scholarly journals Histamine H1 and H2 receptors are essential transducers of the integrative exercise training response in humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. eabf2856
Author(s):  
Thibaux Van der Stede ◽  
Laura Blancquaert ◽  
Flore Stassen ◽  
Inge Everaert ◽  
Ruud Van Thienen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Muscle Perfusion ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Training Response ◽  
Exercise Muscle

Exercise training is a powerful strategy to prevent and combat cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, although the integrative nature of the training-induced adaptations is not completely understood. We show that chronic blockade of histamine H1/H2 receptors led to marked impairments of microvascular and mitochondrial adaptations to interval training in humans. Consequently, functional adaptations in exercise capacity, whole-body glycemic control, and vascular function were blunted. Furthermore, the sustained elevation of muscle perfusion after acute interval exercise was severely reduced when H1/H2 receptors were pharmaceutically blocked. Our work suggests that histamine H1/H2 receptors are important transducers of the integrative exercise training response in humans, potentially related to regulation of optimal post-exercise muscle perfusion. These findings add to our understanding of how skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system adapt to exercise training, knowledge that will help us further unravel and develop the exercise-is-medicine concept.

scholarly journals Low-intensity interval exercise training attenuates coronary vascular dysfunction and preserves Ca2+-sensitive K+ current in miniature swine with LV hypertrophy

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. H1687-H1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Emter ◽  
Darla L. Tharp ◽  
Jan R. Ivey ◽  
Venkataseshu K. Ganjam ◽  
Douglas K. Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Miniature Swine ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Coronary Smooth Muscle ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Low Intensity

Coronary vascular dysfunction has been observed in several models of heart failure (HF). Recent evidence indicates that exercise training is beneficial for patients with HF, but the precise intensity and underlying mechanisms are unknown. Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy can play a significant role in the development of HF; therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of low-intensity interval exercise training on coronary vascular function in sedentary (HF) and exercise trained (HF-TR) aortic-banded miniature swine displaying LV hypertrophy. Six months postsurgery, in vivo coronary vascular responses to endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adenosine were measured in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Baseline and maximal coronary vascular conductance were similar between all groups. ET-1-induced reductions in coronary vascular conductance ( P < 0.05) were greater in HF vs. sedentary control and HF-TR groups. Pretreatment with the ET type A (ETA) receptor blocker BQ-123 prevented ET-1 hypersensitivity in HF animals. Whole cell voltage clamp was used to characterize composite K+ currents ( IK+) in coronary smooth muscle cells. Raising internal Ca2+ from 200 to 500 nM increased Ca2+-sensitive K+ current in HF-TR and control, but not HF animals. In conclusion, an ETA-receptor-mediated hypersensitivity to ET-1, elevated resting LV wall tension, and decreased coronary smooth muscle cell Ca2+-sensitive IK+ was found in sedentary animals with LV hypertrophy. Low-intensity interval exercise training preserved normal coronary vascular function and smooth muscle cell Ca2+-sensitive IK+, illustrating a potential mechanism underlying coronary vascular dysfunction in a large-animal model of LV hypertrophy. Our results demonstrate the potential clinical impact of exercise on coronary vascular function in HF patients displaying pathological LV hypertrophy.

Whole-body Vibration Attenuates Arterial Responses During Post-exercise Muscle Ischemia After Static Squat

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
Arturo Figueroa ◽  
Ryan Gil ◽  
Florence Vicil ◽  
Alexei Wong ◽  
Marcos A. Sanchez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Muscle Ischemia ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Arterial Responses

scholarly journals Effects of Interval Exercise Training on Serum Biochemistry and Bone Mineral Density in Dogs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Hae Sung Lee ◽  
Jae Hwan Kim ◽  
Hyun Ju Oh ◽  
Jong Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Exercise has been suggested as a powerful intervention for health care and fitness management in humans; however, few studies have demonstrated the benefits of exercise training in dogs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise training on heart rate (HR), bone mineral density (BMD), muscle volume (MV), and hematological and serum biomarkers in dogs. Six healthy beagles completed the interval treadmill exercise, developed on the basis of the FITT principle, two times a week for 12 weeks. To evaluate the physiological parameters, the HR values were analyzed using the Polar H10 system during the entire exercise period. At pre-and post-exercise, quantitative computed tomography and hematological and serum biochemical parameters were analyzed. The interval exercise resulted in a normal HR response and no adverse behavioral or physiological effects on the dogs. We showed that exercise improved BMD in the femur (541.6 ± 16.7 vs. 610.2 ± 27.8 HA, p < 0.01) and increased serum total alkaline phosphatase (TALP; 68.6 ± 9.2 vs. 81.3 ± 17.2, p < 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (23.5 ± 1.0 vs. 33.5 ± 1.6, p < 0.01), and creatine kinase (114.8 ± 5.3 vs. 214.0 ± 20.8, p < 0.01) levels. There was a positive relationship between BMD and TALP (femur: r = 0.760, p = 0.004; vertebrae: r = 0.637; p = 0.025). Our findings suggest that interval exercise training is beneficial to increase BMD in the femur, and an increased TALP level would be a concomitant mechanism for enhancing BMD with exercise in dogs.

scholarly journals Long-standing, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients with complications respond well to short-term resistance and interval exercise training

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
S F E Praet ◽  
R A M Jonkers ◽  
G Schep ◽  
C D A Stehouwer ◽  
H Kuipers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Diabetes Outcome

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility and the benefits of combined resistance and interval exercise training on phenotype characteristics and skeletal muscle function in deconditioned, type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with polyneuropathy.DesignShort-term, single-arm intervention trial.MethodsEleven male T2D patients (age: 59.1±7.5 years; body mass index: 32.2±4.0 kg/m2) performed progressive resistance and interval exercise training thrice a week for 10 weeks. Besides primary diabetes outcome measures, muscle strength (MUST), maximal workload capacity (Wmax), whole-body peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and muscle oxidative capacity (MUOX), intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and glycogen (IMCG) storage, and systemic inflammation markers were determined before and after training. Daily exogenous insulin requirements (EIR) and historic individualized EIR were gathered and analysed.ResultsMUST and Wmax increased with 17% (90% confidence intervals 9–24%) and 14% (6–21) respectively. Furthermore, mean arterial blood pressure declined with 5.5 mmHg (−9.7 to −1.4). EIR dropped with 5.0 IU/d (−11.5 to 1.5) compared with baseline. A decline of respectively −0.7 mmol/l (−2.9 to 1.5) and −147 μmol/l (−296 to 2) in fasting plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acids concentrations were observed following the intervention, but these were not accompanied by changes in VO2peak, MUOX, IMCL or IMCG, and blood glycolysated haemoglobin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α and/or cholesterol concentrations.ConclusionShort-term resistance and interval exercise training is feasible in deconditioned T2D patients with polyneuropathy and accompanied by moderate improvements in muscle function and blood pressure. Such a specific exercise regimen may provide a better framework for future exercise intervention programmes in the treatment of deconditioned T2D patients.

Resistance exercise training improves age-related declines in leg vascular conductance and rejuvenates acute leg blood flow responses to feeding and exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Phillips ◽  
John Williams ◽  
Philip Atherton ◽  
Kenneth Smith ◽  
Wulf Hildebrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Age Related

One manifestation of age-related declines in vascular function is reduced peripheral (limb) blood flow and vascular conduction at rest and in response to vasodilatory stimuli such as exercise and feeding. Since, even in older age, resistance exercise training (RET) represents an efficacious strategy for increasing muscle mass and function, we hypothesized that likewise RET would improve age-related declines in leg blood flow (LBF) and vascular conductance (LVC). We studied three mixed-sex age groups (young: 18–28 yr, n = 14; middle aged: 45–55 yr, n = 20; older: 65–75 yr, n = 17) before and after 20 wk of whole body RET in the postabsorptive state (BASAL) and after unilateral leg extensions (6 × 8 repetitions; 75% 1 repetition maximum) followed by intermittent mixed-nutrient liquid feeds (∼6.5 kJ·kg−1·30 min−1), which allowed us to discern the acute effects of feeding (nonexercised leg; FED) and exercise plus feeding (exercised leg; FEDEX) on vascular function. We measured LBF using Doppler ultrasound and recorded mean arterial pressure (MAP) to calculate LVC. Our results reveal that although neither age nor RET influenced BASAL LBF, age-related declines in LBF responses to FED were eradicated by RET. Moreover, increases in LBF after FEDEX, which occurred only in young and middle-aged groups before RET (+73 ± 9%, and +90 ± 13%, P < 0.001, respectively), increased in all groups after RET (young +78 ± 10%, middle-aged +96 ± 15%, older +80 ± 19%, P < 0.001). Finally, RET robustly improved LVC under FASTED, FED, and FEDEX conditions in the older group. These data provide novel information that supports the premise that RET represents a valuable strategy to counter age-related impairments in LBF/LVC.

scholarly journals Effect of 8 weeks high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with and without caloric restriction on gene expression of myocardial Bax and Bcl2 in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Zarali ◽  
Zaher Etemad ◽  
Kamal Azizbeigi ◽  
Pouran Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Background: Apoptosis is the physiological cell death that in natural conditions leads to the elimination of old, damaged, waste, and harmful cells. The aim of this study was the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with and without caloric restriction on gene expression of myocardial Bax and Bcl2 in mice. Methods: Present study was an experimental multi-group design with a control group conducted on 30 two-month old male mice. Subjects were divided into five homogenous groups including base control, control, caloric restriction, interval exercise training, and caloric restriction + interval exercise training. Training groups participated in interval exercise training five sessions per week for 8 weeks. The level of gene expression of myocardial Bax and Bcl2 was evaluated by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA at the level of (P<0.05). Results: The results showed that the training group had a significant increase in gene expression of myocardial Bcl2 in comparison with caloric restriction + exercise training (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in gene expression of myocardial Bax compared to the caloric restriction group (P<0.05). Also, exercise training and exercise training + caloric restriction significantly increased the gene expression of myocardial Bcl2 and significantly decreased Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared to caloric restriction, base control, and control (P< 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that high-intensity interval training without caloric restriction would provide a suitable environment for increasing the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane of myocardial cells and possibly apoptosis.

scholarly journals Intramuscular Mechanisms Mediating Adaptation to Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diets during Exercise Training

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Howard ◽  
Lee M. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Glycogen Stores

Interest in low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diets has increased over recent decades given the theorized benefit of associated intramuscular adaptations and shifts in fuel utilization on endurance exercise performance. Consuming a LCHF diet during exercise training increases the availability of fat (i.e., intramuscular triglyceride stores; plasma free fatty acids) and decreases muscle glycogen stores. These changes in substrate availability increase reliance on fat oxidation for energy production while simultaneously decreasing reliance on carbohydrate oxidation for fuel during submaximal exercise. LCHF diet-mediated changes in substrate oxidation remain even after endogenous or exogenous carbohydrate availability is increased, suggesting that the adaptive response driving changes in fat and carbohydrate oxidation lies within the muscle and persists even when the macronutrient content of the diet is altered. This narrative review explores the intramuscular adaptations underlying increases in fat oxidation and decreases in carbohydrate oxidation with LCHF feeding. The possible effects of LCHF diets on protein metabolism and post-exercise muscle remodeling are also considered.

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