathways

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Limin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

scholarly journals Trop2 Guarantees Cardioprotective Effects of Cortical Bone-Derived Stem Cells on Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1256-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyu Li ◽  
Yunshu Su ◽  
Xiongli Yu ◽  
Durgahee S.A. Mouniir ◽  
Jackson Ferdinand Masau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

Stem cell transplantation represents a promising therapeutic approach for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, where cortical bone-derived stem cells (CBSCs) stand out and hold superior cardioprotective effects on myocardial infarction than other types of stem cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying CBSCs function on myocardial I/R injury is poorly understood. In a previous study, we reported that Trop2 (trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2) is expressed exclusively on the CBSCs membrane, and is involved in regulation of proliferation and differentiation of CBSCs. In this study, we found that the Trop2 is essential for the ameliorative effects of CBSCs on myocardial I/R-induced heart damage via promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting cardiomyocytes apoptosis in a paracrine manner. Trop2 is required for the colonization of CBSCs in recipient hearts. When Trop2 was knocked out, CBSCs largely lost their functions in lowering myocardial infarction size, improving heart function, enhancing capillary density, and suppressing myocardial cell death. Mechanistically, activating the AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin signaling axis contributes to the essential role of Trop2 in CBSCs-rendered cardioprotective effects on myocardial I/R injury. In conclusion, maintaining the expression and/or activation of Trop2 in CBSCs might be a promising strategy for treating myocardial infarction, I/R injury, and other related heart diseases.

scholarly journals Role of the Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Cardiovascular Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Colazzo ◽  
Paolo Gelosa ◽  
Elena Tremoli ◽  
Luigi Sironi ◽  
Laura Castiglioni
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Cysteinyl Leukotrienes ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent lipid inflammatory mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid, through the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway. Owing to their properties, CysLTs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammation; therefore, CysLT modifiers as synthesis inhibitors or receptor antagonists, central in asthma management, may become a potential target for the treatment of other inflammatory diseases such as the cardiovascular disorders. 5-LO pathway activation and increased expression of its mediators and receptors are found in cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the cardioprotective effects observed by using CysLT modifiers are promising and contribute to elucidate the link between CysLTs and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of present research about the role of the CysLTs in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.

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