scholarly journals Influence of regular exercise training on post-exercise hemodynamic regulation to orthostatic challenge

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Sugawara ◽  
Hidehiko Komine ◽  
Taiki Miyazawa ◽  
Tomoko Imai ◽  
Shigehiko Ogoh
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Orthostatic Challenge ◽  
Hemodynamic Regulation

scholarly journals Histamine H1 and H2 receptors are essential transducers of the integrative exercise training response in humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. eabf2856
Author(s):  
Thibaux Van der Stede ◽  
Laura Blancquaert ◽  
Flore Stassen ◽  
Inge Everaert ◽  
Ruud Van Thienen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Muscle Perfusion ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Training Response ◽  
Exercise Muscle

Exercise training is a powerful strategy to prevent and combat cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, although the integrative nature of the training-induced adaptations is not completely understood. We show that chronic blockade of histamine H1/H2 receptors led to marked impairments of microvascular and mitochondrial adaptations to interval training in humans. Consequently, functional adaptations in exercise capacity, whole-body glycemic control, and vascular function were blunted. Furthermore, the sustained elevation of muscle perfusion after acute interval exercise was severely reduced when H1/H2 receptors were pharmaceutically blocked. Our work suggests that histamine H1/H2 receptors are important transducers of the integrative exercise training response in humans, potentially related to regulation of optimal post-exercise muscle perfusion. These findings add to our understanding of how skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system adapt to exercise training, knowledge that will help us further unravel and develop the exercise-is-medicine concept.

scholarly journals Effects of regular exercise on ventricular myocyte biomechanics and KATP channel function

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (4) ◽  
pp. H885-H896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinrui Wang ◽  
Robert H. Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Action Potential Duration ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Ventricular Myocyte ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
High Activation ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Activation Rates

Exercise training is known to protect the heart from ischemia and improve function during exercise by reducing cardiomyocyte action potential duration (APD) and increasing contractility. The cellular mechanisms involve β-adrenergic regulation and the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel, but how each alters function of the left ventricle and sex specificity is unknown. To address this, female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to wheel-running (TRN) or sedentary (SED) groups. After 6–8 wk of training, myocytes were isolated from the left ventricle and field stimulated at 1, 2, and 5 Hz. TRN significantly increased cardiomyocyte contractility, the kinetics of the Ca2+ transient, and responsiveness to the adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (ISO), as reflected by an increased sarcomere shortening. Importantly, we demonstrated a TRN-induced upregulation of KATP channels, which was reflected by elevated content, current density, and the channel’s contribution to APD shortening at high activation rates and in the presence of the activator pinacidil. TRN induced increase in KATP current occurred throughout the left ventricle, but channel subunit content showed regional specificity with increases in Kir6.2 in the apex and SUR2A in base regions. In summary, TRN elevated cardiomyocyte cross-bridge kinetics, Ca2+ sensitivity, and the responsiveness of contractile function to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation in both sexes. Importantly, upregulation of the KATP channel accelerates repolarization and shortens APD during stress and exercise. These adaptations have clinical importance, as increased contractility and reduced APD would help protect cardiac output and reduce intracellular Ca2+ overload during stresses such as regional ischemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results demonstrate that regular exercise significantly increased ventricular myocyte shortening and relaxation velocity and the rate of rise in intracellular Ca2+ transient and enhanced the response of biomechanics and Ca2+ reuptake to β-adrenergic stimulation. Importantly, exercise training upregulated the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma ATP-sensitive K+ channel across the left ventricle in both sexes, as reflected by elevated channel subunit content, current density, and the channel’s contribution to reduced action potential duration at high activation rates.

Effect of a single bout of exercise and chronic exercise training on insulin sensitivity in racing sled dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Pratt-Phillips ◽  
R.J. Geor ◽  
M. Buser ◽  
A. Zirkle ◽  
A. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Challenge ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Three Stages

Two experiments were designed to investigate the role of exercise on insulin sensitivity (IS) in Alaskan racing sled dogs. In both experiments, IS was quantified with an isoglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (IHC), whereby IS was defined as the glucose infusion rate (GIR) divided by the mean insulin concentration during the clamp. In Experiment 1, IS was quantified in 12 racing sled dogs during three stages of exercise training: unexercised for 4 months over the summer (deconditioned), and after two and four months of exercise conditioning. At each stage IS was assessed in unexercised dogs (n=6) and 60 h following a standard exercise challenge (n=6) consisting of a 35.4 km run completed in 2.5 h. In Experiment 2, IS was assessed in deconditioned dogs (n=6) and in well-conditioned dogs that had either completed a 708 km race 5-days prior (n=3) or were unraced for the previous month (n=3). In Experiment 1, there were no significant differences (Pã0.05) in GIR or IS between the three levels of conditioning, nor were there any effects of the exercise bout 60 h prior to the IHC. In Experiment 2 there was no significant difference in IS between well-conditioned dogs and untrained dogs (Pã0.05). However, dogs that completed a 708 km race 5-days prior to the IHC had a significantly higher IS than dogs that were deconditioned and those that were conditioned but unraced. These results suggest that the workload of an exercise challenge is a factor in post-exercise changes in IS but that exercise conditioning has little impact on IS in Alaskan sled dogs.

scholarly journals Effect of Silymarin Supplementation on Physical Performance, Muscle and Myocardium Histological Changes, Bodyweight, and Food Consumption in Rats Subjected to Regular Exercise Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7724
Author(s):  
Nancy Vargas-Mendoza ◽  
Marcelo Ángeles-Valencia ◽  
Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán ◽  
Mauricio Morales-Martínez ◽  
Judith Margarita Tirado-Lule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Regular exercise induces physiological and morphological changes in the organisms, but excessive training loads may induce damage and impair recovery or muscle growth. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of Silymarin (SM) consumption on endurance capacity, muscle/cardiac histological changes, bodyweight, and food intake in rats subjected to 60 min of regular exercise training (RET) five days per week. (2) Methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to an eight-week RET treadmill program and were previously administered SM and vitamin C. Bodyweight and food consumption were measured and registered. The maximal endurance capacity (MEC) test was performed at weeks one and eight. After the last training session, the animals were sacrificed, and samples of quadriceps/gastrocnemius and cardiac tissue were obtained and process for histological analyzes. (3) Results: SM consumption improved muscle recovery, inflammation, and damaged tissue, and promoted hypertrophy, vascularization, and muscle fiber shape/appearance. MEC increased after eight weeks of RET in all trained groups; moreover, the SM-treated group was enhanced more than the group with vitamin C. There were no significant changes in bodyweight and in food and nutrient consumption along the study. (5) Conclusion: SM supplementation may enhance physical performance, recovery, and muscle hypertrophy during the eight-week RET program.

Effect of Regular Exercise Training on Core Muscles and Throwing Performance in High School Pitchers

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S394
Author(s):  
Yung-Ting Chen ◽  
Ting-Yu Wu ◽  
Yung-Shen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Regular Exercise

Changes in Body Consciousness Relate to Regularity of Exercise Training

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-698
Author(s):  
Gary S. Skrinar ◽  
Nancy I. Williams ◽  
Beverly A. Bullen ◽  
Janet W. McArthur ◽  
Nicole Mihok
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Body Consciousness ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Body Self

Previous work has indicated improvement for scores on self-reported measures of body consciousness as aerobic fitness increased. To test whether exercise sufficient to improve aerobic fitness must be sustained on a regular basis to achieve positive changes in body consciousness, two separate periods of exercise training of 2 or 3 weeks duration were completed by nine female volunteers. The two exercise sessions were separated by 10 days of no exercise. Five women, as controls, did not exercise. Despite significant physiological improvement in the exercisers, no changes in self-perceived body self-consciousness were observed. Such changes may depend on the maintenance of a regular exercise regimen or the magnitude of physiological improvement.

scholarly journals Regular exercise training attenuates pulmonary inflammatory responses to inhaled alumina refinery dust in mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Marques Ferreira Normando ◽  
Flavia Mazzoli-Rocha ◽  
Dayse Kelly Molina Moreira ◽  
Bárbara Chaves Barcellos ◽  
Domingos Wanderley Picanço-Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Regular Exercise
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